专题09 预习篇之八年级下册Unit 5 Nature's Temper-【寒假打卡计划】2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语上册复习篇+八年级英语下册预习篇

【寒假打卡计划】人教版2024八年级英语上册复习篇+八年级英语下册预习篇 专题09 预习篇之八年级下册Unit 5 Nature's Temper 第1部分 教材同步单元词汇短语 1、 根据中文释义写出对应的英文单词 1．n. 脾气；怒气 2．n. 地震 3．n. 台风 4．n. 野火 5．n. 雪暴；暴风雪 6．n. 水灾；洪水v. 泛滥；淹没 7．n. 久旱；旱灾 8．v. 警告；提醒注意 9．n. 波浪；波；挥手v. 挥手；挥舞 10．n. 海啸 11．n. 采访；面试v. 采访；对（某人）进行面试 12．adv. 可能；或许 13．n. &v. 汇报；报道 14．n. 街区；临近的地方 15．n. 屋顶；顶部 16．adv. 几乎；差不多；将近 17．n. 苦恼；困难v. 使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦 18．n. 亲戚；亲属 19．n. 卡车 20．n. 供应（量）；（pl. ）补给（品）v. 供应；供给 21．n. 准备（工作）；预备 22．n. 电力供应；能量；力量 23．adv. （睡觉）酣畅地；可靠地；完全彻底地 24．adj. 厚的；浓密的 25．v. 敲；打 （过去式 ；过去分词 ） 26．v. 躲藏；隐蔽 （过去式 ；过去分词 ） 27．n. 龙卷风；旋风 28．adj. & adv. 最坏（的）；最糟（的） 29．n. （学校的）女生 30．n. 泡；泡沫 【答案】 1．temper 2．earthquake 3．typhoon 4．wildfire 5．snowstorm 6．flood 7．drought 8．warn 9．wave 10．tsunami 11．interview 12．possibly 13．report 14．neighbourhood 15．roof 16．nearly 17．trouble 18．relative 19．truck 20． supplies supply 21．preparation 22．power 23．soundly 24．thick 25． beat beat beaten 26． hide hid hidden 27．tornado 28．worst 29．schoolgirl 30．froth 2、 根据中文释义写出对应的英文短语 31．做家务 32．作准备 33．保安人员 34．除……之外 35．一……就…… 36．闹钟 37．醒来 38．（警报器等）突然发出巨响 39．突然；猛地 40．到……的时候 41．上气不接下气 42．因此 43．出现问题；发生故障；搞错 【答案】 31．do chores 32．make preparations 33．security guard 34．except for 35．as soon as 36．alarm clock 37．wake up 38．go off 39．all of a sudden 40．by the time 41．out of breath 42．as a result 43．go wrong 第二部分预习提升 一、按要求完成单词拼写 1．We should take measures to (保护) our environment from pollution. 2．Listening to the baby’s strong (心跳) made the parents feel very relieved. 3．We need more (人力) to finish this difficult project on time. 4．You should (躲藏) under a sturdy table if an earthquake happens. 5．Safety is the first thing to consider when facing a (灾难). 6．We should stay indoors during a strong (暴风雨) to keep safe. 7．The weather report gave a (警告) about the coming typhoon. 8．He (not hear) the flood warning because he was wearing headphones. 9．We (should stay) away from windows during a storm. 10．Look! The workers (repair) the road damaged by the heavy rain. 11．She (hide) in the closet when the thunderstorm hit. 12．What you (do) when the earthquake happened? 13．You (not run) outside quickly during an earthquake—it’s dangerous. 14．Tim was so (luck) that he missed the last bus and had to walk home. 15．I felt (terrible) sorry for breaking my friend’s favourite cup. 二、按要求完成句子 16．We protect ourselves by hiding under a table. (对画线部分提问) we protect ourselves? 17．The storm happened at 8:00 last night. (对画线部分提问) did the storm happen? 18．He was sleeping when the earthquake came. (改为否定句) He when the earthquake came. 19．You should stay calm during a disaster. (同义句转换) It’s important calm during a disaster. 20．They left the building quickly after the warning. (改为一般疑问句) they the building quickly after the warning? 三、语法选择 Natural disasters are unpredictable and can bring great damage to human beings. However, with proper preparation and scientific knowledge, we can minimize the risks and protect ourselves better. First, it’s necessary to learn about different types of natural disasters. We should know their characteristics, warning signs, and 21 measures. For example, before a typhoon comes, we need to close windows, store enough food and water, and 22 from low-lying areas. Knowing these basic facts can help us stay calm when disasters happen. Second, paying attention to weather forecasts and early warnings is crucial. Meteorological departments use advanced equipment to monitor weather changes and 23 warnings in time. We should check the forecasts regularly, especially during seasons when natural disasters are 24 , such as summer and autumn for typhoons. Third, having an emergency plan is essential for families. Every family should discuss and make a plan that includes meeting places, emergency contacts, and necessary supplies. It’s also important to practice the plan 25 so that everyone knows what to do in an emergency. Fourth, helping each other during and after disasters can make a big difference. When a natural disaster strikes, people in the affected areas need support. We can donate money, food, or clothing, or volunteer to help with rescue and reconstruction work. This not only helps those in need but also 26 the spirit of unity. However, even with all these preparations, we may still face unexpected situations. That’s why it’s important to stay 27 and follow the instructions of rescuers. Panic can only make things worse. We should believe that with the efforts of the government, scientists, and the whole society, we can overcome any natural disaster. In fact, facing natural disasters is also a way to test human beings’ courage and wisdom. By learning from each disaster, we can improve our prevention and response capabilities. 