Unit 6 When disaster strikes 知识清单 2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级上册

新外研版英语八年级上册 Unit 6 When disaster strikes 知识清单 一、核心词汇 (Key Words) disaster (灾难) earthquake (地震) flood (洪水) typhoon / hurricane (台风/飓风) storm (暴风雨) drought (干旱) wildfire / forest fire (野火/森林火灾) tsunami (海啸) landslide / mudslide (山体滑坡/泥石流) strike / hit (袭击,发生) shake (摇晃) break out (突然发生) damage / destroy (破坏/摧毁) wash away (冲走) blow away (吹走) fall down / collapse (倒塌) hurt / injure (使受伤) save / rescue (拯救) warning (警报) shelter (避难所) safety (安全) danger (危险) help (帮助) aid (援助) victim (受害者) volunteer (志愿者) emergency (紧急情况) 二、重点短语及句型 1. 描述灾害发生 ... struck / hit ... (...袭击了...) A strong earthquake struck the city. There was a ... (发生了一场...) There was a big flood last summer. ... broke out. (...突然爆发了。) A fire broke out in the building. It happened at ... (time) in ... (place). (它发生在...(时间)的...(地点)。) 2. 描述正在进行的动作(当灾害发生时) ... was/were doing sth when ... happened. (当...发生时,...正在做某事。) I was sleeping when the earthquake started. While ... was/were doing sth, ... happened. (正当...在做某事时,...发生了。) While we were having a lesson, the fire alarm rang. 3. 询问与描述经历 What were you doing when ...? (当...时,你正在做什么?) What happened? (发生了什么?) I saw/heard/felt ... (我看到/听到/感觉到...) I felt the floor shaking. I was very scared/frightened. (我非常害怕。) 4. 给出建议与指示 Stay calm. (保持冷静。) Keep/Drop/Cover/Hold on! (地震应急口诀:蹲下、掩护、抓牢!) Don’t use the lift/elevator. (不要使用电梯。) Move to a safe place. (转移到安全的地方。) Call 110/119/120 for help. (拨打110/119/120求助。) 三、语法知识 (Grammar Focus) 1. 过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense) 功能:表示在过去某一特定时刻或时段正在进行的动作。 结构:主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词 (V-ing) + 其他. 肯定句:They were watching TV at 8 last night. 否定句:I was not (wasn’t) sleeping at that time. 疑问句:Were you having dinner? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 时间状语:at this/that time yesterday, at 9 o’clock last night, when/while引导的从句。 动词现在分词 (V-ing) 构成规则: 一般加ing:play playing 以不发音e结尾,去e加ing:take taking 重读闭音节结尾,双写末尾字母加ing:run running 2. 连接词 when 和 while 引导的时间状语从句 (Conjunctions: when & while) when: 可表示“当...时”,从句谓语动词可以是延续性动词或非延续性动词。 从句动作和主句动作可以同时发生,也可以有先后。 When the teacher came in, we were reading. (同时,老师进来时,我们在读书。) When the earthquake was over, people went out. (先后,地震结束后,人们出去了。) while: 表示“正当...时”,强调主句和从句的动作同时持续发生。 从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词,常用过去进行时。 While I was walking in the street, I saw an accident. (我正走在街上时,看到了一场事故。) 与过去进行时的搭配: When + 一般过去时,主句用过去进行时:表示当一个短暂动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行。 When he called, I was cooking. While + 过去进行时,主句用一般过去时:表示在一个持续动作的过程中,发生了另一个动作。 While I was cooking, he called. 3. 序数词 (Ordinal Numbers) 用于描述事件的顺序或步骤。 基本构成:基数词 + th (注意 first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 等特殊变化) First, you should stay calm. Then, find a safe place... This was the worst disaster in twenty years. 四、交际用语 (Communicative Expressions) 1. 在紧急情况下 Help! (救命!) Watch out! / Look out! / Be careful! (小心!) Is everyone OK? / Are you hurt? (大家都好吗?/ 你受伤了吗?) I’m OK. / I‘m fine. (我没事。) 2. 讲述个人经历 Let me tell you what happened. (让我告诉你发生了什么。) It was a terrible experience. (那是一次可怕的经历。) Luckily / Fortunately, ... (幸运的是...) Unfortunately, ... (不幸的是...) 3. 表达同情与提供帮助 I’m sorry to hear that. (听到这个我很难过。) That’s terrible/awful. (那太糟糕了。) What can I do to help? (我能帮忙做点什么?) Don’t worry. We are with you. (别担心,我们和你在一起。) 五、易错点提示 1. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别: 过去进行时:强调过去某个时间点或时段“正在”进行的动作(未完成)。 I was doing my homework at 7 yesterday. 一般过去时:表示过去发生的、已完成的动作。 I did my homework last night. 2. when 与 while 在时态搭配上的不同: while 引导的从句必须用延续性动词,常与进行时态连用。 正确:While I was reading, the phone rang. 错误:While I finished my work, the phone rang. (finish是非延续动词) when 引导的从句没有此限制。 3. 感观动词 feel, see, hear 在描述经历时的用法: 常用一般过去时,表示当时瞬间的感觉。 I felt the house shake. I saw people running out. 4. “happen” 的主语通常是“事”,而不是“人”: 正确:The accident happened suddenly. 错误:He happened an accident. 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $