2026年中考英语重难点语法 被动语态 考点提炼&专项练习

中考重难点语法【被动语态】考点提炼&专项练习

一、核心考点提炼

被动语态的核心结构是：be + 过去分词 (P.P.)。其中，be 动词随时态、主语的人称和数量而变化。

1. 各种时态的被动语态形式（重中之重）

时态	主动语态（例句）	被动语态构成	被动语态（例句）
一般现在时	He cleans the room.	am/is/are + P.P.	The room is cleaned by him.
一般过去时	He cleaned the room.	was/were + P.P.	The room was cleaned by him.
一般将来时	He will clean the room.	will be + P.P.	The room will be cleaned by him.
现在进行时	He is cleaning the room.	am/is/are being + P.P.	The room is being cleaned by him.
过去进行时	He was cleaning the room.	was/were being + P.P.	The room was being cleaned by him.
现在完成时	He has cleaned the room.	have/has been + P.P.	The room has been cleaned by him.
过去完成时	He had cleaned the room.	had been + P.P.	The room had been cleaned by him.
含情态动词	He must clean the room.	情态动词 + be + P.P.	The room must be cleaned by him.

记忆技巧： 被动语态的时态变化全部体现在 be 动词上，后面的过去分词 (P.P.) 永远不变。

2. 被动语态的常用场合

不知道或不必说出动作的执行者：

My bike was stolen last night. （不知道是谁偷的）

English is spoken in many countries. （不必说出谁说的）

强调动作的承受者：

The new library will be opened next month. （强调的是图书馆，而不是谁开放它）

出于礼貌或委婉，避免提到自己：

You are requested to attend the meeting. （比“I request you...”更委婉）

3. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤

找宾语：找到主动句中的宾语，将其变为被动句的主语。

定谓语：确定主动句的时态，将谓语动词变为“be + P.P.”形式，be动词的新主语和时态决定。

加by：将主动句的主语放在by后面作为宾语（如果强调或需要的话）。

主动：Many people speak English.

被动：English is spoken by many people.

4. 特殊情况的被动语态（高频易错点）

① 短语动词的被动语态
短语动词（如：look after, take care of, laugh at, listen to）是一个整体，变为被动语态时，后面的介词或副词不能省略。

主动：The nurses take good care of the children.

被动：The children are taken good care of by the nurses.

② 双宾语的被动语态
有些动词（如：give, show, send, bring, teach, tell等）可以有两个宾语（通常一个是人，一个是物）。两种宾语都可以作被动语态的主语，但更常用“人”作主语。

主动：My father gave me a book. (me是间接宾语，a book是直接宾语)

被动1（人作主语）：I was given a book by my father.

被动2（物作主语）：A book was given (to) me by my father.

③ 省略“by”的情况
当动作的执行者是“物”而不是“人”时，常省略by短语。

主动：The fire destroyed the building.

被动：The building was destroyed (by the fire). (这里的by the fire常省略)

④ “be going to” 结构的被动语态

主动：They are going to build a bridge here.

被动：A bridge is going to be built here.

二、易错点 & 解题技巧

1.混淆不及物动词：不及物动词（如：happen发生, die死, rise升起, appear出现）没有被动语态。

错误：The accident was happened last night.

正确：The accident happened last night.

2.忽略动词短语中的介词：这是中考常设的陷阱。

错误：The children are taken good care by the nurses. (漏了of)

正确：The children are taken good care of by the nurses.

3.“Be + P.P.” 不一定是被动语态：可能是“系表结构”，表示状态而非动作。

被动语态 (动作)：The window was broken by Tom. （强调“被打破”这个动作）

系表结构 (状态)：The window was broken. （强调“破了”的状态）

4.解题步骤：

第一步：看主语和动词的关系，是“主语执行动作”还是“主语承受动作”？

第二步：分析句子时态。

第三步：检查是否为特殊句型（短语动词、双宾语等）。

 

中考重难点语法【被动语态】考点专项练习

第一部分：基础概念与识别 (判断时态和结构)

练习一：单项选择（判断正确形式）

1. English ___ all over the world.
   A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoken D. has spoken

2.The new bridge ___ last month.
A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built

3. — Can I take this magazine out of the reading room?
— Sorry, it ___. You can only read it here.
A. isn't allowed B. doesn't allow C. wasn't allowed D. hasn't allowed

4.A talk on Chinese history ___ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives

5.The children ___ by the nurses in the kindergarten.
A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of
C. take good care D. take good care of

第二部分：不同时态的被动语态 (综合运用)

练习二：用所给动词的被动语态正确形式填空

1. The room __________ (clean) every day by my little brother.
2. The windows of our classroom __________ (just, wash). They look very bright.
3. A new subway line __________ (build) in our city now.
4. The sick boy __________ (must, send) to the hospital at once.
5. The storybook __________ (return) to the library yesterday.
6. The problem __________ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow afternoon.

第三部分：特殊句型与易错点 (高分突破)

练习三：句型转换（改为被动语态，每空一词）

1. We should water the flowers twice a week.

→ The flowers should ________ ________ twice a week.

2. They are painting the walls of my room now.

→ The walls of my room ________ ________ ________ now.

3. People in Britain often give presents to each other at Christmas.

→ Presents ________ often ________ to each other at Christmas in Britain.