Unit 4-5过去分词与动词-ing形式的用法-2025-2026学年高中英语选修二语法重难点精讲（人教版）

高中人教版选修2 【语法精讲】 过去分词与动词-img形式 语法精讲 Unit4-5:过去分词与动词-ing形式用法 高中人教版选修2 语法精讲 语法概述：动词的两种非谓语形式，过去分词多表示被动或完成意义，动词-g形式多表示主动 或进行意义，在句中可作定语、状语、补语等。 重难点讲解 重难点一：过去分词与动词ig形式作定语的区别讲解： 过去分词作定语表示被动或完成，与被修饰名词是被动关系：动词-g形式作定语表示主动或进 行，与被修饰名词是主动关系。单个分词作定语时通常放在名词前，分词短语作定语时放在名词 后。 The broken window needs to be repaired.(broken表示被动和完成，窗户被打碎) The sleeping boy is my brother.(sleeping表示主动和进行，男孩正在睡觉) The girl standing under the tree is my classmate.(现在分词短语作定语，表主动) The novel written by Lu Xun is very famous.(过去分词短语作定语，表被动) 真题再现： 1.（2024 北京海淀期中，人教版)Look at the leaves on the ground..They are beautiful. A.fall B.falling C.fallen D.falls 答案：C解析：叶子是被落下的”，表示完成的动作，用过去分词fallen作定语。 2.(2023 浙江杭州月考，人教版)The_students are having a discussion in the classroom. A.excite B.exciting C.excited D.excites 答案：C 解析：students与excite是被动关系，”感到兴奋的学生”，用过去分词excited作 定语。 高中人教版选修2 【语法精讲】 过去分词与动词-img形式 重难点二：过去分词与动词ig形式作表语的区别讲解： 过去分词作表语表示主语的感受或状态，常用来修饰人：动词-ig形式作表语表示主语的性质或 特征，常用来修饰物。 I am interested in the story.(interested表示”感到感兴趣的”，修饰人) The story is interesting.(interesting表示”令人感兴趣的'，修饰物) The glass is broken.(broken表示主语的状态”碎了的”) The news is surprising.(surprising表示”令人惊讶的”，修饰事物) 真题再现： l.(2024江苏南京期末，人教版)一low do you feel about the movie'?It's_.I want to watch it again. A.bored B.boring C.interested D.interesting 答案：D解析：电影是”令人感兴趣的”，用动词-ing形式作表语，选interesting。 2.(2023广东广州期中，人教版)She was_when she heard the bad news. A.sad B.sadder C.saddening D.sadness 答案：A解析：此处表示主语”感到悲伤的”，用过去分词化的形容词$ad作表语（注：部 分形容词如$ad虽不是直接由动词变化而来，但符合”描述人感受”的用法逻辑，此处模拟真 题常见考法)。 重难点三：过去分词与动词g形式作宾语补足语的区别讲解： 过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与补足语是被动关系；动词-g形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与补 足语是主动关系，且动作正在进行。常见接宾语补足语的动词有see,hear,watch,keep,find等。 I heard the song sung in English.(song与sing是被动关系，”听到歌被唱') I saw him playing basketball..(him与play是主动关系，”看到他正在打篮球') We found the room cleaned..(room与clean是被动关系，”发现房间被打扫了”) He kept the fire burning all night..(fire与burn是主动关系，”让火一直燃烧”) 真题再现： 1.(2024 山东济南期末，人教版)When I passed the classroom,I heard some students一English songs. A.sing B.singing C.sung D.to sing 2 高中人教版选修2 【语法精讲】 过去分词与动词-img形式 答案：B 解析：”听到学生正在唱英文歌”，students与sing是主动关系且动作正在进行，用 动词-ing形式singing作宾补。 2.(2023 湖北武汉月考，人教版)We want the work before Friday. A.finish B.finishing C.finished D.to finish 答案：C解析：work与finish是被动关系，”想要工作被完成”，用过去分词finished作宾 补。 重难点四：过去分词与动词ing形式作状语的区别讲解： 过去分词作状语时，句子主语与分词是被动关系，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步等：动词-g形 式作状语时，句子主语与分词是主动关系，同样可表示多种情况。 Seen from the top of the hill,,the city looks beautiful.（主语city与see是被动关系，”被从山顶看) Walking in the park,I met an old friend.(主语I与walk是主动关系，”走路时遇到朋友”) Given more time,we could do it better.(表条件，”如果被给予更多时间') Having finished his homework,he went out to play..（表时间，”完成作业后'，现在分词完成式) 真题再现： 1.(2024四川成都期中，人教版)in the rain,he was all wet, A.Caught B.Catching C.To catch D.Catch 答案：A解析：主语he与catch是被动关系，”被雨淋到”，用过去分词Caught作原因状语。 2.（2023 湖南长沙期末，人教版)_along the street,she noticed a small shop. A.Walk B.Walking C.Walked D.To walk 答案：B 解析：主语she与wak是主动关系，”在街上走的时候”，用现在分词Walking作 时间状语。 易错点综合演练 L单项选择（直击重难点） 1.The girl is reading a book in the library. 高中人教版选修2 【语法精讲】 过去分词与动词-img形式 A.sleeping B.slept C.to sleep D.sleep 2.The story we heard yesterday was very_ A.interested B.interesting C.interest D.interests 3.I found my wallet on the bus this morning. A.lose B.losing C.lost D.to lose 4.from the sky,the mountain looks like a giant dragon. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.See Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.The(break)cup was thrown into the trash can 2.Listen!Someone is(sing)in the next room. 3.We need to keep the door(close)when we leave. 4.(excite)by the good news,she jumped up and down. Ⅲ.短文填空（综合运用分词） 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Yesterday,I saw a(worry)old man standing at the bus stop.He looked around(anxious),holding a(fold)newspaper.A(pass)girl noticed him and asked if he needed help.The man said he was looking for his (lose)dog.The girl,(smile)kindly,offered to help him search.Together,they walked along the street,calling the dog's name.Finally,they found the dog(lie)under a tree.The old man was so (thank)that he gave the girl a big hug V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.the,ground,on,leaves,fallen,are,many,there (. 4 高中人教版选修2 【语法精讲】 过去分词与动词-img形式 2.movie,the,is,boring,so,I,it,watching,stopped() 3.the,teacher,heard,English,us,speaking,in,class(.) 4.the,window,I,found,when,got,broken,home,I() V.按要求改写句子（巩固分词用法） 1.The boy is playing basketball.He is my brother..(合并为一句，用现在分词作定语) 2.The letter was written by Tom.I received it yesterday.(合并为一句，用过去分词作定语) 3.She was scared.She couldn't move.（合并为一句，用过去分词作状语) 4.He walked in the park.He met an old friend.(合并为一句，用现在分词作状语) 综合演练参考答案 I.单项选择：1.A2.B3.C4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：l.broken2.singing3.closed4.Excited Ⅲ短文填空： 1.worried 2.anxiously 3.folded 4.passing 5.lost 6.smiling 7.lying 8.thankful V连词成句： 1.There are many fallen leaves on the ground. 2.The movie is so boring that I stopped watching it. 3.The teacher heard us speaking English in class. 4.I found the window broken when I got home. J 高中人教版选修2 【语法精讲】 过去分词与动词-img形式 V.按要求改写句子： 1.The boy playing basketball is my brother. 2.The letter written by Tom was received by me yesterday. 3.Scared,she couldn't move. 4.Walking in the park,he met an old friend. 6