专题08 预习篇之八年级下册Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature-【寒假打卡计划】人教版八年级英语上册复习篇+八年级英语下册预习篇

【寒假打卡计划】人教版2024八年级英语上册复习篇+八年级英语下册预习篇 专题08 预习篇之八年级下册Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 第1部分 教材同步单元词汇短语 一、根据中文释义写出对应的英文单词 1．n. 肩膀；肩部 2．n. 梯子；阶梯；途径 3．v. 测量；量度为n. 措施；度量单位 4．adv. 成功地；顺利地 5．v. 使……冒风险（或面临危险）n. 危险；风险 6．n. 好奇心；求知欲 7．n. 追求的目标；野心；雄心 8．n. 探险者；勘探者 9．adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 10．adj. 有危险（或风险）的 11．adj. 南部的；向南的 12．adj. 位于；坐落在 13．adj. 淡水的；淡水中生长的 14．n. 类型；种类 15．v. 吸引；招引；引起（反应） 16．adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 17．n. 旅行者；游客 （= ） 18．adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的 19．adj. 水下的；用于水下的adv. 在水下 20．adj. 东北的；东北方向的 21．n. 海岸；海滨 22．n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫 23．n. 礁；礁脉 24．v. 包含；包括 25．n. 沙子 26．adj. 活着；在世；有活力 27．n. 结构（体）；构造；体系 28．v. 使用呼吸管潜泳；n. （浮潜用的）呼吸管 29．n. （鱼、鲸、海豚等的）群 30．n. 海龟；龟 31．n. 一生；终身 参考答案 1．shoulder 2．ladder 3．measure 4．successfully 5．risk 6．curiosity 7．ambition 8．explorer 9．simply 10．risky 11．southern 12．located 13．freshwater 14．type 15．attract 16．curious 17． traveller traveler 18．natural 19．underwater 20．northeastern 21．coast 22．coral 23．reef 24．include 25．sand 26．alive 27．structure 28．snorkel 29．school 30．turtle 31．lifetime 二、翻译短语 32．地理事实 33．母亲河 34．最深点 35．神奇的经历 36．稀薄的空气 37．冒着生命危险 38．盐湖 39．清澈的水 40．做笔记 41．著名地点 42．平方千米 43．顺便说 44．多变的天气 45．成群的彩色鱼 46．种类最多的动植物 参考答案 32．geography facts 33．mother river 34．the deepest point 35．magical experience 36．thin air 37．risk one’s life 38．salt lake 39．clear water 40．make notes/take notes 41．famous places 42．square kilometers 43．by the way 44．changeable weather 45．schools of colourful fish 46．the largest variety of plants and animals 第二部分预习提升 一、单项选择 1．—Could you tell me ________ it took for the ancient rock formations to take shape? —It’s estimated to be over 10 million years. A．how far B．how long C．how often D．how soon 2．He told his teammates that he ________ the rare plant species in the rainforest the following month. A．will search for B．searches for C．would search for D．has searched for 3．“We have never encountered such a spectacular natural wonder,” they exclaimed. They exclaimed that they ________ never ________ such a spectacular natural wonder. A．have; encountered B．had; encountered C．were; encountering D．would; encounter 4．I doubt ________ the newly found cave is safe for tourists to visit without professional guidance. A．that B．if C．what D．which 5．I’m curious ________ the Northern Lights usually appear in the polar regions. A．why B．that C．which D．who 6．The Sahara Desert is ________ in the world, and covers a huge area of land. A．the biggest desert B．the deepest point C．the highest place D．the longest river 7．—Do you know where the Dead Sea is? —Yes, it’s a famous salt lake ________ the Jordan Valley. A．located in B．connected with C．famous for D．close to 8．The Yangtze River ________ among all the rivers in China and it’s our mother river. A．grows taller B．flows the farthest C．runs the fastest D．is the widest 9．When we stood on the mountain top, the beautiful scenery was spread out ________. A．right before our eyes B．as far as the eye could see C．bit by bit D．by the way 10．Many scientists ________ to study the deep sea and find many unusual sea animals. A．do research B．make notes C．give a report D．design a poster 11．The Mariana Trench is the ________ in the world, even whales can’t reach its bottom easily. A．deepest point B．highest cliff C．largest desert D．longest trench 12．We need to ________ the details of the natural wonders when we do a project about them. A．note down B．pay attention to C．connect with D．look for 13．Mountain climbers ________ when they climb Qomolangma because of the thin air and changeable weather. A．risk their lives B．reach the top C．measure the height D．clear the air 14．_______ the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, China has many other beautiful rivers and lakes. A．As well as B．By the way C．In the future D．That way 15．When the water flows down from the top of Victoria Falls, it will ______ the rocks below quickly. A．rush past B．jump into C．fall off D．calm down 16．—We cleaned the house from top to ________before the guests arrived. —Wow, that was a deep clean! A．corner B．peak C．bottom D．door 17．—I ________ if you could help me carry these boxes. —Of course! A．wonder B．remain C．worry D．agree 18．—The town experienced ________ weather last month, with snow in late spring. —Very strange. A．simple B．common C．similar D．unusual 19．—The students worked out the difficult maths problem ________ through teamwork. —Great job! A．carelessly B．successfully C．hardly D．slowly 20．