28 we keep improving our knowledge and skills, we will be more confident in dealing with future natural disasters. Remember, nature is powerful, but human beings are 29 . As long as we respect nature, protect the environment, and prepare well, we can live in harmony with nature and reduce the damage caused by 30 temper. 21．A．protect B．protective C．protection D．protected 22．A．stay away B．stay up C．stay on D．stay in 23．A．send out B．take out C．put out D．look out 24．A．common B．commonly C．unusual D．unusually 25．A．regular B．regularly C．irregular D．irregularly 26．A．strengthen B．strengthens C．strengthened D．strengthening 27．A．calm B．calmly C．nervous D．nervously 28．A．If B．Unless C．Though D．Because 29．A．power B．powerful C．powerless D．powerfully 30．A．nature B．natures C．nature’s D．natural 四、阅读理解 A China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪). Chinese people are among the most hospitable people in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they would be surprised at the warmth that they would receive as guests. When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you. Then he will serve you snacks like biscuits or candy. Someone in the family will also talk with you, never letting you feel lonely. At the same time, other family members will prepare a meal for you. Chinese people treat their guests with a big meal. They always prepare more food than the guests can eat. At the table, the guests must be the first to eat. Perhaps one of the things that surprises a Western guest most is that some Chinese hosts like to pick up food for visitors, which won’t happen at Western tables. The Chinese families go out of their way to make you feel at home. As you finish eating, the host usually says, “It seems that you didn’t eat much. Please have more.” Although you tell them you are full, they still put more food in your bowl. Being warm and hospitable has long been an important part of Chinese culture and tradition. As Confucius (孔子) said thousands of years ago: To meet friends from afar, how happy we are! 31．What does the underlined word “hospitable” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Welcoming. B．Hard-working. C．Creative. D．Nervous. 32．What will the host probably do for you when you visit a Chinese family? ①Make tea.  ②Prepare a meal.  ③Serve some snacks.   ④Have a party. A．①②④ B．①②③ C．①③④ D．②③④ 33．Why do Chinese families do so much for their guests? A．To show their wealth (财富). B．To make the guests feel at home. C．To make the guests feel uncomfortable. D．To show they know much about the guests. 34．Why does a Western visitor feel surprised when the host picks up food for him? A．Because it makes him happy. B．Because he thinks it’s not necessary. C．Because he thinks it’s not polite. D．Because it won’t happen in Western countries. 35．Where may we see the passage? A．In a diary. B．In a storybook. C．In a dictionary. D．In a newspaper. B Nowadays more and more people like to have a trip around the world. In order to have a wonderful trip, it is necessary for them to know what to do in different countries and how to deal with cultural differences. Here are different cultures from three countries. Canadians are easy to get along with and they usually say hello to each other even if they are strangers. When men and women meet, women usually hold out their hands first. If a woman doesn’t want to shake hands, she can just nod and smile. If a man wears gloves, he should take them off before shaking hands. Brazilians (巴西人) are very friendly and they always get ready to say hello to others. They stand very close to each other when they speak and may touch each other’s arms or backs. And if you go to a business meeting in Brazil, you are not expected to take a present. When you meet Indians, it is important to say hello to the oldest person first. But you’d better not hold out your left hand when you say hello, because it is impolite. Also, many Indians are enthusiastic (热情的) and they like to say hello actively and have a conversation with you when you travel in India. Different countries have different cultures. No matter where we go, we should respect the cultures there. 36．What will a Canadian woman do if she doesn’t want to shake hands? A．Nod and smile. B．Say hello to others. C．Touch others’ arms. D．Wear a pair of gloves. 37．Match the countries with the customs and choose the right answer. ①India     a. Men take off gloves before shaking hands. ②Canada    b. People stand very close when speaking. ③Brazil    c. Greet the oldest person first. A．①-c; ②-b; ③-a B．①-b; ②-c; ③-a C．①-c; ②-a; ③-b D．①-a; ②-c; ③-b 38．What can we learn from the passage? A．Women in India usually hold out their hands first. B．People in Brazil needn’t take a gift to a business meeting. C．Men in India usually hold out their left hand to say hello. D．People in Brazil don’t often touch each other when speaking. 39．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 40．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To teach people how to be polite. B．To make more people enjoy traveling. C．To introduce different cultures from three countries. D．To show the importance of knowing different cultures. C Natural disasters like fires can happen everywhere. They have made thousands of people lose their homes. It’s very important to be ready for them. 41 Prepare food and water. 42 Choose food that can be kept for a long time and eaten without cooking. And be sure to keep lots of water. Learn to avoid (避免) risks. You should learn to protect (保护) yourself when natural disasters come. 43 Stay cool first. Whatever happens, the first thing you should do is to stay cool. 44 Think about what you might need when disasters happen. You might need warm clothes, flashlights or plastic bags. Make a plan. Plan what you will do when you need to move away from your home. 45 Make sure that you know the phone numbers of your family members in other cities. A．Prepare for things needed. B．It’s important for you to take action. C．Plan a way to find other family members. D．There are several important things you should do at home. E．Quickly think and choose the safe places to avoid being hurt. F．If you are saved, return to your home only after you’re allowed. G．You should keep enough food and water for at least three days in your house. 五、短文填空 It was a beautiful spring day and the sun 46 (shine). Four boys decided not to go to school during the morning. They planned to play football, although they 47 (have) an English exam that day. The boys 48 (play) football when it started to rain heavily. They 49 (think) the exam was probably over so they decided to go back to school. When they 50 (walk) in the hallway, their English teacher saw them. “Why did you miss the exam today?” she asked. A boy answered her with a lie (谎话). “While we 51 (drive) to school, my car had a flat tire (瘪了的轮胎) and it couldn’t move.” “OK,” the teacher said. “Then you can take the exam now.” The boys 52 (feel) very worried, but the teacher smiled. “Oh, don’t worry! It will be easy!” she told them. When they 53 (sit) at their desks, the teacher gave them the exam papers. They 54 (open) the papers and saw only one question: Which tire was flat? As a result, they had different answers. They 55 (say) sorry to the teacher and the teacher said, “It’s not good to miss school and it’s not good to tell a lie, either.” 六、读写综合 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。 Heavy rain can cause floods and bring trouble to our lives. Here are some tips to stay safe during heavy rain: 1.Stay indoors: Don’t go outside unless it’s necessary. If you have to go out, wear waterproof clothes and shoes. 2.Avoid low-lying areas: Don’t walk or drive through flooded streets. Low-lying places like basements can easily get filled with water. 3.Check your home: Make sure your roof is not leaking and your drains are clear to stop water from coming inside. 4.Prepare emergency supplies: Keep flashlights, batteries, and bottled water at home in case the power goes out. Following these tips can help you stay safe when heavy rain comes! 56．What should you wear if you have to go out during heavy rain? 57．Why should you avoid low-lying areas during heavy rain? 58．What can you do to stop water from coming into your home? 59．What emergency supplies should you keep at home? 60．What is the main purpose of these tips? B．书面表达 请根据要求完成短文写作。 61．你是李华，上周你所在的城市经历了一次暴雨，你成功按照学到的安全知识保护了自己和家里的宠物。请给你的笔友Mike写一封信，讲述这次经历。内容包括： (1) 暴雨发生的时间和情况； (2) 你采取的安全措施； (3) 这次经历让你学到的道理。 作文要求： (1) 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现真实校名、地名和考生的真实姓名。 (2) 语句连贯，词数60左右。作文的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Mike, I’m writing to tell you about a heavy rainstorm that hit my city last week. I learned that being prepared is really important. What about you? Have you ever experienced bad weather? Write back soon! Love, Li Hua 参考答案 一、 1．safeguard/protect 【详解】句意：我们应该采取措施保护我们的环境免受污染。根据汉语提示可知，safeguard /protect意为 “保护”，“take measures to do sth.” 是固定搭配，后接动词原形。故填safeguard/protect。 2．heartbeat 【详解】句意：听着宝宝有力的心跳，父母感到非常安心。根据句意和括号内的中文提示可知，此处考查heartbeat“心跳”，名词，这里用单数即可表示“婴儿的心跳”，符合语境。故填heartbeat。 3．manpower 【详解】句意：我们需要更多的人力来按时完成这个困难的项目。根据中文提示“人力”以及语境可知，此处应用manpower；manpower为不可数名词，此处用原形符合语境。