Unit 2动词不定式作定语和结果状语-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法重难点精讲（译林版）

必修3译林版 【语法精讲】 动词不定式专项突破 语法专版 【语法专题】动词不定式作定语和结果状语 专项突破 高中译林版必修3 语法精讲 语法概述：高中译林版必修3Uit2:动词不定式作定语和结果状语=动词不定式(to+动词原形) 分别修饰名词作定语和表示动作发生后产生的结果作结果状语，在句中可作定语和结果状语。 一、重难点讲解 重难点一：动词不定式作定语的用法讲解： 动词不定式作定语时，通常位于被修饰名词或代词之后，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主谓、动 宾或介宾关系。主谓关系即被修饰词是不定式动作的执行者，此时不定式通常用主动形式：动宾 关系即被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者，若不定式动词为不及物动词，需补充适当介词。 例句： 。主谓关系：He is the first student to finish the homework.(他是第一个完成作y业的学生，student 是finish的执行者) 。动宾关系：I have a lot of work to do.(我有很多工作要做，work是do的承受者) 。不及物动词需加介词：She has no room to live in.(她没有房间住，room是live in的逻辑宾语) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏南京期中，译林版)Ineed a pen一. A.write B.to write C.to write with D.writing 答案：C 解析：pen是write with的逻辑宾语，wite为不及物动词，需加介词with,构成to write with作定语修饰pen。 2.(2023江苏苏州月考，译林版)He is always the first to school in our class.. A.come B.coming C.to come 1 必修3译林版 【语法精讲】 动词不定式专项突破 D.comes 答案：C解析：序数词the first后常接不定式作定语，用to come,表“第一个来学校的人”。 重难点二：动词不定式作结果状语的用法及区别讲解： 动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示出乎意料的、不愉快的结果，其结构为“oy+不定式”或直 接用不定式：而“so.that.”“such.that.”也表结果，但that后接从句。不定式作结果状语还可 用于“to0.to”(太…而不能…)和“enough to.”（足够…去做…)结构。 例句： 。出乎意料的结果：He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车站，却 发现火车已经开走了) 。“too.to.”结构：The box is too heavy to carry.(这个箱子太重了搬不动) 。“.enough to.”结构：She is old enough to go to school.(她到了上学的年龄了) 真题再现： l.(2024江苏无锡期末，译林版)He worked hard,he failed the exam, A.so B.such C.only to D.to 答案：C解析：“努力学习”却“考试失败”，是出乎意料的结果，用only to连接，表转折 2.(2023江苏常州期中，译林版)The water is hotdrink. A.too:to B.so;that C.such;that D.enough;to 答案：A解析：句意为“水太烫了不能喝”，“to0+形容词+todo”结构符合语境。 重难点三：动词不定式作定语时的时态和语态讲解： 不定式作定语时，时态上若不定式动作发生在谓语动词之后，用一般式(too):若发生在谓语动 词之前，用完成式(to have done)。语态上，若被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者，用被动式(tobe done)。 例句： 。一般式：I have a meeting to attend tomorrow.(明天我有个会议要参加，attend发生在have之 后) 。完成式：He was the last one to have arrived here.(他是最后一个到这儿的，arrive发生在was 之前) 2 必修3译林版 【语法精讲】 动词不定式专项突破 。被动式：There are many problems to be solved.(有很多问题有待解决，problems是solve的承 受者) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏扬州月考，译林版)There are some books_by Mo Yan in the library: A.write B.wrote C.to write D.to be written 答案：D解析：books是write的承受者，且“被写”这一动作尚未发生，用不定式的被动 式to be written作定语。 2.（2023江苏镇江期末，译林版)She was the first woman the top of the mountain. A.to reach B.reaching C.to have reached D.reached 答案：C 解析：“到达山J顶”发生在“是第一个女人”之前，用不定式的完成式to have reached。 易错点综合演练 L单项选择（直击重难点） 1.Do you have a penthis letter? A.write B.to write C.to write with D.writing 2.He ran to the bus stop,onlythe bus had left. A.find B.to find C.finding D.found 3.She is the first student the math problem A.solving B.to solve C.solved D.to have solved 4.There are many tasks_before the party. 3 必修3译林版 【语法精讲】 动词不定式专项突破 A.to complete B.completing C.to be completed D.completed Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.He is the last one(leave)the classroom every day. 2.I was surprised(hear)the news. 3.The movie is_(interest)enough(attract)many young people. 4.There are some books_(borrow)from the library. 血短文填空（综合运用不定式） 用括号内动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 My friend Lily has a lot of plans for the weekend.She wants 1.-(visit)her grandparents on Saturday morning.They live in the countryside,so she needs 2.-(take)a bus there.In the afternoon,she hopes 3.(go)to the bookstore to buy some storybooks.There are many books 4.(read)there.On Sunday, she is going to the park.She is the first one 5.(arrive)there,and she plans 6.(play)games with her friends.She is sure 7.(have)a great time. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.to,she,the,first,be,woman,space,is,the,(. 2.room,to,we,have,clean,the,(. 3.too,the,heavy,box,carry,is,to,( 4.only,he,that,find,out,to,was,late,( V.按要求改写句子（巩固不定式用法） l.He has a meeting to attend tomorrow.(对划线部分提问) 2.She is old enough to go to school.(改为否定句) 3.le hurried to the station,and he found the train had left.(用不定式改写) 4.There are some problems..We need to solve them..(合并为一句) 必修3译林版 【语法精讲】 动词不定式专项突破 参考答案 1.单项选择：1.C2.B3.B4.C Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.to leave2.to hear3.interesting;to attract4.to borrow 皿.短文填空： 1.to visit 2.to take 3.to go 4.to read 5.to arrive 6.to play 7.to have V.连词成句： 1.She is the first woman to be in space. 2.We have to clean the room. 3.The box is too heavy to carry. 4.He only found out that he was late. V.按要求改写句子： 1.What does he have to attend tomorrow? 2.She is not old enough to go to school. 3.He hurried to the station only to find the train had left 4.There are some problems to be solved.