Unit 5 Animal friends 形容词和情态动词 (语法讲解+分层精练）-2025-2026学年译林版英语 七年级下册

该初中英语知识清单聚焦“形容词和情态动词”核心语法，涵盖形容词作定语/表语用法、三大满分陷阱，以及情态动词can/could/may的核心用法与四大必考句式，搭建从基础规则到易错点突破再到中考应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过表格对比（如“-ed/-ing形容词”“enough位置”等考点的典型错误与正确用法）、分考点设计30道中考题型练习（形容词15题含定语/表语等5类考点，情态动词15题含能力/请求/推测等4类考点），培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特别标注“中考陷阱”（如can表推测仅用于否定/疑问）和记忆技巧（系动词口诀），分层精练适配不同学生，助力教师精准教学，提升学习效率。

Unit 5 Animal friends （形容词和情态动词） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）形容词 1 1.形容词作定语 1 2.形容词作表语 1 3.三大满分陷阱 2 （二）情态动词（can/could/may） 2 1.情态动词核心用法 2 2.情态动词4大必考句式 2 二、中考题型练习(30道） 3 （一）形容词专项（15题） 3 （二）情态动词（can/could/may）专项（15题） 5 一、语法讲解 （一）形容词 1.形容词作定语 定义：修饰名词，放在名词之前；修饰复合不定代词时，必须后置。 例句：It is a lazy cat. （一只懒惰的猫） There is nothing important in today‘s newspaper. （没有重要的事） I have something special to tell you. （特别的事） 2.形容词作表语 定义：放在系动词之后，说明主语的性质、状态。 系动词口诀： “be（是）、“感”（look/sound/smell/taste/feel）、“变”（get/become/turn/go）、“保持”（keep/stay） 例句：The place is quiet and beautiful. （安静而美丽） The cake tastes delicious. （尝起来美味） Keep our school clean. （保持干净） 3.三大满分陷阱 考点 规则 典型错误 正确用法 -ed / -ing -ed用于人感到；-ing用于物令人 I am exciting. I am excited. enough位置 形+enough；enough+名 enough rich rich enough ； enough money alone / lonely alone独自（客观）；lonely孤独（主观） live lonely live alone （二）情态动词（can/could/may） 1.情态动词核心用法 情态动词 核心用法 教材例句 中考陷阱 can ① 现在能力（会） ② 请求许可（可以） ③ 否定推测（不可能） I can swim. Can I come in? It can’t be true. can表推测只用于否定/疑问 could ① 过去能力（曾经会） ② 委婉请求（比can礼貌） He could read at 5. Could you help me? 回答用can，不用could may ① 请求许可（正式） ② 肯定推测（也许） May I come in? He may be at home. may not可能不≠ can’t不可能 2.情态动词4大必考句式 1. 请求许可的回答铁律： Can/Could I...? 肯定答：Yes, you can. 否定答：No, you can‘t. May I...? 肯定答：Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / Certainly. 否定答：No, you can’t. / I‘m afraid not. 2. 推测语气强度： must（一定）＞ may（也许）＞ could（可能，较弱）＞ can’t（不可能） 3. can表示理论可能性（译林特色）： It can be very cold here in winter. （这里的冬天有时会很冷） 4. could表过去能力（时态标志）： 题干有when I was.../last year/in the past → 必选could 二、中考题型练习(30道） （一）形容词专项（15题） 考点1：作定语（位置/后置/顺序） 1. There is ______ with my computer. It doesn’t work. A. wrong something B. something wrong C. wrong anything D. anything wrong 答案：B 解析：肯定句用something；形容词修饰不定代词后置。 2. I want to tell you ______. It’s about our English teacher. A. special something B. something special C. special anything D. anything special 答案：B 解析：肯定句用something；形容词后置。 3. The bridge is 1,800 metres ______. A. long B. tall C. high D. height 答案：A 解析：表示长度用long，数量词+名词+形容词后置。 4. —What do you think of her dress? —It’s ______. A. a silk beautiful red B. a red beautiful silk C. a beautiful red silk D. beautiful red silk a 答案：C 解析：多个形容词顺序：限定词→描绘→颜色→材料 → a beautiful red silk dress。 考点2：作表语（系动词+形容词） 5. The snacks smell ______. Please throw them away. A. bad B. badly C. good D. well 答案：A 解析：smell是系动词，后接形容词。 6. The soup tastes ______. You are really a good cook! A. well B. good C. badly D. terribly 答案：B 解析：taste是系动词，后接形容词good。 7. In the library, we should keep ______ and walk ______. A. quiet; quiet B. quiet; quietly C. quietly; quiet D. quietly; quietly 答案：B 解析：keep是系动词+形容词quiet；修饰实义动词walk用副词quietly。 8. To keep ______, you need to do more exercise. A. health B. healthy C. fitly D. healthily 答案：B 解析：keep是系动词，后接形容词healthy/fit。 考点3：-ed / -ing 形容词辨析 9. The movie is really ______. I am ______ in it. A. interesting; interesting B. interested; interested C. interesting; interested D. interested; interesting 答案：C 解析：物令人感兴趣用interesting；人感到感兴趣用interested。 10. What ______ news! Everyone is ______ because they can get the tickets. A. surprising; surprising B. surprised; surprising C. surprising; surprised D. surprised; surprised 答案：C 解析：news是事物，用-ing；everyone是人，感到惊讶用-ed。 11. The boy was ______ about the ______ game. A. excited; excited B. exciting; excited C. excited; exciting D. exciting; exciting 答案：C 解析：人感到激动用excited；比赛令人激动用exciting。 考点4：enough位置 & alone/lonely 12. The little boy is ______ to go to school. A. enough old B. old enough C. enough young D. young enough 答案：B 解析：形容词+enough。 13. I don’t have ______ to buy this car. I need to save more money. A. enough money B. money enough C. enough rich D. rich enough 答案：A 解析：enough + 名词。 14. The old man lives ______, but he never feels ______ because many friends visit him. A. alone; alone B. lonely; lonely C. alone; lonely D. lonely; alone 答案：C 解析：live alone独自居住（副词）；feel lonely感到孤独（形容词）。 考点5：It is + adj. + of/for sb. to do 15. It is very kind ______ you to help me with the heavy box. A. for B. of C. to D. with 答案：B 解析：kind描述人的品质 → of sb. （二）情态动词（can/could/may）专项（15题） 考点1：表能力（can现在 / could过去） 16. —Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. —It ______ be Lucy. She ______ sing that song very well. A. can; can B. must; can C. may; must D. must; must 答案：B 解析：第一空推测“一定”用must；第二空“会唱”表能力用can。 17. When I was five, I ______ ride a bike, but now I ______. A. can; can’t B. could; can C. could; could D. can; could 答案：B 解析：When I was five过去时间 → could；now现在能力 → can 。 18. My grandmother ______ dance well when she was young. A. can B. could C. may D. must 答案：B 解析：when she was young过去 → could 。 19. —______ you play the piano? —Yes, I ______. I started learning it five years ago. A. Can; can B. Could; could C. Can; could D. Could; can 答案：A 解析：问现在能力用Can；回答用can。 20. He ______ swim at the age of 6. He is really talented. A. can B. could C. may D. must 答案：B 解析：at the age of 6过去 → could。 考点2：表请求许可（委婉/正式） 21. —______ I use your ruler, Lily? —Of course. Here you are. A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Need 答案：C 解析：委婉请求用Could；回答用can 。 22. —Miss Lin, ______ I come in? —Yes, please. A. can B. could C. may D. need 答案：C 解析：向老师正式请求许可用May 。 23. —Could you help me carry the heavy box? —Yes, I ______. A. could B. can C. may D. must 答案：B 解析：Could you...? 肯定回答用can，不用could 。 24. —May I take photos here? —Sorry, you ______. Look at the sign “No photos”. A. may B. can C. mustn’t D. needn‘t 答案：C 解析：May I...? 否定回答常用can’t或mustn‘t（禁止） 。 25. —Can I go swimming with you, Judy? —Yes, you ______. A. can B. could C. may D. must 答案：A 解析：Can I...? 