故填manpower。 4．hide 【详解】句意：如果发生地震，你应该躲藏在坚固的桌子下。情态动词should后接动词原形，“躲藏”对应的英文动词是hide。故填hide。 5．disaster 【详解】句意：在面对灾难时，安全是首要考虑的因素。“灾难”disaster，且a修饰单数名词。故填disaster。 6．storm 【详解】句意：为了保证安全，我们应该在强风暴期间待在室内。根据汉语提示和语境可知，“暴风雨”对应的英文是storm，它是可数名词；句中有不定冠词a，因此用单数形式storm即可。故填storm。 7．warning 【详解】句意：天气预报发出了关于即将来临的台风的警报。“警告”warning，且a修饰单数名词。故填warning。 8．didn’t hear 【详解】句意：他没有听到洪水警报，因为当时他正戴着耳机。原因状语从句“because he was wearing headphones”使用了过去进行时，表明主句动作“hear”发生在过去，需用一般过去时的否定形式。一般过去时的否定结构为didn’t+动词原形，动词“hear”用原形即可。故填didn’t hear。 9．should stay 【详解】句意：在暴风雨期间，我们应该远离窗户。根据“We…away from windows during a storm.”可知，暴风雨期间应当远离窗户，该句为肯定句，情态动词should后接动词原形。故填should stay。 10．are repairing 【详解】句意：看！工人们正在修理被大雨损坏的道路。句首的“Look!”是现在进行时的标志，表示动作正在发生。现在进行时的结构是“am/is/are+动词的现在分词”。主语“The workers”是复数，be动词用“are”，动词“repair”的现在分词是“repairing”。故填are repairing。 11．was hiding 【详解】句意：雷雨袭来时，她正躲在壁橱里。时间状语“when the thunderstorm hit”表示过去的某个时间点，主句动作“hide”在那时正在进行，因此要用过去进行时。主语“She”是单数，be动词用“was”，动词“hide”的现在分词是“hiding”。故填was hiding。 12． were doing 【详解】句意：地震发生时，你在做什么？根据“when the earthquake happened”可知时态是过去进行时was/were doing，表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作。主语是you，be动词用were，do的现在分词是doing。故填were；doing。 13．shouldn’t run 【详解】句意：地震时你不应该快速跑到外面——这很危险。句子表达的是建议或禁止的语气，用shouldn’t run符合语境。情态动词“shouldn’t”后接动词原形“run”，构成否定祈使含义。故填shouldn’t run。 14．unlucky 【详解】句意：蒂姆如此不幸，以至于他错过了末班车，不得不步行回家。so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，so后面需要接形容词或副词。luck是名词“运气”，其形容词有lucky“幸运的”和unlucky“不幸的”，结合“he missed the last bus and had to walk home”可知，这里应该是“不幸的”。故填unlucky。 15．terribly 【详解】句意：我打碎了朋友最喜欢的杯子，感到非常抱歉。“terrible”是形容词，此处需要用副词形式“terribly”来修饰形容词“sorry”，表示“非常”。故填terribly。 二、 16． How do 【详解】句意：我们通过躲在桌子下面来保护自己。划线部分“by hiding under a table”是保护自己的方式，对方式提问要用疑问词How。原句是一般现在时，主语是“we”，在疑问句中需要用助动词do来构成疑问语序。故填How；do。 17． What time 【详解】句意：暴风雨是什么时候发生的？对具体的时间点（at 8:00 last night）提问，要用固定疑问词组What time，意为“几点”。故填What；time。 18． wasn’t sleeping 【详解】句意：地震来时他正在睡觉。原句为过去进行时，结构为“was + doing”。改为否定句时，在was后加not，可缩写为wasn’t，动词sleeping保持不变。故填wasn’t； sleeping。 19． to stay 【详解】句意：在灾难期间你应该保持冷静。同义句转换，原句“You should do sth.”可转换为“It‘s important to do sth.”句式，两者均表示建议或重要性。故填to；stay。 20． Did leave 【详解】句意：在收到警告后，他们迅速离开了那栋大楼。原句时态是一般过去时，谓语动词是left，改为一般疑问句时，需在句首添加助动词Did，谓语动词用原形leave。故填Did；leave。 三、 21．B 22．A 23．A 24．A 25．B 26．B 27．A 28．A 29．B 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了面对不可预测的自然灾害，人类可以通过学习灾害知识、关注预警、制定应急计划、互助合作以及保持冷静等方式，来降低风险、更好地保护自己，并强调在尊重自然、保护环境的前提下，人类能够与自然和谐共处。 21．句意：我们应该了解它们的特征、预警信号以及保护措施。 protect保护，动词；protective保护的，形容词；protection保护，名词；protected受保护的，形容词/过去分词。根据“their characteristics, warning signs, and...measures”可知，空处与前面两个名词并列，应选择形容词“protective”作定语，修饰“measures”，构成名词短语protective measures“防护措施”。故选B。 22．句意：例如，在台风来临前，我们需要关好窗户，储存足够的食物和水，并远离低洼地区。 stay away远离；stay up熬夜；stay on继续停留；stay in待在家里。根据“from low-lying areas”可知，台风天应“远离”低洼地带。故选A。 23．句意：气象部门使用先进设备监测天气变化并及时发出警告。 send out发出；take out取出；put out扑灭；look out小心。根据“warnings”可知，气象部门会“发出”预警。故选A。 24．句意：我们应该定期查看天气预报，特别是在自然灾害常见的季节，比如夏秋季节的台风。 common常见的，形容词；commonly常见地，副词；unusual不寻常的；unusually不寻常地。根据“such as summer and autumn for typhoons”可知，这些季节台风是“常见的”。空处修饰名词“seasons”，需用形容词“common”。故选A。 25．句意：定期演练计划也很重要，这样每个人都知道在紧急情况下该做什么。 regular定期的，形容词；regularly定期地，副词；irregular不规则的；irregularly不规则地。根据“practice the plan...so that everyone knows what to do”可知，空处修饰动词“practice”，需用副词“regularly”。故选B。 26．句意：这不仅帮助了需要帮助的人，也强化了团结精神。 strengthen强化，原形；strengthens强化，三单；strengthened强化，过去式；strengthening强化，现在分词。主语“This”指代前文互助的行为，为单数，且描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，动词需用三单形式“strengthens”。故选B。 27．句意：这就是为什么保持冷静并遵循救援人员的指示很重要。 calm冷静的，形容词；calmly冷静地，副词；nervous紧张的；nervously紧张地。根据“stay”可知，是“stay + 形容词”结构，表示保持某种状态，应用形容词“calm”。故选A。 28．句意：只要我们不断提高我们的知识和技能，我们在应对未来的自然灾害时会更有信心。 If如果；Unless除非；Though尽管；Because因为。根据“we keep improving our knowledge and skills, we will be more confident...”可知，前后句为条件关系，应用“If”引导条件状语从句。故选A。 29．句意：记住，大自然是强大的，但人类也是强大的。 power力量，名词；powerful强大的，形容词；powerless无力的，形容词；powerfully强大地，副词。根据“nature is powerful, but human beings are...”的并列对比结构可知，人类也是“强大的”，应用形容词“powerful”。故选B。 30．句意：只要我们尊重自然、保护环境、做好准备，我们就能与自然和谐共处，减少大自然的脾气造成的破坏。 nature自然，名词；natures自然（复数）；nature’s自然的，所有格；natural自然的，形容词。根据“caused by...temper”可知，此处表示“大自然的脾气”，应用名词所有格“nature’s”。故选C 四、 31．A 32．B 33．B 34．D 35．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国作为礼仪之邦，人们热情好客的待客之道，包括为客人准备茶水、点心、饭菜，以及夹菜等独特习俗，并指出这种热情好客是中国文化与传统的重要组成部分。 31．词句猜测题。根据“If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they would be surprised at the warmth that they would receive as guests.”可知，外国人拜访中国家庭会感受到温暖，说明“hospitable”意为“好客的、热情的”，与“Welcoming”意思相近。故选A。 32．细节理解题。根据“When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you. Then he will serve you snacks like biscuits or candy.”和“At the same time, other family members will prepare a meal for you.”可知，主人会为客人泡茶、准备点心、准备饭菜，对应①②③。故选B。 33．细节理解题。根据“The Chinese families go out of their way to make you feel at home.”可知，中国家庭为客人做很多事是为了让客人有宾至如归的感觉。故选B。 34．细节理解题。根据“Perhaps one of the things that surprises a Western guest most is that some Chinese hosts like to pick up food for visitors, which won’t happen at Western tables.”可知，西方客人惊讶是因为在西方餐桌上不会发生主人为客人夹菜的事。故选D。 35．推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍中国的待客文化与礼仪传统，这类文化普及内容可能出现在报纸上。故选D。 36．A 37．C 38．B 39．C 40．C 【导语】本文介绍了加拿大、巴西和印度三个国家不同的社交文化习俗，强调了尊重文化差异的重要性。。 36．细节理解题。根据“If a woman doesn’t want to shake hands, she can just nod and smile.”可知，如果一个加拿大女人不想握手，她会点头微笑。故选A。 37．细节理解题。根据“If a man wears gloves, he should take them off before shaking hands.”可知，加拿大男士在握手前应该脱下手套，②对应a；根据“They stand very close to each other when they speak.”可知，巴西人说话时站得很近，③对应b；根据“When you meet Indians, it is important to say hello to the oldest person first.”可知，印度人首先问候最年长的人，①对应c。故选C。 38．细节理解题。根据“And if you go to a business meeting in Brazil, you are not expected to take a present.”可知，巴西人不必带礼物去参加商务会议。故选B。 39．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章第一段引出话题，第二至第四段分别讲了三个国家的文化习俗，第五段总结全文。故文章为总—分—总结构。故选C。 40．推理判断题。根据“Here are different cultures from three countries.”可知，文章旨在介绍三个国家的文化差异。故选C。 41．D 42．G 43．E 44．A 45．C 【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍了在家如何应对自然灾害的方法。 41．根据“They have made thousands of people lose their homes. It’s very important to be ready for them.”可知，此处是过渡句，承接做好准备并引出下文的具体措施。选项D“你在家里有几件重要的事情要做。”符合语境。故选D。 42．根据“Prepare food and water.”可知，此处需要进一步说明如何准备食物和水。选项G“你应该在家里储备至少三天的食物和水。”符合语境。故选G。 43．根据“Learn to avoid (避免) risks. You should learn to protect (保护) yourself when natural disasters come.”可知，此处需要说明具体的避险动作来保护自己。选项E“迅速思考并选择安全的地方以避免受伤。”符合语境。故选E。 44．根据“Think about what you might need when disasters happen. You might need warm clothes, flashlights or plastic bags.”可知，此处是过渡句，承接保持冷静并引出下文思考所需物资的内容。选项A“准备好所需物品。”符合语境。故选A。 45．根据“Make sure that you know the phone numbers of your family members in other cities.”可知，此处需要补充计划的具体内容。选项C“计划找到其他家庭成员的方法。”符合语境。故选C。 五、 46．was shining 47．had 48．were playing 49．thought 50．walked/were walking 51．were driving 52．felt 53．sat/were sitting 54．opened 55．said 【导语】本文讲述了四个男孩逃学去踢足球，为了掩饰谎言编造了“车胎瘪了”的理由，最终被老师用巧妙的考试揭穿谎言的故事。 46．句意：那是一个美丽的春日，阳光正照耀着。前半句“was”表明句子时态为过去时，此处描述“太阳正在照耀”的状态，需用过去进行时，结构为“was/were + 现在分词”，主语“the sun”是单数，be动词用was，shine的现在分词是shining，故填was shining。 47．句意：他们计划去踢足球，尽管那天他们有一场英语考试。“有考试”是过去已经存在的安排，用一般过去时，have的过去式是had。故填had。 48．句意：男孩们正在踢足球，这时天开始下大雨。“when”引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句表示动作正在进行，需用过去进行时，主语“The boys”是复数，be动词用were，play的现在分词是playing。故填were playing。 49．句意：他们认为考试可能已经结束了，所以决定回学校。“认为”是过去的动作，用一般过去时，think的过去式是thought。故填thought。 50．句意：当他们在走廊里走的时候，他们的英语老师看到了他们。“when”引导的时间状语从句，既可以用一般过去时表示动作发生的时间点，也可以用过去进行时表示动作正在进行。故填walked/were walking。 51．句意：当我们开车去学校的时候，我的车胎瘪了，动不了了。“while”引导的时间状语从句通常用进行时，此处描述过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，主语“we”是复数，be动词用were，drive的现在分词是driving。故填were driving。 52．句意：男孩们感到非常担心，但老师笑了。“感到担心”是过去的动作，用一般过去时，feel的过去式是felt。故填felt。 53．句意：当他们坐在课桌前时，老师给了他们试卷。“when”引导的时间状语从句，既可以用一般过去时表示动作发生的时间点，也可以用过去进行时表示动作正在进行。故填sat/were sitting。 54．句意：他们打开试卷，只看到一个问题：哪个轮胎瘪了？“打开”是过去的动作，用一般过去时，open的过去式是opened。故填opened。 55．句意：他们向老师道了歉，老师说：“逃学不好，说谎也不好。”“说抱歉”是过去的动作，用一般过去时，say的过去式是said。故填said。 六、A. 56．Waterproof clothes and shoes. 57．Because they can easily get filled with water. 58．Make sure the roof isn’t leaking and drains are clear. 59．Flashlights, batteries and bottled water. 60．To help people stay safe during heavy rain. B．例文 Dear Mike, I’m writing to tell you about a heavy rainstorm that hit my city last week. It started on Wednesday afternoon and lasted for 3 hours. The streets were flooded quickly. I closed all windows at once, moved my cat to a high table, and took out the emergency kit I prepared before. I also turned on the radio to get weather updates. I learned that being prepared is really important. What about you? Have you ever experienced bad weather? Write back soon! Love, Li Hua 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了暴雨天气可能引发洪水并给生活带来麻烦，同时详细列出了暴雨期间的安全防护建议，帮助人们在暴雨来临时保障自身安全。 56．根据原文“If you have to go out, wear waterproof clothes and shoes.”可知，如果暴雨期间必须外出，应该穿防水的衣服和鞋子，故填Waterproof clothes and shoes. 57．根据原文“Low-lying places like basements can easily get filled with water.”可知，暴雨期间要避开低洼地区是因为这些地方容易积水，故填Because they can easily get filled with water. 58．根据原文“Make sure your roof is not leaking and your drains are clear to stop water from coming inside.”可知，要阻止水进入家中，需确保屋顶不漏水且排水系统通畅，故填Make sure the roof isn’t leaking and drains are clear. 59．根据原文“Keep flashlights, batteries, and bottled water at home in case the power goes out.”可知，应在家中准备手电筒、电池和瓶装水等应急物资，故填Flashlights, batteries and bottled water. 60．根据原文“Here are some tips to stay safe during heavy rain”可知，这些建议的主要目的是帮助人们在暴雨期间保持安全，故填To help people stay safe during heavy rain. 61．[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为书信作文； ②时态：主要时态为一般过去时； ③提示：围绕“上周城市遭遇的暴雨”展开，向迈克介绍暴雨的发生时间、持续时长和现场状况，讲述自己的具体应对措施，最后分享从这次经历中得到的感悟，并询问对方的相关经历，注意字数要求。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开篇点明写信目的，告知对方要讲述上周自己所在城市遭遇暴雨的经历； 第二步，介绍暴雨的基本情况，详细讲述自己的应对行动； 第三步，分享从这次暴雨经历中得到的感悟。 [亮点词汇] ①heavy rainstorm大暴雨 ②hit袭击，侵袭 ③last持续 ④flooded被水淹没 ⑤emergency kit应急包 ⑥weather updates天气最新消息 ⑦be prepared做好准备 [高分句型] ①I’m writing to tell you about a heavy rainstorm that hit my city last week.（that引导定语从句） ②I learned that being prepared is really important.（that引导宾语从句） ③I closed all windows at once, moved my cat to a high table, and took out the emergency kit I prepared before.（省略that的定语从句） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【寒假打卡计划】人教版2024八年级英语上册复习篇+八年级英语下册预习篇 专题09 预习篇之八年级下册Unit 5 Nature's Temper 第1部分 教材同步单元词汇短语 1、 根据中文释义写出对应的英文单词 1．n. 脾气；怒气 2．n. 地震 3．n. 台风 4．n. 野火 5．n. 雪暴；暴风雪 6．n. 水灾；洪水v. 泛滥；淹没 7．n. 久旱；旱灾 8．v. 警告；提醒注意 9．n. 波浪；波；挥手v. 挥手；挥舞 10．n. 海啸 11．n. 采访；面试v. 采访；对（某人）进行面试 12．adv. 可能；或许 13．n. &v. 汇报；报道 14．n. 街区；临近的地方 15．n. 屋顶；顶部 16．adv. 几乎；差不多；将近 17．n. 苦恼；困难v. 使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦 18．n. 亲戚；亲属 19．n. 卡车 20．n. 供应（量）；（pl. ）补给（品）v. 供应；供给 21．n. 准备（工作）；预备 22．n. 电力供应；能量；力量 23．adv. （睡觉）酣畅地；可靠地；完全彻底地 24．adj. 厚的；浓密的 25．v. 敲；打 （过去式 ；过去分词 ） 26．v. 躲藏；隐蔽 （过去式 ；过去分词 ） 27．n. 龙卷风；旋风 28．adj. & adv. 最坏（的）；最糟（的） 29．n. （学校的）女生 30．n. 泡；泡沫 2、 根据中文释义写出对应的英文短语 31．做家务 32．作准备 33．保安人员 34．除……之外 35．一……就…… 36．闹钟 37．醒来 38．（警报器等）突然发出巨响 39．突然；猛地 40．到……的时候 41．上气不接下气 42．因此 43．出现问题；发生故障；搞错 第二部分预习提升 一、按要求完成单词拼写 1．We should take measures to (保护) our environment from pollution. 2．Listening to the baby’s strong (心跳) made the parents feel very relieved. 3．We need more (人力) to finish this difficult project on time. 4．You should (躲藏) under a sturdy table if an earthquake happens. 5．Safety is the first thing to consider when facing a (灾难). 6．We should stay indoors during a strong (暴风雨) to keep safe. 7．The weather report gave a (警告) about the coming typhoon. 8．He (not hear) the flood warning because he was wearing headphones. 9．We (should stay) away from windows during a storm. 10．Look! The workers (repair) the road damaged by the heavy rain. 11．She (hide) in the closet when the thunderstorm hit. 12．What you (do) when the earthquake happened? 13．You (not run) outside quickly during an earthquake—it’s dangerous. 14．Tim was so (luck) that he missed the last bus and had to walk home. 15．I felt (terrible) sorry for breaking my friend’s favourite cup. 二、按要求完成句子 16．We protect ourselves by hiding under a table. (对画线部分提问) we protect ourselves? 17．The storm happened at 8:00 last night. (对画线部分提问) did the storm happen? 18．He was sleeping when the earthquake came. (改为否定句) He when the earthquake came. 19．You should stay calm during a disaster. (同义句转换) It’s important calm during a disaster. 20．They left the building quickly after the warning. (改为一般疑问句) they the building quickly after the warning? 三、语法选择 Natural disasters are unpredictable and can bring great damage to human beings. However, with proper preparation and scientific knowledge, we can minimize the risks and protect ourselves better. First, it’s necessary to learn about different types of natural disasters. We should know their characteristics, warning signs, and 21 measures. For example, before a typhoon comes, we need to close windows, store enough food and water, and 22 from low-lying areas. Knowing these basic facts can help us stay calm when disasters happen. Second, paying attention to weather forecasts and early warnings is crucial. Meteorological departments use advanced equipment to monitor weather changes and 23 warnings in time. We should check the forecasts regularly, especially during seasons when natural disasters are 24 , such as summer and autumn for typhoons. Third, having an emergency plan is essential for families. Every family should discuss and make a plan that includes meeting places, emergency contacts, and necessary supplies. It’s also important to practice the plan 25 so that everyone knows what to do in an emergency. Fourth, helping each other during and after disasters can make a big difference. When a natural disaster strikes, people in the affected areas need support. We can donate money, food, or clothing, or volunteer to help with rescue and reconstruction work. This not only helps those in need but also 26 the spirit of unity. However, even with all these preparations, we may still face unexpected situations. That’s why it’s important to stay 27 and follow the instructions of rescuers. Panic can only make things worse. We should believe that with the efforts of the government, scientists, and the whole society, we can overcome any natural disaster. In fact, facing natural disasters is also a way to test human beings’ courage and wisdom. By learning from each disaster, we can improve our prevention and response capabilities. 28 we keep improving our knowledge and skills, we will be more confident in dealing with future natural disasters. Remember, nature is powerful, but human beings are 29 . As long as we respect nature, protect the environment, and prepare well, we can live in harmony with nature and reduce the damage caused by 30 temper. 21．A．protect B．protective C．protection D．protected 22．A．stay away B．stay up C．stay on D．stay in 23．A．send out B．take out C．put out D．look out 24．A．common B．commonly C．unusual D．unusually 25．A．regular B．regularly C．irregular D．irregularly 26．A．strengthen B．strengthens C．strengthened D．strengthening 27．A．calm B．calmly C．nervous D．nervously 28．A．If B．Unless C．Though D．Because 29．A．power B．powerful C．powerless D．powerfully 30．A．nature B．natures C．nature’s D．natural 四、阅读理解 A China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪). Chinese people are among the most hospitable people in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they would be surprised at the warmth that they would receive as guests. When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you. Then he will serve you snacks like biscuits or candy. Someone in the family will also talk with you, never letting you feel lonely. At the same time, other family members will prepare a meal for you. Chinese people treat their guests with a big meal. They always prepare more food than the guests can eat. At the table, the guests must be the first to eat. Perhaps one of the things that surprises a Western guest most is that some Chinese hosts like to pick up food for visitors, which won’t happen at Western tables. The Chinese families go out of their way to make you feel at home. As you finish eating, the host usually says, “It seems that you didn’t eat much. Please have more.” Although you tell them you are full, they still put more food in your bowl. Being warm and hospitable has long been an important part of Chinese culture and tradition. As Confucius (孔子) said thousands of years ago: To meet friends from afar, how happy we are! 31．What does the underlined word “hospitable” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Welcoming. B．Hard-working. C．Creative. D．Nervous. 32．What will the host probably do for you when you visit a Chinese family? ①Make tea.  ②Prepare a meal.  ③Serve some snacks.   ④Have a party. A．①②④ B．①②③ C．①③④ D．②③④ 33．Why do Chinese families do so much for their guests? A．To show their wealth (财富). B．To make the guests feel at home. C．To make the guests feel uncomfortable. D．To show they know much about the guests. 34．Why does a Western visitor feel surprised when the host picks up food for him? A．Because it makes him happy. B．Because he thinks it’s not necessary. C．Because he thinks it’s not polite. D．Because it won’t happen in Western countries. 35．Where may we see the passage? A．In a diary. B．In a storybook. C．In a dictionary. D．In a newspaper. B Nowadays more and more people like to have a trip around the world. In order to have a wonderful trip, it is necessary for them to know what to do in different countries and how to deal with cultural differences. Here are different cultures from three countries. Canadians are easy to get along with and they usually say hello to each other even if they are strangers. When men and women meet, women usually hold out their hands first. If a woman doesn’t want to shake hands, she can just nod and smile. If a man wears gloves, he should take them off before shaking hands. Brazilians (巴西人) are very friendly and they always get ready to say hello to others. They stand very close to each other when they speak and may touch each other’s arms or backs. And if you go to a business meeting in Brazil, you are not expected to take a present. When you meet Indians, it is important to say hello to the oldest person first. But you’d better not hold out your left hand when you say hello, because it is impolite. Also, many Indians are enthusiastic (热情的) and they like to say hello actively and have a conversation with you when you travel in India. Different countries have different cultures. No matter where we go, we should respect the cultures there. 36．What will a Canadian woman do if she doesn’t want to shake hands? A．Nod and smile. B．Say hello to others. C．Touch others’ arms. D．Wear a pair of gloves. 37．Match the countries with the customs and choose the right answer. ①India     a. Men take off gloves before shaking hands. ②Canada    b. People stand very close when speaking. ③Brazil    c. Greet the oldest person first. A．①-c; ②-b; ③-a B．①-b; ②-c; ③-a C．①-c; ②-a; ③-b D．①-a; ②-c; ③-b 38．What can we learn from the passage? A．Women in India usually hold out their hands first. B．People in Brazil needn’t take a gift to a business meeting. C．Men in India usually hold out their left hand to say hello. D．People in Brazil don’t often touch each other when speaking. 39．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 40．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To teach people how to be polite. B．To make more people enjoy traveling. C．To introduce different cultures from three countries. D．To show the importance of knowing different cultures. C Natural disasters like fires can happen everywhere. They have made thousands of people lose their homes. It’s very important to be ready for them. 41 Prepare food and water. 42 Choose food that can be kept for a long time and eaten without cooking. And be sure to keep lots of water. Learn to avoid (避免) risks. You should learn to protect (保护) yourself when natural disasters come. 43 Stay cool first. Whatever happens, the first thing you should do is to stay cool. 44 Think about what you might need when disasters happen. You might need warm clothes, flashlights or plastic bags. Make a plan. Plan what you will do when you need to move away from your home. 45 Make sure that you know the phone numbers of your family members in other cities. A．Prepare for things needed. B．It’s important for you to take action. C．Plan a way to find other family members. D．There are several important things you should do at home. E．Quickly think and choose the safe places to avoid being hurt. F．If you are saved, return to your home only after you’re allowed. G．You should keep enough food and water for at least three days in your house. 五、短文填空 It was a beautiful spring day and the sun 46 (shine). Four boys decided not to go to school during the morning. They planned to play football, although they 47 (have) an English exam that day. The boys 48 (play) football when it started to rain heavily. They 49 (think) the exam was probably over so they decided to go back to school. When they 50 (walk) in the hallway, their English teacher saw them. “Why did you miss the exam today?” she asked. A boy answered her with a lie (谎话). “While we 51 (drive) to school, my car had a flat tire (瘪了的轮胎) and it couldn’t move.” “OK,” the teacher said. “Then you can take the exam now.” The boys 52 (feel) very worried, but the teacher smiled. “Oh, don’t worry! It will be easy!” she told them. When they 53 (sit) at their desks, the teacher gave them the exam papers. They 54 (open) the papers and saw only one question: Which tire was flat? As a result, they had different answers. They 55 (say) sorry to the teacher and the teacher said, “It’s not good to miss school and it’s not good to tell a lie, either.” 六、读写综合 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。 Heavy rain can cause floods and bring trouble to our lives. Here are some tips to stay safe during heavy rain: 1.Stay indoors: Don’t go outside unless it’s necessary. If you have to go out, wear waterproof clothes and shoes. 2.Avoid low-lying areas: Don’t walk or drive through flooded streets. Low-lying places like basements can easily get filled with water. 3.Check your home: Make sure your roof is not leaking and your drains are clear to stop water from coming inside. 4.Prepare emergency supplies: Keep flashlights, batteries, and bottled water at home in case the power goes out. Following these tips can help you stay safe when heavy rain comes! 56．What should you wear if you have to go out during heavy rain? 57．Why should you avoid low-lying areas during heavy rain? 58．What can you do to stop water from coming into your home? 59．What emergency supplies should you keep at home? 60．What is the main purpose of these tips? B．书面表达 请根据要求完成短文写作。 61．你是李华，上周你所在的城市经历了一次暴雨，你成功按照学到的安全知识保护了自己和家里的宠物。请给你的笔友Mike写一封信，讲述这次经历。内容包括： (1) 暴雨发生的时间和情况； (2) 你采取的安全措施； (3) 这次经历让你学到的道理。 作文要求： (1) 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现真实校名、地名和考生的真实姓名。 (2) 语句连贯，词数60左右。作文的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Mike, I’m writing to tell you about a heavy rainstorm that hit my city last week. I learned that being prepared is really important. What about you? Have you ever experienced bad weather? Write back soon! Love, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $