Unit 4动词-ed形式-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法重难点精讲（译林版）

高中译林版 【语法精讲】 必修3Unit4 语法专版 【语法专题】动词-ed形式专项突破 高中译林版必修3 语法精讲 语法概述：动词-ed形式（如broken,,interested,.written)=动词的过去分词形式，在句中可作定语 修饰名词、作状语修饰句子或作宾语补足语补充说明宾语。 重难点讲解 重难点一：动词ed形式作定语的用法及与ing形式的区别讲解： 动词-d形式作定语时，通常表示被动或完成的动作，与所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系（被 动)或动作已完成。单个-d形式作定语常放在名词前，短语则放在名词后。 The broken window needs repairing.(被动且完成，单个-ed形式前置) The novel written by Mo Yan is popular.(被动，-ed短语后置) 动词-ig形式作定语表示主动或进行的动作，与名词是逻辑主谓关系。 The running water is very clear..(主动进行) 对比：boiled water(开水，已完成的被动动作)vs boiling water(沸水，正在沸腾的主动动作) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏苏州期中，译林版)The_(excite))children are opening their Christmas presents. 答案：excited解析：children与excite是被动关系（被使兴奋），用-ed形式作定语表状态。 2.(2023江苏南京月考，译林版)Do you know the girl(stand)at the school gate? 答案：standing解析：girl与stand是主动关系（站在门口的女孩），用-ing形式，此处易误 填sto0d,需注意主动与被动的区别。 重难点二：动词-d形式作状语的用法及逻辑主语一致性讲解： 动词-d形式作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、让步等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致， 且-ed形式与主语是被动关系。 Seen from the top of the hill,,the city looks beautiful.(时间状语，city与see是被动关系) Encouraged by her mother,,she decided to try again.(原因状语，she与encourage是被动关系) 高中译林版 【语法精讲】 必修3Unit4 常见错误：逻辑主语不一致。如：Found the key,.I entered the room.(错误，found的逻辑主语应是 I,改为Finding或When I found) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏无锡期末，译林版)_(tel)many times,he still couldn't remember the rules 答案：Told解析：he与tell是被动关系（被告诉多次），用-ed形式作让步状语，相当于 Though he was told。 2.(2023江苏常州期中，译林版)(finish)his homework,he went out to play football 答案：Having finished解析：此处强调动作先于主句动作完成，且he与finish是主动关系， 需用having done形式，易误填Finished(被动关系错误)。 重难点三：动词-d形式作宾语补足语的用法及与宾语的关系讲解： 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与-ed形式是被动关系，常用于”动词+宾语+ed形式”结构， 常见动词有have,make,get,see,hear,find等。 I had my bike repaired yesterday.(bike与repair是被动关系，让自行车被修理) He found the door locked when he came back.(door与lock是被动关系，发现门被锁) 对比：动词-ing形式作宾补表主动进行，I saw him playing basketball..(主动进行)：不带to的不定 式作宾补表动作全过程，I saw him enter the room.(主动完成) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏扬州月考，译林版)We should keep the classroom_(clean))every day. 答案：cleaned解析：classroom与clean是被动关系（被保持干净），keep+宾语+ed形式表 状态，此处易误填clean(形容词，虽正确但不符合语法点考查意图，此处强调被动动作)。 2.(2023江苏镇江期末，译林版)When I passed by,I heard my name_(cal) 答案：called解析：name与call是被动关系（名字被喊），hear+宾语+ed形式表被动完成， 符合语境听到名字被叫”。 易错点综合演练 L单项选择（直击重难点） 1.The(break)vase on the floor was a gift from my grandmother. A.breaking B.broke C.broken D.breaks 2 高中译林版 【语法精讲】 必修3Unit4 2.from the mountain,the village looks like a beautiful picture. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.See 3.The teacher found the students(read)English when he came in. A.read B.to read C.reading D.reads 4.My father had his car(wash)yesterday. A.wash B.washing C.washed D.to wash Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.The girl (dress)in red is my sister.(dress) 2.(encourage)by the teacher,the students worked harder.(encourage) 3.I heard the song(sing)many times.(sing) 4.He wants to have his hair (cut)tomorrow.(cut) Ⅲ.短文填空（综合运用动词-ed形式） 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Yesterday,I visited a small town 1.(locate)in the mountains.The streets 2.(line)with old trees and the houses 3.(build)in traditional style.I met an old man 4.(sit)at the door,5.(smile)at everyone passing by.He told me stories about the town 6.(pass)down from generation to generation. I felt relaxed and happy in this peaceful place 7.(surround)by nature. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.the,window,broken,needs,repairing,(. 2.by,the,story,moved,we,were,deeply,(. 3.I,my,homework,finished,have,get,to,(. 4.children,excited,the,are,games,playing,(. V.按要求改写句子（巩固动词-ed形式用法） 3 高中译林版 【语法精讲】 必修3Unit4 l.The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.(对划线部分提问) 2.They saw the thief caught by the police.(改为被动语态) 3.Ie made the workers work all day.(改为被动语态) 4.The teacher told us to clean the classroom.(改为have+宾语+宾补”结构) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1.C2.B3.C4.C Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：l.dressed2.Encouraged3.sung4.cut Ⅲ短文填空： 1.located 2.lined 3.built 4.sitting 5.smiling 6.passed 7.surrounded V.连词成句： 1.The broken window needs repairing 2.We were deeply moved by the story. 3.I have to get my homework finished. 4.The excited children are playing games. V.按要求改写句子： 1.Which book written by Lu Xun is very popular? 2.The thief was seen caught by the police by them. 3.The workers were made to work all day by him. 4.The teacher had us clean the classroom. 4