肯定回答用can 。 考点3：表推测（may也许 / can’t不可能） 26. Though it’s cloudy now, it ______ get sunny later. A. can B. may C. must D. need 答案：B 解析：表示“可能”用may；can表推测一般不用于肯定陈述句 。 27. The man over there ______ be Mr Li. He has gone to Shanghai. A. must B. may C. can‘t D. mustn’t 答案：C 解析：否定推测“不可能”用can‘t 。 28. —Whose bike is this? —It ______ be Tom’s. He rides a black bike. A. can B. must C. may D. need 答案：C 解析：不确定的推测“也许”用may；语气较弱，非100%肯定。 29. Don‘t play with that knife. You ______ hurt yourself. A. can B. could C. may D. must 答案：C 解析：表示可能发生的危险 → may。 考点4：综合辨析（易混清零） 30. —______ I borrow your dictionary? —Sure. Here you are. A. May B. Must C. Should D. Need 答案：A 解析：请求许可，May I...? 最正式礼貌，完全符合教材语境 。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Animal friends （形容词和情态动词） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）形容词 1 1.形容词作定语 1 2.形容词作表语 1 3.三大满分陷阱 2 （二）情态动词（can/could/may） 2 1.情态动词核心用法 2 2.情态动词4大必考句式 2 二、中考题型练习(30道） 3 （一）形容词专项（15题） 3 （二）情态动词（can/could/may）专项（15题） 4 一、语法讲解 （一）形容词 1.形容词作定语 定义：修饰名词，放在名词之前；修饰复合不定代词时，必须后置。 例句：It is a lazy cat. （一只懒惰的猫） There is nothing important in today‘s newspaper. （没有重要的事） I have something special to tell you. （特别的事） 2.形容词作表语 定义：放在系动词之后，说明主语的性质、状态。 系动词口诀： “be（是）、“感”（look/sound/smell/taste/feel）、“变”（get/become/turn/go）、“保持”（keep/stay） 例句：The place is quiet and beautiful. （安静而美丽） The cake tastes delicious. （尝起来美味） Keep our school clean. （保持干净） 3.三大满分陷阱 考点 规则 典型错误 正确用法 -ed / -ing -ed用于人感到；-ing用于物令人 I am exciting. I am excited. enough位置 形+enough；enough+名 enough rich rich enough ； enough money alone / lonely alone独自（客观）；lonely孤独（主观） live lonely live alone （二）情态动词（can/could/may） 1.情态动词核心用法 情态动词 核心用法 教材例句 中考陷阱 can ① 现在能力（会） ② 请求许可（可以） ③ 否定推测（不可能） I can swim. Can I come in? It can’t be true. can表推测只用于否定/疑问 could ① 过去能力（曾经会） ② 委婉请求（比can礼貌） He could read at 5. Could you help me? 回答用can，不用could may ① 请求许可（正式） ② 肯定推测（也许） May I come in? He may be at home. may not可能不≠ can’t不可能 2.情态动词4大必考句式 1. 请求许可的回答铁律： Can/Could I...? 肯定答：Yes, you can. 否定答：No, you can‘t. May I...? 肯定答：Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / Certainly. 否定答：No, you can’t. / I‘m afraid not. 2. 推测语气强度： must（一定）＞ may（也许）＞ could（可能，较弱）＞ can’t（不可能） 3. can表示理论可能性（译林特色）： It can be very cold here in winter. （这里的冬天有时会很冷） 4. could表过去能力（时态标志）： 题干有when I was.../last year/in the past → 必选could 二、中考题型练习(30道） （一）形容词专项（15题） 考点1：作定语（位置/后置/顺序） 1. There is ______ with my computer. It doesn’t work. A. wrong something B. something wrong C. wrong anything D. anything wrong 2. I want to tell you ______. It’s about our English teacher. A. special something B. something special C. special anything D. anything special 3. The bridge is 1,800 metres ______. A. long B. tall C. high D. height 4. —What do you think of her dress? —It’s ______. A. a silk beautiful red B. a red beautiful silk C. a beautiful red silk D. beautiful red silk a 考点2：作表语（系动词+形容词） 5. The snacks smell ______. Please throw them away. A. bad B. badly C. good D. well 6. The soup tastes ______. You are really a good cook! A. well B. good C. badly D. terribly 答案：B 解析：taste是系动词，后接形容词good。 7. In the library, we should keep ______ and walk ______. A. quiet; quiet B. quiet; quietly C. quietly; quiet D. quietly; quietly 8. To keep ______, you need to do more exercise. A. health B. healthy C. fitly D. healthily 考点3：-ed / -ing 形容词辨析 9. The movie is really ______. I am ______ in it. A. interesting; interesting B. interested; interested C. interesting; interested D. interested; interesting 10. What ______ news! Everyone is ______ because they can get the tickets. A. surprising; surprising B. surprised; surprising C. surprising; surprised D. surprised; surprised 11. The boy was ______ about the ______ game. A. excited; excited B. exciting; excited C. excited; exciting D. exciting; exciting 考点4：enough位置 & alone/lonely 12. The little boy is ______ to go to school. A. enough old B. old enough C. enough young D. young enough 13. I don’t have ______ to buy this car. I need to save more money. A. enough money B. money enough C. enough rich D. rich enough 14. The old man lives ______, but he never feels ______ because many friends visit him. A. alone; alone B. lonely; lonely C. alone; lonely D. lonely; alone 考点5：It is + adj. + of/for sb. to do 15. It is very kind ______ you to help me with the heavy box. A. for B. of C. to D. with （二）情态动词（can/could/may）专项（15题） 考点1：表能力（can现在 / could过去） 16. —Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. —It ______ be Lucy. She ______ sing that song very well. A. can; can B. must; can C. may; must D. must; must 17. When I was five, I ______ ride a bike, but now I ______. A. can; can’t B. could; can C. could; could D. can; could 18. My grandmother ______ dance well when she was young. A. can B. could C. may D. must 19. —______ you play the piano? —Yes, I ______. I started learning it five years ago. A. Can; can B. Could; could C. Can; could D. Could; can 20. He ______ swim at the age of 6. He is really talented. A. can B. could C. may D. must 考点2：表请求许可（委婉/正式） 21. —______ I use your ruler, Lily? —Of course. Here you are. A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Need 22. —Miss Lin, ______ I come in? —Yes, please. A. can B. could C. may D. need 23. —Could you help me carry the heavy box? —Yes, I ______. A. could B. can C. may D. must 24. —May I take photos here? —Sorry, you ______. Look at the sign “No photos”. A. may B. can C. mustn’t D. needn‘t 25. —Can I go swimming with you, Judy? —Yes, you ______. A. can B. could C. may D. must 考点3：表推测（may也许 / can’t不可能） 26. Though it’s cloudy now, it ______ get sunny later. A. can B. may C. must D. need 27. The man over there ______ be Mr Li. He has gone to Shanghai. A. must B. may C. can‘t D. mustn’t 28. —Whose bike is this? —It ______ be Tom’s. He rides a black bike. A. can B. must C. may D. need 29. Don‘t play with that knife. You ______ hurt yourself. A. can B. could C. may D. must 考点4：综合辨析（易混清零） 30. —______ I borrow your dictionary? —Sure. Here you are. A. May B. Must C. Should D. Need 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $