Unit 4过去分词作状语-2025-2026学年高中英语选修三语法重难点精讲（冀教版）

选修3冀教版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 寒假专版 【语法专题】过去分词作状语专项突破 高中冀教版选修3 语法精讲 语法概述：动词的过去分词形式在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等 意义，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致且存在被动关系。 重难点讲解 重难点一：过去分词与句子主语的逻辑关系讲解： 过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，且二者之间存在被动关系（过去分词表 被动)或完成关系（过去分词表完成）。若逻辑关系不一致，需在分词前添加独立主语，构成独立 主格结构。 -被动关系：Seen from the top of the hill,,the city looks more beautiful.(城市被从山J顶看，主语“the city”与“seen”为被动关系) -完成关系：Having finished his homework,he went out to play..(“完成作业”发生在“出去玩”之 前，表完成，此处虽为现在分词完成式，但过去分词亦可表完成：Finished with his work,he left the office.) 真题再现： l.(2024河北石家庄期中，冀教版)from the moon,our earth with water_seventy percent of its surface,.appears as a“blue ball'”. A.Seen;covering B.Seeing;covered C.Seen;covered D.Seeing;covering 答案：A解析：第一空“our earth”与“see”为被动关系，用过去分词“Seen”;第二空 “water'”与“cover'”为主动关系，用现在分词“covering'”作定语，故选A。 2.(2023河北邯郸月考，冀教版)many times,.he still couldn't understand the problem. A.Told B.Telling C.Having told D.Being told 答案：A解析：主语“he”与“tel”为被动关系，且“被告知”发生在“不理解”之前，用 选修3冀教版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 过去分词“Told”表被动和完成，故选A。 重难点二：过去分词作状语的句法功能讲解： 过去分词可作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语，相当于对应的状语从句，可转换为“连 词+过去分词”结构（如when,迁，hough等+过去分词）： -时间状语：HIeated,ice turns into water..(=When it is heated,ice turns into water..) -原因状语：Deeply moved by the story,she began to cry..(=Because she was deeply moved by the story.) -条件状语：Given more time,we could have finished the task better.(=If we were given more time.) -让步状语：Defeated many times,.he didn't lose heart.(=Though he was defeated many times..) -伴随状语：The teacher entered the classroom,followed by some students.(老师进入教室，后面跟着 学生) 真题再现： 1.(2024河北唐山期末，冀教版)with care,the car can serve you for many years. A.Driving B.Driven C.To drive D.Drive 答案：B解析：主语“the car”与“dive”为被动关系，用过去分词“Driven”作条件状语 相当于“If it is driven with care”,故选B。 2.(2023 河北保定期中，冀教版)from his accent,he must be from the south A.Judging B.Judged C.To judge D.Judge 答案：A解析：固定搭配“judging from/by”为独立成分，不受主语逻辑关系影响，意为“根 据…判断”，故选A。 重难点三：过去分词与现在分词的用法区别讲解： -过去分词表被动或完成，逻辑主语与分词为被动关系：现在分词表主动或进行，逻辑主语与分词 为主动关系。 -过去分词：The broken window needs repairing.(窗户被打破，表被动) 现在分词：The rising sun is beautiful.(太阳正在升起，表主动和进行) 作状语时，过去分词强调“被动/完成”，现在分词强调“主动/进行”： ,Seen from the sky,.the river looks like a snake.(river与see被动关系，用过去分词) -Seeing the snake,she screamed.(she与see主动关系，用现在分词) 真题再现： 1.(2024河北秦皇岛月考，冀教版)_the programme,.they have to stay there for another two weeks A.Not completing 2 选修3冀教版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed 答案：C解析：主语“they”与“complete”为主动关系，且“未完成”发生在“不得不留 下”之前，用现在分词完成式的否定形式“Not having completed”,故选C。 2.(2023河北张家口期中，冀教版)The girl_in red ismy sister,and she is_to music now. A.dressed;listening B.dressing;listened C.dressed;listened D.dressing;listening 答案：A解析：第一空“girl”与“dress'”为被动关系(be dressed in),用过去分词“dressed” 作定语：第二空“she”与“1 listen”为主动关系，且“now”表进行，用现在分词“listening”, 故选A。 重难点四：过去分词作状语的省略与独立主格结构讲解： 1.省略现象：当过去分词作状语的逻辑主语与主句主语一致时，可省略从句的主语和b动词（如 “if/when+过去分词”相当于“if/when+主语+be+过去分词”")。 -If accepted,the plan will be carried out next month.(=If it is accepted...) 2.独立主格结构：若过去分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，需在分词前添加独立主语，构成“名 词代词+过去分词”结构，独立主格在句中作状语。 -The work finished,.we went home.(工作被完成后，我们回家了。“the work”为“finished”的独立 主语) 真题再现： 1.(2024 河北沧州期末，冀教版)All things_,the trip was a success. A.considered B.considering C.to consider D.consider 答案：A解析：“all things”与“consider”为被动关系，且逻辑主语“all things”与主句主 语“the trip”不一致，构成独立主格结构“All things considered”(=If all things are considered), 故选A。 2.(2023河北廊坊月考，冀教版)in the dark,his head hit against a tree. A.Walking B.Walked C.He walking D.When he was walking 答案：D解析：A项逻辑主语“his head”与“walk”不一致，B项表被动不符合语境，C项 独立主格结构正确形式应为“He walking”,但句中已有逗号，D项为时间状语从句，主从句 3 选修3冀教版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 主语一致(he),可省略为“Walking in the dark..”,但选项中无此正确形式，故选D(完整从 句形式)。 易错点综合演练 L.单项选择（直击重难点） 1.from the top of the mountain,the village looks like a beautiful picture A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.See 2.many times,the young man still couldn't solve the math problem. A.Telling B.Told C.Having told D.To tell 3.Ifmore attention,the mistake could have been avoided. A.giving B.given C.to give D.give 4.The girl in the corner is my best friend.She is reading a novel. A.seating B.seated C.to seat D.seat Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.(move)by his words,she decided to support him. 2.The problem(discuss)yesterday is very important. 3.When(ask)about his plan,he kept silent 4.(finish)the work,they went home happily. 5.The teacher entered the classroom,(follow)by some students. ⅢⅡ短文填空（综合运用过去分词） 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 4 选修3冀教版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 Yesterday,I read a story about a brave girl.(inspire)by her experience,I made up my mind to face difficulties bravely.The story was about a girl(name)Mary.She was bormn in a poor family. (educate)by her mother,she developed a strong character.One day,when she was walking home,she saw an old man(fall)down on the road.Without hesitation,she ran to help him.(praise)by many people,she felt very happy. V.句子改写（巩固语法结构） 1.Because she was deeply hurt,she left the room quietly..(改为分词短语作状语) 2.If it is heated,water will turn into steam.(改为分词短语作状语) 3.The bridge which was built last year is very beautiful..(改为分词短语作定语) 4.Though he was defeated,.he didn't lose confidence.(改为分词短语作状语) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1.B2B3B4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.Moved 2.discussed 3.asked 4.Having finished 5.followed Ⅲ.短文填空： 1.Inspired 2.named 3.Educated 4.falling 5.Praised V.句子改写： 1.Deeply hurt,she left the room quietly. 2.Heated,water will turn into steam. 3.The bridge built last year is very beautiful. 4.Defeated,he didn't lose confidence. 5