动词专项 被动语态-2025-2026学年初中英语语法重难点精讲（全国版）

全国版动词专项 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 寒假专版 【语法专题】被动语态专项突破 初中全国版动词专项 语法精讲 语法概述：被动语态=主动语态中动作的承受者作主语，强调动作被谁执行或动作本身，基 本结构为“be动词+动词过去分词”。一般现在时被动用am/is/are+done,一般过去时被动用 was/were+done,一般将来时被动用will be+done,现在完成时被动用have been+done,情态动词被 动用情态动词+be+done。 一、重难点讲解 重难点一：被动语态的基本结构及时态对应讲解： 被动语态由“be动词+过去分词(done)”构成，不同时态通过be动词的形式变化体现： 。一般现在时被动：am/is/are+done(主语是动作承受者，表经常性、习惯性动作) The classroom is cleaned every day.(教室每天被打扫) 。一般过去时被动：was/were+done(表过去发生的被动动作) This bridge was built in2010.(这座桥建于2010年) ●一般将来时被动：will be+done(表将来要发生的被动动作) The project will be finished next month.(这个项目将在下个月完成) 。现在完成时被动：have/has been+done(表过去发生且持续到现在的被动动作) The homework has been finished by Tom.(作业已经被汤姆完成了) 。情态动词被动：情态动词(can/may/must/.should等)+be+done(表能力、许可、义务等的被 动含义) This book must be returned in a week.(这本书必须一周内归还) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版七年级下册期中)Englishby many people around the world. A.speak B.speaks C.is spoken D.was spoken 答案：C解析：句意为“英语被全世界很多人说”，表经常性动作，用一般现在时被动，主 语English是单数，用is spoken。. 全国版动词专项 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 2.(2023全国版八年级上册期末)The letter by my brother yesterday. A.is written B.was written C.will be written D.has been written 答案：B解析：yesterday提示过去时，信被写，用一般过去时被动，主语letter是单数，用 was written。 重难点二：主动语态变被动语态的步骤及注意事项讲解： 主动语态变被动语态需遵循“三变一不变”原则： 。变主语：将主动句宾语变为被动句主语（若宾语是代词，需变为主格） 。变谓语：主动句谓语动词变为“b+过去分词”，时态与主动句一致 。变宾语：将主动句主语变为by的宾语(by短语可省略，尤其当动作执行者不明确时) 。不变：句意保持不变，时间、地点等状语位置不变 主动句：Tom cleans the room every day..(汤姆每天打扫房间) 被动句：The room is cleaned by Tom every day..(房间每天被汤姆打扫) 注意：不及物动词（如happen,appear等）无被动语态：感官动词、使役动词(see,hear,make等)在 主动句中接不带to的不定式，变被动时需还原to(例：主动He made me laugh.→被动I was made to laugh by him.) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版九年级同步练习)They will build a new hospital in this area.(改为被动语态) A new hospital in this area. 答案：will be built 解析：主动句是一般将来时，被动句结构为will be+过去分词，build的 过去分词是built。 2.(2023全国版八年级下册月考)We should plant more trees.(改为被动语态) More trees by us. 答案：should be planted 解析：情态动词should变被动时，结构为should be+过去分词，plant 的过去分词是planted。 重难点三：被动语态的特殊用法及常见误区讲解： 。无明确动作执行者时的被动：当动作执行者不明或不重要时，by短语可省略 Many houses were destroyed in the earthquake.(地震中很多房子被毁了)（未提及谁毁的，省略 by短语) 。主动表被动的情况：某些动词（如sell,wash,write等）用主动形式表被动含义，常与well, easily等副词连用 全国版动词专项 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 This kind of pen writes smoothly..(这种钢笔写起来很流畅)（表钢笔的特性，主动表被动） 。误区警示： -误用be动词时态：如将“昨天的信被寄了”错写成The letter is sent yesterday.(（正确：was sent) -漏用be动词：如将“作业已经被完成”错写成The homework has finished..(正确：has been finished) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版九年级期中)This kind of cloth_well and一out soon. A.washes;sells B.is washed;is sold C.washes,is sold D.is washed;sells 答案：C解析：第一空wash表布料特性，主动表被动：第二空sell out(卖完)与cloth是 被动关系，用被动语态，故选C。 2.(2023 全国版八年级上册期末)The window_by Tom just now.Don't touch it. A.breaks B.broke C.is broken D.was broken 答案：D解析：just now提示过去时，窗户被打破，用一般过去时被动，选D。 易错点综合演练 L.单项选择（直击重难点） 1.Many trees_in our school yard every spring A.plant B.planted C.are planted D.were planted 2.This story bookby my aunt last week A.gives B.is given C.was given D.will be given 3.The homework before dinner.You must finish it on time 全国版动词专项 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 A.must finish B.must be finished C.finishes D.is finished 4.Your mobile phone if you leave it here. A.will steal B.will be stolen C.is stealing D.steals Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.These photos(take)by my brother in the park yesterday. 2.A new library(build)in our town next year. 3.The problem_(can solve)by Tom easily. 4.Many students_(ask)to answer questions in class every day. 5.The old house(not destroy)last month because of the heavy rain. Ⅲ，短文填空（综合运用被动语态） 用动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 The Olympic Games are a big sports event.Every four years,it 1.(hold)in different countries.Many athletes from all over the world 2.(invite)to take part in it.The stadiums 3.-(build)many years before the games.During the games,many matches 4.(watch)by millions of people on TV.The winners 5.-(give)gold medals.The Olympic Games 6.-(love)by people all over the world. V.按要求改写句子（巩固被动结构） 1.People speak English in many countries.(改为被动语态) 2.My father will repair the bike tomorrow.(改为被动语态) 3.They should finish the work before Friday.(改为被动语态) 4.The teacher made the students do morning exercises.(改为被动语态) 4 全国版动词专项 【寒假专版】D版重难点精讲 参考答案 I.单项选择：1.C2.C3B4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.were taken 2.will be built 3.can be solved 4.are asked 5.wasn't destroyed Ⅲ短文填空： 1.is held 2.are invited 3.are built 4.are watched 5.are given 6.are loved V.按要求改写句子： 1.English is spoken in many countries. 2.The bike will be repaired by my father tomorrow. 3.The work should be finished before Friday. 4.The students were made to do morning exercises by the teacher. 5