A group of ________ met a sudden snowstorm on their way up the mountain. A．swimmers B．drivers C．painters D．climbers 二、根据要求完成单词拼写 21．Besides, I can also take a look at the (瀑布) there. 22．The Chinese (文明) is one of the oldest in the world. 23．Television is an effective (方式，途径) of communication. 24．I waited for them at the (底部，最下部) of the hill. 25．It’s (不寻常的，特别的) for the trees to flower so early. 26．We suddenly saw a (大船，轮船) in the fog when we woke up in the morning. 27．Professor Tu Youyou never stops doing (研究，调查) on Chinese medicine. 28．When you (潜水，跳水，俯冲), you must keep your legs straight. 29．—What’s the (深度，纵深) of the water here? —About 3 metres. 30．Hundreds of dead fish can be seen on the (表面，表层) of the water because of water pollution. 31．The (nature) scenery in Guilin attracts millions of visitors every year. 32．She felt a sense of (achieve) after climbing the highest mountain in her country. 33．We need to (protection) the natural wonders so that future generations can see them. 34．The (beautiful) of the sunset over the sea is beyond words. 35．The (high) of Mount Qomolangma is 8848.86 meters above sea level. 36．He is (interest) in studying the formation of caves and canyons. 37．The (silent) in the deep forest was broken only by the sound of birds singing. 38．The government has taken measures to prevent (pollute) of the natural lakes. 39．It’s (danger) to walk on the icy path near the cliff. 40．The (discover) of a new waterfall in the mountain area excited all the locals. 三、翻译句子 41．死海位于海平面以下430米，是地球陆地上的最低点。 At 430 meters , the Dead Sea is Earth’s lowest point on land. 42．尼罗河和黄河都帮助了古代文明的发展。 Both the Nile and the Yellow River helped to develop. 43．我们应该竭尽全力保护他们。 We should protect them . 44．对大多数人来说，珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最伟大的奇观之一。 To most people, Mount Qomolangma is of the world. 45．这是因为人类的好奇心与雄心永无止境。 It is because human and cannot . 46．它是世界上最深的淡水湖。 It is the in the world. 47．如今，这座湖泊依然吸引着许多充满好奇的游客。 Today, the lake still many . 48．当你探访这里时，会看到地球上最大的活体生物结构。 If you visit it, you will see the on Earth. 49．对于热爱海洋的人来说，游览大堡礁堪称一生难求的梦想！ For people , visiting the Great Barrier Reef is the ! 50．首先，它能提高学生的写作能力。 , it can improve students’ writing abilities. 4、 阅读理解 A Here are four famous rivers. Let’s have a look! Length: about 6,650 km Location: Sudan, Egypt The Nile River is the longest river in the world. It’s known for being the lifeblood (命脉) of Ancient Egypt. This river is famous because it was important in Ancient Egypt. Also, the Nile River is important for farming, transportation (交通) and drinking water. Length: about 2,525 km Location: India Though it isn’t the largest river in Asia, the Ganges River is still well-known. This river provides millions of people with water for farming. There are nearly 150 species of fish living there today. Other animals also live in and around it, like snakes and various insects. Length: about 650 km Location: Australia You may not have ever heard of the Finke River. It’s not very long and it doesn’t even flow all the time. However, scientists have considered (认为) it as the oldest river in the world. That’s the reason why this river is well-known! Length: about 6,400 km Location: Peru, Colombia, Brazil The Amazon River is the second-longest river in the world. But it has the largest discharge (流量) in the world, up to 219,000 m3 per second! The Congo River, with the second largest discharge, has only 20% of its discharge! The Amazon River is also well- known for having no bridges crossing it. 51．Which river is the longest one in the world according to the passage? A．The Ganges River. B．The Nile River. C．The Amazon River. D．The Finke River. 52．What is the Ganges River famous for? A．Providing water for farming and supporting many living things B．Being the oldest river in the world C．Having the largest discharge in the world D．Being the lifeblood of Ancient India 53．Why is the Finke River well-known? A．It flows all year round in Australia. B．It is the longest river in Australia. C．It is considered the world’s oldest river. D．It has many rare fish and insects. 54．What can we know about the Amazon River? A．It is the longest river in South America. B．Its discharge is 20% of the Congo River’s. C．There are many famous bridges over it. D．It runs through Sudan and Egypt. 55．Where is the passage most probably from? A．A maths book. B．A history story. C．A travel magazine. D．An English book. B The Dead Sea is one of the most unusual and fascinating natural places on our planet. Unlike common seas that teem with fish and sea plants, it has almost no living things. This is why its name the “Dead Sea” comes from. Geographically, it is located between Jordan (约旦) and Israel (以色列), in the dry part of the Middle East. It’s surrounded by rocky hills. That adds to its unique landscape. Covering an area of about 605 square kilometers, the Dead Sea’s size isn’t always the same. It changes slightly each year. This is mainly because of changes in rainfall; less rain means less water flowing into the sea. And also because towns and farms near it need more and more water. It is about 1,000 feet (英尺) deep. The deepest part of the Dead Sea is about 1,300 feet, making it one of the deepest salty lakes in the world. The Dead Sea has a high salt level, about 8 times saltier than the ocean. This high salt content (高盐分含量) creates strong buoyancy (浮力), letting people float (漂浮) easily on its surface even if they can’t swim. For many years, this special character has attracted millions of visitors from all over the world. Some come to experience the fun of floating. Sadly, the Dead Sea is facing a big problem: It is becoming smaller and smaller. Every year, its surface level drops a little. Protecting this natural wonder has become more important than ever. 56．Where is the Dead Sea located? A．Between Jordan and Israel. B．Between China and Japan. C．Between Canada and the US. D．Between France and Germany. 57．What is the size of the Dead Sea covering? A．About 605 square kilometers. B．About 1,000 square kilometers. C．About 1,300 square kilometers. D．About 1,500 square kilometers. 58．Why can people float easily on the Dead Sea? A．Because it kills people. B．Because it holds dead people. C．Because it has many plants in the water. D．Because it has a surprisingly high salt level. 59．Why do many visitors come to the Dead Sea? A．To fish in its water. B．To grow plants. C．To float and relax. D．To protect the Dead Sea. 60．What is the best title for the passage? A．The location of the Dead Sea B．The reasons for people floating C．The ways to protect the Dead Sea D．Knowing about the Dead Sea 五、选词填空 and   amazing   explore   enjoy   have   include   natural   simply   shock   through One summer, my family went on a journey and saw some of the 61 sights in America. Our favourite place was Niagara Falls. It 62 three different waterfalls: Horseshoe Falls, Bridal Veil Falls 63 American Falls. They go into the Niagara River and form a 64 boundary between the United States and Canada. There are several different ways to see the powerful waters: on foot, by boat or by air. On the first night, we walked 65 Niagara Forest to American Falls. We could 66 hear the loud sound of the water clearly before we reached the falls. During our following tour, the falling water 67 us when we were standing just six metres away from Bridal Veil Falls. It was a perfect place to 68 the power of the falls. In fact, we haven’t travelled for two years. Now I’m looking forward to 69 a wonderful trip. There is so much to see in the world. We will continue our journey of 70 the world. 六、书面表达 71．校报的World Facts栏目正在征稿。假如你想投稿介绍我国著名的京杭大运河，你从网上查阅到以下信息。请你根据这些信息，写一篇词数不少于80的英文稿。 ·南起杭州，北至北京，全长近1800公里，是世界上最长的人工运河； ·始建于春秋时期，拥有2500多年历史 (是世界上最古老的运河)，历史上主要用于运输货物，大大促进了沿线城市的发展； ·如今还是旅游胜地。 The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is the longest man-made canal in the world. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Grand Canal is a valuable heritage passed down to us by our ancestors. We should protect it well. 参考答案 1．B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我这些古老的岩层历经了多久才形成的吗？——据估计超过1000万年。 考查疑问副词短语辨析。how far多远，询问距离；how long多久/多长，询问时长或物体长度；how often多久一次，询问频率；how soon多久之后。答句“It’s estimated to be over 10 million years.”表示时间长度，故此处询问的是形成这些岩石所花费的时间。故选B。 2．C 【详解】句意：他告诉队友们，他将在下个月搜寻雨林中的稀有植物物种。 考查宾语从句的时态。will search for将搜寻，一般将来时；searches for搜寻，一般现在时；would search for将搜寻，过去将来时；has searched for已经搜寻，现在完成时。根据宾语从句时态的“主过从必过”原则，主句动词“told”是过去时，且从句时间状语“the following month”是将来的时间（从过去看将来），故宾语从句应用过去将来时would search for。故选C。 3．B 【详解】句意：“我们从未见过如此壮观的自然奇观，”他们惊叹道。他们惊叹说他们从未见过如此壮观的自然奇观。 考查间接引语中的时态变化。直接引语中的“have never encountered”为现在完成时，在转述为间接引语时，若主句动词为过去时（如exclaimed），则从句时态需相应的过去时态，所以现在完成时应改为过去完成时。故选B。 4．B 【详解】句意：我怀疑这个新发现的洞穴在没有专业指导的情况下对游客来说是否安全。 考查宾语从句引导词辨析。that无实义，仅起连接作用；if是否；what什么；which哪一个。主句动词为“doubt”，在肯定句中表示“怀疑、不确定”时，其后宾语从句常用“if”或“whether”引导，表示“是否”；根据句意，此处表达“不确定是否安全”，应选用“if”。故选B。 5．A 【详解】句意：我很好奇为什么北极光通常出现在极地地区。 考查宾语从句。why为什么；that无实义，仅起引导作用；which哪一个；who谁。主句“I’m curious...the Northern Lights usually appear in the polar regions”可知，应是好奇为什么北极光出现在极地地区，选择表示原因的引导词“why”。故选A。 6．A 【详解】句意：撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠，它覆盖了广阔的陆地。 考查名词辨析。the biggest desert最大的沙漠；the deepest point最深处；the highest place最高的地方；the longest river最长的河流。根据“The Sahara Desert”和“covers a huge area of land”可知，撒哈拉沙漠是沙漠，且强调其面积巨大，因此应选择“最大的沙漠”。故选A。 7．A 【详解】句意：——你知道死海在哪里吗？——知道，它是约旦河谷中一个著名的盐湖。 考查短语辨析。located in位于；connected with与……相连；famous for因……而闻名；close to靠近。根据常识，死海位于约旦河谷，且“located in”表示“位于……”，符合地理位置的描述。故选A。 8．B 【详解】句意：长江在中国所有河流中流程最长，它是我们的母亲河。 考查最高级。grows taller长得更高；flows the farthest流得最远，流程最长；runs the fastest流速最快；is the widest是最宽的。根据常识，长江是中国最长的河流，而“flows the farthest”更符合河流的地理特征。故选B。 9．B 【详解】句意：当我们站在山顶时，美丽的景色尽收眼底。 考查固定短语辨析。right before our eyes就在我们眼前；as far as the eye could see目之所及，一望无际；bit by bit一点一点地；by the way顺便说一下。根据“stood on the mountain top”和“the beautiful scenery”可知，站在山顶看到的景色应是广阔无垠的，强调视野的开阔，因此“目之所及”最符合语境。故选B。 10．A 【详解】句意：许多科学家做研究来探索深海并发现许多不寻常的海洋动物。 考查动词短语辨析。do research做研究；make notes做笔记；give a report做报告；design a poster设计海报。根据“to study the deep sea”可知，科学家们是通过“做研究”来探索深海。故选A。 11．A 【详解】句意：马里亚纳海沟是世界上最深的地方，甚至鲸鱼也难以到达其底部。 考查名词短语辨析。deepest point最深的地方；highest cliff最高的悬崖；largest desert最大的沙漠；longest trench最长的海沟。根据“The Mariana Trench is the...in the world”以及常识可知，马里亚纳海沟以深度闻名，且后半句提到“鲸鱼也难以到达其底部”，进一步强调其深度。故选A。 12．A 【详解】句意：当我们做一个关于自然奇观的项目时，我们需要记下它们的细节。 考查动词短语辨析。note down记下；pay attention to注意；connect with和……联系；look for寻找。根据“the details of the natural wonders”和“do a project”可知，做项目时需要记录细节以便后续使用。故选A。 13．A 【详解】句意：登山者在攀登珠穆朗玛峰时冒着生命危险，因为空气稀薄且天气多变。 考查动词短语辨析。risk their lives冒着生命危险；reach the top到达顶峰；measure the height测量高度；clear the air净化空气。根据“because of the thin air and changeable weather”（因为空气稀薄且天气多变）可知，攀登珠峰非常危险，因此登山者是在“冒着生命危险”。故选A。 14．A 【详解】句意：除了黄河和长江，中国还有许多其他美丽的河流和湖泊。 考查短语辨析。As well as除了……还有；By the way顺便说一下；In the future今后；That way那样。根据句意，此处表示“除了黄河和长江之外，中国还有……”，表示包含性的补充，应用as well as。故选A。 15．A 【详解】句意：当水流从维多利亚瀑布顶部流下时，它会快速冲过下方的岩石。 考查动词短语辨析。rush past冲过；jump into跳入；fall off跌落；calm down平静下来。根据“the water flows down from the top”和“the rocks below quickly”可知，水流从高处落下会快速冲过下方的岩石，强调水流急速经过的状态。故选A。 16．C 【详解】句意：——在客人到来之前，我们把房子从上到下彻底打扫了一遍。——哇，那真是深度清洁！ 考查名词辨析。corner角落；peak顶峰；bottom底部；door门。由“from top to”可知，“from top to bottom”表示从上到下，彻底地，此处表示彻底打扫。故选C。 17．A 【详解】句意：——我想知道你是否能帮我搬这些箱子。——当然可以！ 考查动词辨析。wonder想知道；remain保持；worry担心；agree同意。根据“if you could help me”可知，此处是礼貌地请求帮助的常用表达“I wonder if...”，意为“我想知道你是否能……”。故选A。 18．D 【详解】句意：——这个镇上个月经历了不寻常的天气，晚春还下了雪。——真奇怪。 考查形容词辨析。simple简单的；common常见的；similar相似的；unusual不寻常的。根据答语“Very strange.”（真奇怪）可知，晚春下雪是反常现象，因此天气应是不寻常的。故选D。 19．B 【详解】句意：——学生们通过团队合作成功地解出了那道数学难题。——干得漂亮！ 考查副词辨析。carelessly粗心地；successfully成功地；hardly几乎不；slowly缓慢地。根据答语“Great job!”可知，解出难题是成功的，因此应选“成功地”。故选B。 20．D 【详解】句意：一群登山者在上山途中遇到了突如其来的暴风雪。 考查名词辨析。swimmers游泳者；drivers司机；painters画家；climbers登山者。根据“on their way up the mountain”可知，在上山途中遇到暴风雪的应该是登山者。故选D。 21．waterfall 【详解】句意：另外，我也可以去看看那里的瀑布。“瀑布”的英文为 waterfall，可数名词，空格前有定冠词“the”，且语境中特指“那里的瀑布”，因此用单数形式waterfall​即可。故填waterfall。 22．civilization 【详解】句意：中华文明是世界上最古老的文明之一。根据汉语提示可知，此处应填civilization，是名词。故填civilization。 23．means 【详解】句意：电视是一种有效的交流方式。根据汉语提示可知，means“方式，途径”，单复同型，此处用单数形式，因为means前面有an修饰。故填means。 24．bottom 【详解】句意：我在山脚下等他们。根据提示可知，“底部，最下部”的英文是bottom；at the bottom of为固定搭配，意为“在…… 的底部/脚下”，故填bottom。 25．unusual 【详解】句意：这些树这么早开花是不寻常的。根据汉语提示可知，unusual“不寻常的，特别的”，形容词作表语。故填unusual。 26．vessel/ship 【详解】句意：我们早上醒来时，突然在雾中看到了一艘大船。根据提示可知，“大船，轮船”的英文是vessel/ship；句中有不定冠词a，后接可数名词单数，故填vessel/ship。 27．research 【详解】句意：屠呦呦教授从未停止对中药的研究。根据汉语提示可知，research意为“研究，调查”，do research on sth是固定搭配，表示“对某事进行研究”。故填research。 28．dive 【详解】句意：当你潜水时，你必须保持双腿伸直。根据汉语提示可知，dive“潜水，跳水，俯冲”，动词；when引导的时间状语从句，主句用情态动词加动词原形表建议，从句用一般现在时，主语是you，动词用原形。故填dive。 29．depth 【详解】句意：——这里的水有多深？——大约3米。根据提示可知，“深度，纵深”的英文是depth；定冠词the后需要接名词，且此处表抽象概念，为不可数名词，故填depth。 30．surface 【详解】句意：因为水污染，数百条死鱼可以在水的表面被看到。根据“Hundreds of dead fish can be seen on the...of the water because of water pollution.”以及汉语提示可知，此处需要表达“表面，表层”的含义，surface“表面，表层”，名词，“on the surface of…”是固定搭配，意为“在……的表面上”。故填surface。 31．natural 【详解】句意：桂林的自然景色每年吸引数以百万计的游客。nature“自然”，是名词，此处修饰名词scenery，用形容词natural“自然的”。故填natural。 32．achievement 【详解】句意：她爬上自己国家最高的山峰后，感到了一种成就感。根据“a sense of”以及提示词可知，此处指“一种成就感”，空前为介词of，空处应用名词achievement“成就”作宾语。故填achievement。 33．protect 【详解】句意：我们需要保护自然奇观，以便后代能够看到它们。need to do sth.“需要做某事”，是固定搭配，用动词protect“保护”。故填protect。 34．beauty 【详解】句意：海上日落的美难以用言语形容。根据“The...of the sunset over the sea is beyond words.”这个句子结构，定冠词The后面需要接名词，而括号内的beautiful形容词，意为“美丽的”，其对应的名词形式是beauty，表示“美丽；美景”。故填beauty。   35．height 【详解】句意：珠穆朗玛峰的海拔高度为8848.86米。high“高的”，形容词，根据“The...of Mount Qomolangma is 8848.86 meters above sea level.”可知，此处指珠穆朗玛峰的海拔高度，应用名词，high的名词为height。故填height。 36．interested 【详解】句意：他对研究洞穴和峡谷的形成很感兴趣。“be interested in”表示“对……感兴趣”，固定短语，故填interested。 37．silence 【详解】句意：幽深森林里的寂静仅被鸟鸣声打破。空格前有定冠词The，空格后为介词短语“in the deep forest”，因此此处需要名词作主语。silent寂静的，为形容词，不能直接作主语。其名词形式为silence，意为“寂静”。故填silence。 38．pollution 【详解】句意：政府已采取措施以防止自然湖泊受到污染。动词prevent后需接名词作宾语，pollute是动词，其名词形式为pollution“污染”，不可数名词。故填pollution。 39．dangerous 【详解】句意：在悬崖附近结冰的小路上行走是危险的。danger“危险”，It’s+形容词+to do sth“做某事是……的”，固定用法，此处应用danger的形容词形式dangerous。