Unit 3动词-ing形式作定语 状语和宾语补足语-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法重难点精讲（译林版）

高中译林版 【必修3专版】 动词-ing形式精讲 语法专版 【语法专题】动词-ing形式作定语、状语和 宾语补足语 高中译林版必修3 语法精讲 语法概述：动词原形加-g构成的非谓语动词形式，在句中可作定语修饰名词、作状语表示时 间/原因方式/伴随等、作宾语补足语补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 重难点讲解 重难点一：动词ig形式作定语的用法讲解： 动词-ig形式作定语时，置于被修饰名词前表示主动或正在进行的动作，单个分词作定语通常前 置，分词短语作定语则后置。 a sleeping child(正在睡觉的孩子，前置定语，表主动和进行) The girl singing in the room is my sister.(在房间唱歌的女孩是我妹妹，后置定语，表主动) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏苏州期中，译林版)Look at the_dog.It must be very tired after running for a long time. A.sleep B.sleeping C.slept D.sleeps 答案：B解析：此处需用动词-ing形式作定语修饰名词dog,表主动和正在进行的状态，sleep- ing符合语法要求。 2.(2023 江苏南京月考，译林版)The students in the classroom are preparing for the coming exam. A.study B.studying C.studied D.to study 答案：B解析：分词短语studying in the classroom作后置定语修饰students,表主动关系，即 “正在教室学习的学生”，用动词-ing形式。 1 高中译林版 【必修3专版】 动词-ing形式精讲 重难点二：动词ig形式作状语的用法讲解： 动词-g形式作状语可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果等，其逻辑主语通常与句子主语一致， 且与主语之间是主动关系。 Walking in the park,I met an old friend.(时间状语，相当于When I was walking.) Being ill,he couldn't go to school..(原因状语，相当于Because he was ill..) She sat on the chair,,reading a book.(伴随状语，与谓语动作同时发生) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏无锡期末，译林版)_English every day,and you will improve your spoken English quickly. A.Practise B.Practising C.Practised D.To practise 答案：A解析：此处为“祈使句+nd+陈述句”结构，需用动词原形开头，虽选项B是动 词-ig形式，但此句并非分词作状语，而是祈使句，故A正确。 2.(2023江苏常州期中，译林版)_the heavy rain,.we had to stay at home for the whole weekend. A.Because B.Because of C.Being D.As 答案：B解析：句中已有完整主句，此处需用介词短语作状语，the heavy rain是名词短语， 用because of:若用动词-ing形式需改为Being caught in the heavy rain,选项C不完整，故B 正确。 重难点三：动词ig形式作宾语补足语的用法讲解： 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，用于“感官动词(see/hear/watch等)+宾语+宾补”或“使役动 词(keep/have等)+宾语+宾补”结构，强调动作正在进行或持续，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系。 I heard her singing in the next room.(听见她正在隔壁唱歌，表动作正在进行) He kept the fire burning all night..(让火整夜燃烧着，表动作持续) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏扬州月考，译林版)I saw some children_kites in the square when I passed by. A.fly B.flying C.to fly D.flew 答案：B解析：感官动词se后接宾语补足语，强调动作正在进行时用动词-ing形式，此处 “经过时看到孩子们正在放风筝”，用flying。 2.(2023江苏镇江期末，译林版)The teacher had the students一the text aloud for ten minutes 2 高中译林版 【必修3专版】 动词-ing形式精讲 A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads 答案：B解析：使役动词have后接宾语补足语，强调动作持续进行时用动词-ing形式，“让 学生持续朗读课文十分钟”，用reading。 重难点四：动词ng形式的被动式和完成式讲解： 当动词-ing形式与被修饰词或逻辑主语是被动关系时，用被动式(being done):表示动作发生在 主句谓语动作之前时，用完成式(having done)。 The building being built is our new school..(正在被建造的大楼，被动式作定语) Having finished his homework,he went out to play.(完成作业后，他出去玩了，完成式作状语，表动 作先于主句发生) 真题再现： 1.（2024江苏南通期中，译林版)The problem at the meeting now is very important for our company. A.discussing B.being discussed C.discussed D.to discuss 答案：B解析：problem与discuss是被动关系，且动作正在进行，用being discussed作后置 定语，表“正在被讨论的问题”。 2.(2023江苏盐城期末，译林版)the work,they felt very relaxed and went to the cinema. A.Finishing B.Having finished C.Finish D.Finished 答案：B解析：“完成工作”发生在“感到放松”之前，用动词-ing形式的完成式Having finished作状语，表动作先于主句谓语动作。 易错点综合演练 L单项选择（直击重难点) 1.The leaves in autumn are everywhere in the park. A.fall B.falling C.fallen 3 高中译林版 【必修3专版】 动词-ing形式精讲 D.falls 2.carefully,and you will find the differences between the two pictures. A.Look B.Looking C.Looked D.To look 3.I noticed a girl flowers in the garden when I walked past. A.pick B.picking C.to pick D.picks 4.the project,they decided to have a celebration party. A.Completing B.Having completed C.Complete D.Completed Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.The novel (write)by the famous author is very popular among teenagers. 2.(walk)along the street,she met her former teacher yesterday 3.My mother caught me (play)computer games when she came back. 4.(not finish)his work,he had to stay in the office late. 血.短文填空（综合运用动词-ing形式） 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Yesterday,I saw a strange man(stand)at the comner of the street.He kept(look)around nervously. A police officer passing by noticed him(behave)strangely and went up to ask what he was doing. The man said he was(wait)for a friend,but his shaking hands suggested he was lying.(find)his excuse unconvincing,the officer decided to check his ID. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.the,boy,running,fast,is,on,playground,the(.) 2.we,money,raising,for,are,children,poor ( 3.heard,I,her,singing,song,a,just,now (. 4.finished,homework,he,watching,TV,started,after,his ( 4 高中译林版 【必修3专版】 动词-ing形式精讲 V.按要求改写句子（巩固动词-ig形式用法） 1.The children are playing football on the playground..They are from Class Three.(合并为一句，用 动词-ig形式作定语) 2.HIe worked hard.He passed the exam successfully..(合并为一句，用动词-ing形式作状语) 3.She found that the door was locked when she got home.(改为含有动词-ing形式的句子) 4.The students are discussing the problem.It is very difficult..(合并为一句，用动词-ing形式的被 动式作定语) 综合演练参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2.A3B4B I.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.written 2.Walking 3.playing 4.Not having finished Ⅲ.短文填空：1.standing 2.looking 3.behaving 4.waiting 5.Finding V.连词成句： 1.The boy is running fast on the playground. 2.We are raising money for poor children. 3.I heard her singing a song just now. 4.After finishing his homework,he started watching TV. V按要求改写句子： 1.The children playing football on the playground are from Class Three. 2.Working hard,he passed the exam successfully. 3.She found the door being locked when she got home. 4.The problem being discussed by the students is very difficult