故填dangerous。 40．discovery 【详解】句意：在山区发现了一个新瀑布的消息让所有当地人都很兴奋。discover“发现”，动词；空格前有定冠词“The”，此处需用名词形式discovery“发现”，作主语。故填discovery。 41． below sea level 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“海平面以下”。“海平面以下”的英文表达为below sea level，这是固定搭配。故填below；sea；level。 42． ancient civilizations 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“古代”和“文明”。ancient“古代的”，形容词作定语修饰名词；civilization“文明”，此处表示古代文明，用复数形式civilizations。故填ancient；civilizations。 43． by all means 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“竭尽全力”，“竭尽全力” 常用固定短语为by all means。故填by；all；means。 44． one of the greatest wonders 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“最伟大的奇观之一”。该表达属于“one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词”的固定句型，意为“……中最……的之一”。“最伟大的”用最高级the greatest，“奇观”用复数wonders，“之一”用one of引导。故填one；of；the；greatest；wonders。 45． curiosity ambition be stopped 【详解】句子表达的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时。“好奇心”curiosity，“雄心”ambition，这两个词都是不可数名词，在句中作主语；“永无止境”cannot be stopped，情态动词后接动词原形。故填curiosity；ambition；be；stopped。 46． deepest freshwater lake 【详解】根据题干描述可知，此处需补充“最深的淡水湖”的英文表达。最深的deepest；淡水湖freshwater lake。故填deepest；freshwater；lake。 47． attracts curious travellers 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“吸引”和“充满好奇的游客”。attract“吸引”，是动词，根据“Today”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语是the lake still，所以谓语用动词三单形式attracts；curious“好奇的，充满好奇的”，是形容词，此处作定语；traveller“游客”，是可数名词，many后接可数名词复数形式travellers。故填attracts；curious；travellers。 48． largest living structure 【详解】此处缺少形容词最高级largest修饰名词，活体living作定语，结构structure为被修饰的核心名词。故填largest；living；structure。 49． who/that love the ocean dream of a lifetime 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“热爱海洋的”和“一生难求的梦想”。“热爱海洋的”的英文表达为who/that love the ocean，先行词people指人，定语从句的引导词可以用who或that；“一生难求的梦想”的英文表达为dream of a lifetime，用来描述游览大堡礁的感受。故填who/that；love；the；ocean；dream；of；a；lifetime。 50． Above all 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“首先”。Above all“首先，最重要的是”，固定短语，句首首字母大写。故填Above all。 51．B 52．A 53．C 54．A 55．C 【导语】本文介绍了世界上四条著名河流的长度、位置及特点。 51．细节理解题。根据“The Nile River is the longest river in the world”可知，尼罗河是世界最长河流。故选B。 52．细节理解题。根据“Though it isn’t the largest river in Asia, the Ganges River is still well-known. This river provides millions of people with water for farming. There are nearly 150 species of fish living there today. Other animals also live in and around it, like snakes and various insects.”可知，恒河为农业提供水源，且拥有丰富的生物多样性。故选A。 53．细节理解题。根据“However, scientists have considered (认为) it as the oldest river in the world. That’s the reason why this river is well-known!”可知，芬克河被认为是世界上最古老的河流，这是它出名的原因。故选C。 54．推理判断题。根据“Length: about 6,400 km Location: Peru, Colombia, Brazil The Amazon River is the second-longest river in the world. But it has the largest discharge (流量) in the world, up to 219,000 m3 per second!”可知，亚马逊河位于南美洲，是世界上第二长河，且流量世界第一，刚果河流量仅为它的20%，由此可推测，亚马逊河应是南美洲里最长的河流。故选A。 55．推理判断题。文章介绍了不同河流的位置、特点，这类内容最可能出现在旅行杂志中。故选C。 56．A 57．A 58．D 59．C 60．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了死海的地理位置、面积规模、高盐度的特点以及它目前面临的面积缩小问题，展现了这一自然奇观的独特之处与现状。 56．细节理解题。根据文中“Geographically, it is located between Jordan (约旦) and Israel (以色列), in the dry part of the Middle East.”可知，死海位于约旦和以色列之间。故选A。 57．细节理解题。根据文中“Covering an area of about 605 square kilometers, the Dead Sea’s size isn’t always the same.”可知，死海的面积约为605平方千米。故选A。 58．细节理解题。根据文中“The Dead Sea has a high salt level, about 8 times saltier than the ocean. This high salt content (高盐分含量) creates strong buoyancy (浮力), letting people float (漂浮) easily on its surface even if they can’t swim.”可知，死海极高的含盐量产生了强大的浮力，所以人们能轻松漂浮。故选D。 59．细节理解题。根据文中“For many years, this special character has attracted millions of visitors from all over the world. Some come to experience the fun of floating.”可知，游客来死海是为了体验漂浮的乐趣、放松身心。故选C。 60．最佳标题题。通读全文，文章依次介绍了死海的位置、面积、高盐度特点以及面临的问题，整体是对死海的全面介绍。D选项“了解死海”能概括全文内容。故选D。 61．amazing 62．includes 63．and 64．natural 65．through 66．simply 67．shocked 68．enjoy 69．having 70．exploring 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家在夏天游览美国自然奇观尼亚加拉瀑布的经历，描述了瀑布的构成、不同的观赏方式以及亲身体验其壮丽与力量的感受，并表达了作者对未来继续探索世界的期待。 61．句意：一个夏天，我们一家人去旅行，看到了美国一些令人惊叹的景色。根据“saw some of the...sights in America”及备选词可知，此处表示“令人惊叹的”，修饰名词sights。amazing符合语境。故填amazing。 62．句意：它包含三个不同的瀑布：马蹄瀑布、新娘面纱瀑布和美国瀑布。根据“It...three different waterfalls”及备选词可知，此处表示“包含”，句子描述客观事实，主语It为第三人称单数。include符合语境，其第三人称单数形式为includes。故填includes。 63．句意：它包含三个不同的瀑布：马蹄瀑布、新娘面纱瀑布和美国瀑布。根据“Horseshoe Falls, Bridal Veil Falls...American Falls”及备选词可知，此处连接并列的三个瀑布名称。and符合语境。故填and。 64．句意：它们汇入尼亚加拉河，形成了美国和加拿大之间的一条天然边界。根据“form a...boundary between the United States and Canada”及备选词可知，此处表示“天然的”，修饰名词boundary。natural符合语境。故填natural。 65．句意：第一天晚上，我们徒步穿过了尼亚加拉森林到达美国瀑布。根据“we walked...Niagara Forest to American Falls”及备选词可知，此处表示“穿过”，后接地点名词。through符合语境。故填through。 66．句意：在我们到达瀑布之前，我们就能清晰地听到震耳欲聋的水声吗？根据“We could...hear the loud sound of the water clearly”及备选词可知，此处表示“仅仅，简直”，修饰动词hear。simply符合语境。故填simply。 67．句意：在接下来的游览中，当我们站在距离新娘面纱瀑布仅六米远的地方时，飞流直下的水震撼了我们。根据“the falling water...us when we were standing”及备选词可知，此处表示“使……震惊”，描述过去事件。shock符合语境，其过去式为shocked。故填shocked。 68．句意：那是一个享受瀑布力量的绝佳地点。根据“a perfect place to...the power of the falls”及备选词可知，此处表示“享受”，不定式to后接动词原形。enjoy符合语境。故填enjoy。 69．句意：现在我正期待有一次美妙的旅行。根据“I’m looking forward to...a wonderful trip”及备选词可知，此处表示“有”，look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”。have符合语境，其动名词形式为having。故填having。 70．句意：我们将继续我们探索世界的旅程。根据“our journey of...the world”及备选词可知，此处表示“探索”，介词of后接动名词。explore符合语境，其动名词形式为exploring。故填exploring。 71．例文 The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is the longest man-made canal in the world. It starts from Hangzhou and ends in Beijing, running almost 1,800 kilometers. People started building it over 2,500 years ago during the Spring and Autumn Period, making it the world’s oldest canal. The canal played a great role in the development of the cities in the canal line area. It helped transport food, silk and other things. Today, the government also turns parts of the canal into great places for tourists to enjoy the beautiful scenes and experience Chinese culture. The Grand Canal is a valuable heritage passed down to us by our ancestors. We should protect it well. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态以“一般现在时”为主，涉及历史用“一般过去时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中运河的长度、位置、历史、作用及现状，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点，词数80以上。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图。用首句揭示题干，介绍运河基本地理信息； 第二步，具体阐述写作内容。按时间顺序说明历史背景与功能； 第三步，书写结语。描述现状并呼应保护倡议。 [亮点词汇] ①man-made人工的 ②transport运输 ③experience体验 [高分句型] ①People started building it over 2,500 years ago during the Spring and Autumn Period, making it the world’s oldest canal.(运用了现在分词作状语) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【寒假打卡计划】人教版2024八年级英语上册复习篇+八年级英语下册预习篇 专题08 预习篇之八年级下册Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 第1部分 教材同步单元词汇短语 一、根据中文释义写出对应的英文单词 1．n. 肩膀；肩部 2．n. 梯子；阶梯；途径 3．v. 测量；量度为n. 措施；度量单位 4．adv. 成功地；顺利地 5．v. 使……冒风险（或面临危险）n. 危险；风险 6．n. 好奇心；求知欲 7．n. 追求的目标；野心；雄心 8．n. 探险者；勘探者 9．adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 10．adj. 有危险（或风险）的 11．adj. 南部的；向南的 12．adj. 位于；坐落在 13．adj. 淡水的；淡水中生长的 14．n. 类型；种类 15．v. 吸引；招引；引起（反应） 16．adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 17．n. 旅行者；游客 （= ） 18．adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的 19．adj. 水下的；用于水下的adv. 在水下 20．adj. 东北的；东北方向的 21．n. 海岸；海滨 22．n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫 23．n. 礁；礁脉 24．v. 包含；包括 25．n. 沙子 26．adj. 活着；在世；有活力 27．n. 结构（体）；构造；体系 28．v. 使用呼吸管潜泳；n. （浮潜用的）呼吸管 29．n. （鱼、鲸、海豚等的）群 30．n. 海龟；龟 31．n. 一生；终身 二、翻译短语 32．地理事实 33．母亲河 34．最深点 35．神奇的经历 36．稀薄的空气 37．冒着生命危险 38．盐湖 39．清澈的水 40．做笔记 41．著名地点 42．平方千米 43．顺便说 44．多变的天气 45．成群的彩色鱼 46．种类最多的动植物 第二部分预习提升 一、单项选择 1．—Could you tell me ________ it took for the ancient rock formations to take shape? —It’s estimated to be over 10 million years. A．how far B．how long C．how often D．how soon 2．He told his teammates that he ________ the rare plant species in the rainforest the following month. A．will search for B．searches for C．would search for D．has searched for 3．“We have never encountered such a spectacular natural wonder,” they exclaimed. They exclaimed that they ________ never ________ such a spectacular natural wonder. A．have; encountered B．had; encountered C．were; encountering D．would; encounter 4．I doubt ________ the newly found cave is safe for tourists to visit without professional guidance. A．that B．if C．what D．which 5．I’m curious ________ the Northern Lights usually appear in the polar regions. A．why B．that C．which D．who 6．The Sahara Desert is ________ in the world, and covers a huge area of land. A．the biggest desert B．the deepest point C．the highest place D．the longest river 7．—Do you know where the Dead Sea is? —Yes, it’s a famous salt lake ________ the Jordan Valley. A．located in B．connected with C．famous for D．close to 8．The Yangtze River ________ among all the rivers in China and it’s our mother river. A．grows taller B．flows the farthest C．runs the fastest D．is the widest 9．When we stood on the mountain top, the beautiful scenery was spread out ________. A．right before our eyes B．as far as the eye could see C．bit by bit D．by the way 10．Many scientists ________ to study the deep sea and find many unusual sea animals. A．do research B．make notes C．give a report D．design a poster 11．The Mariana Trench is the ________ in the world, even whales can’t reach its bottom easily. A．deepest point B．highest cliff C．largest desert D．longest trench 12．We need to ________ the details of the natural wonders when we do a project about them. A．note down B．pay attention to C．connect with D．look for 13．Mountain climbers ________ when they climb Qomolangma because of the thin air and changeable weather. A．risk their lives B．reach the top C．measure the height D．clear the air 14．_______ the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, China has many other beautiful rivers and lakes. A．As well as B．By the way C．In the future D．That way 15．When the water flows down from the top of Victoria Falls, it will ______ the rocks below quickly. A．rush past B．jump into C．fall off D．calm down 16．—We cleaned the house from top to ________before the guests arrived. —Wow, that was a deep clean! A．corner B．peak C．bottom D．door 17．—I ________ if you could help me carry these boxes. —Of course! A．wonder B．remain C．worry D．agree 18．—The town experienced ________ weather last month, with snow in late spring. —Very strange. A．simple B．common C．similar D．unusual 19．—The students worked out the difficult maths problem ________ through teamwork. —Great job! A．carelessly B．successfully C．hardly D．slowly 20．A group of ________ met a sudden snowstorm on their way up the mountain. A．swimmers B．drivers C．painters D．climbers 二、根据要求完成单词拼写 21．Besides, I can also take a look at the (瀑布) there. 22．The Chinese (文明) is one of the oldest in the world. 23．Television is an effective (方式，途径) of communication. 24．I waited for them at the (底部，最下部) of the hill. 25．It’s (不寻常的，特别的) for the trees to flower so early. 26．We suddenly saw a (大船，轮船) in the fog when we woke up in the morning. 27．Professor Tu Youyou never stops doing (研究，调查) on Chinese medicine. 28．When you (潜水，跳水，俯冲), you must keep your legs straight. 29．—What’s the (深度，纵深) of the water here? —About 3 metres. 30．Hundreds of dead fish can be seen on the (表面，表层) of the water because of water pollution. 31．The (nature) scenery in Guilin attracts millions of visitors every year. 32．She felt a sense of (achieve) after climbing the highest mountain in her country. 33．We need to (protection) the natural wonders so that future generations can see them. 34．The (beautiful) of the sunset over the sea is beyond words. 35．The (high) of Mount Qomolangma is 8848.86 meters above sea level. 36．He is (interest) in studying the formation of caves and canyons. 37．The (silent) in the deep forest was broken only by the sound of birds singing. 38．The government has taken measures to prevent (pollute) of the natural lakes. 39．It’s (danger) to walk on the icy path near the cliff. 40．The (discover) of a new waterfall in the mountain area excited all the locals. 三、翻译句子 41．死海位于海平面以下430米，是地球陆地上的最低点。 At 430 meters , the Dead Sea is Earth’s lowest point on land. 42．尼罗河和黄河都帮助了古代文明的发展。 Both the Nile and the Yellow River helped to develop. 43．我们应该竭尽全力保护他们。 We should protect them . 44．对大多数人来说，珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最伟大的奇观之一。 To most people, Mount Qomolangma is of the world. 45．这是因为人类的好奇心与雄心永无止境。 It is because human and cannot . 46．它是世界上最深的淡水湖。 It is the in the world. 47．如今，这座湖泊依然吸引着许多充满好奇的游客。 Today, the lake still many . 48．当你探访这里时，会看到地球上最大的活体生物结构。 If you visit it, you will see the on Earth. 49．对于热爱海洋的人来说，游览大堡礁堪称一生难求的梦想！ For people , visiting the Great Barrier Reef is the ! 50．首先，它能提高学生的写作能力。 , it can improve students’ writing abilities. 4、 阅读理解 A Here are four famous rivers. Let’s have a look! Length: about 6,650 km Location: Sudan, Egypt The Nile River is the longest river in the world. It’s known for being the lifeblood (命脉) of Ancient Egypt. This river is famous because it was important in Ancient Egypt. Also, the Nile River is important for farming, transportation (交通) and drinking water. Length: about 2,525 km Location: India Though it isn’t the largest river in Asia, the Ganges River is still well-known. This river provides millions of people with water for farming. There are nearly 150 species of fish living there today. Other animals also live in and around it, like snakes and various insects. Length: about 650 km Location: Australia You may not have ever heard of the Finke River. It’s not very long and it doesn’t even flow all the time. However, scientists have considered (认为) it as the oldest river in the world. That’s the reason why this river is well-known! Length: about 6,400 km Location: Peru, Colombia, Brazil The Amazon River is the second-longest river in the world. But it has the largest discharge (流量) in the world, up to 219,000 m3 per second! The Congo River, with the second largest discharge, has only 20% of its discharge! The Amazon River is also well- known for having no bridges crossing it. 51．Which river is the longest one in the world according to the passage? A．The Ganges River. B．The Nile River. C．The Amazon River. D．The Finke River. 52．What is the Ganges River famous for? A．Providing water for farming and supporting many living things B．Being the oldest river in the world C．Having the largest discharge in the world D．Being the lifeblood of Ancient India 53．Why is the Finke River well-known? A．It flows all year round in Australia. B．It is the longest river in Australia. C．It is considered the world’s oldest river. D．It has many rare fish and insects. 54．What can we know about the Amazon River? A．It is the longest river in South America. B．Its discharge is 20% of the Congo River’s. C．There are many famous bridges over it. D．It runs through Sudan and Egypt. 55．Where is the passage most probably from? A．A maths book. B．A history story. C．A travel magazine. D．An English book. B The Dead Sea is one of the most unusual and fascinating natural places on our planet. Unlike common seas that teem with fish and sea plants, it has almost no living things. This is why its name the “Dead Sea” comes from. Geographically, it is located between Jordan (约旦) and Israel (以色列), in the dry part of the Middle East. It’s surrounded by rocky hills. That adds to its unique landscape. Covering an area of about 605 square kilometers, the Dead Sea’s size isn’t always the same. It changes slightly each year. This is mainly because of changes in rainfall; less rain means less water flowing into the sea. And also because towns and farms near it need more and more water. It is about 1,000 feet (英尺) deep. The deepest part of the Dead Sea is about 1,300 feet, making it one of the deepest salty lakes in the world. The Dead Sea has a high salt level, about 8 times saltier than the ocean. This high salt content (高盐分含量) creates strong buoyancy (浮力), letting people float (漂浮) easily on its surface even if they can’t swim. For many years, this special character has attracted millions of visitors from all over the world. Some come to experience the fun of floating. Sadly, the Dead Sea is facing a big problem: It is becoming smaller and smaller. Every year, its surface level drops a little. Protecting this natural wonder has become more important than ever. 56．Where is the Dead Sea located? A．Between Jordan and Israel. B．Between China and Japan. C．Between Canada and the US. D．Between France and Germany. 57．What is the size of the Dead Sea covering? A．About 605 square kilometers. B．About 1,000 square kilometers. C．About 1,300 square kilometers. D．About 1,500 square kilometers. 58．Why can people float easily on the Dead Sea? A．Because it kills people. B．Because it holds dead people. C．Because it has many plants in the water. D．Because it has a surprisingly high salt level. 59．Why do many visitors come to the Dead Sea? A．To fish in its water. B．To grow plants. C．To float and relax. D．To protect the Dead Sea. 60．What is the best title for the passage? A．The location of the Dead Sea B．The reasons for people floating C．The ways to protect the Dead Sea D．Knowing about the Dead Sea 五、选词填空 and   amazing   explore   enjoy   have   include   natural   simply   shock   through One summer, my family went on a journey and saw some of the 61 sights in America. Our favourite place was Niagara Falls. It 62 three different waterfalls: Horseshoe Falls, Bridal Veil Falls 63 American Falls. They go into the Niagara River and form a 64 boundary between the United States and Canada. There are several different ways to see the powerful waters: on foot, by boat or by air. On the first night, we walked 65 Niagara Forest to American Falls. We could 66 hear the loud sound of the water clearly before we reached the falls. During our following tour, the falling water 67 us when we were standing just six metres away from Bridal Veil Falls. It was a perfect place to 68 the power of the falls. In fact, we haven’t travelled for two years. Now I’m looking forward to 69 a wonderful trip. There is so much to see in the world. We will continue our journey of 70 the world. 六、书面表达 71．校报的World Facts栏目正在征稿。假如你想投稿介绍我国著名的京杭大运河，你从网上查阅到以下信息。请你根据这些信息，写一篇词数不少于80的英文稿。 ·南起杭州，北至北京，全长近1800公里，是世界上最长的人工运河； ·始建于春秋时期，拥有2500多年历史 (是世界上最古老的运河)，历史上主要用于运输货物，大大促进了沿线城市的发展； ·如今还是旅游胜地。 The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is the longest man-made canal in the world. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Grand Canal is a valuable heritage passed down to us by our ancestors. We should protect it well. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $