Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking(Ⅰ)-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂课时作业word（人教版）

[预习自测] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．She worked as a research 　chemist　 (化学家) in a university. 2．The police wear dark blue 　uniforms　 (制服). 3．There is a 　parcel　 (包裹) and some letters for you. 4．Raising animals was only 　secondary　 (次要的) to other forms of farming. 5．We sat down in the 　shade　 (阴凉处) of the wall. 6．We must pay enough attention to the 　housing　 (住房) condition of the teachers. 7．The train now standing at the 　platform　 (站台) is for Beijing. 8．He got up and 　dragged　 (拖) his chair toward the table. 9．You can enjoy all the benefits and 　privileges　 (特权) of club membership. 10．There were hundreds of 　delicious　 (可口的，美味的) dishes for us to choose from. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．　To be honest　 (说实话), the house is not quite our style. 2．Over half the population of this country 　participate in　 (参加) sports. 3．I 　came across　 (偶然发现) this old photograph when looking for a book yesterday. 4．Light industry 　is　 closely 　related to　 (与……相关) agriculture. 5．What you have told me may 　make a difference to　 (对……有影响/起作用) my own position. 6．　The other day　 (前几天) I saw a squirrel in the garden. 7．The boy spends 　up to　 (达) 5 hours playing computer games every day. 8．He hasn't got a flat of his own, 　not to mention　 (更不用说) a car. 9．The young couple are 　dying to have　 (渴望拥有) a baby. 10．The thief 　got through　 (通过) the window and stole something. Ⅲ.语法填空 1．There were piles of 　dusty　 (dust) books in the old house. 2．The play, whose style is 　rigidly　 (rigid) formal, is typical for the period. 3．Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their 　ripeness　 (ripe) and the temperature of the freezer. 4．Her rough hands and 　wrinkled　 (wrinkle) face reflected a life of hard physical work. 5．The proposal was greeted with 　a　 chorus of approval. 6．It was 　a　 privilege to have dinner with our distinguished guests. 7．The old man dragged 　himself　 (he) home and barely made it to his chair before he dropped exhaustedly. 8．I needn't have worried about my new life at university; 　before　 I knew it, I had adapted to the new environment. 9．I was doing my homework 　when　 the light went out. 10．It was in the park, 　where 　 stands an old temple, that we took a photo. [素养提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Many of us live with a roommate at some stage. Sometimes, there can be problems. Who hasn't had an argument about whose turn it is to take out the rubbish or who should be the one to clear up after dinner? However, living with another person also comes with many benefits. You know that there's always someone else around, which can help you feel safer. There is always someone to talk to, so you never feel lonely. Besides these obvious benefits, there are some you may not notice. For example, we're actually more likely to eat healthier food when living with others. To examine the effect of living alone, Australian university researchers did much research and found that people living alone tended to eat less fresh food, which can have a significant (显著的) negative effect on long­term health. However, those living with others generally benefited from a more varied diet compared to those living alone. What could explain these findings? The researchers believe the social and cultural roles played by cooking, food preparation and eating may be important considerations. For example, those living with friends have someone else to go shopping with, and thus are likely to buy higher­quality fresh food regularly. Cooking skills may be another factor. If people living alone find they do not have the knowledge required to prepare a particular dish or cook a certain food, they may 　fall back on　 ready­made, less healthy food. However, if they live with at least one other person, they may be able to ask for help. In addition, people living alone can eat whatever they want at any time of the day or night. However, it's helpful to have someone around who questions your decision to eat frozen pizza at 3 am. In other words, roommates can draw your attention to unhealthy routines (惯例)． So, if you now live alone and find yourself fighting a losing battle against poor eating habits, why not consider sharing a home with someone else? You could encourage one another on to greater health and well­being. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了与他人合住带来的好处，尤其是合住有利于改善日常饮食习惯，对健康有利。 1．The author uses the question in the first paragraph to 　 　. A．introduce the topic of the text B．remind readers of their roommates C．show the problems of living with others D．recall the experience of sharing a room 解析：A　[推理判断题。作者先提出与人同住面临的问题，是先“抑”后“扬”，是为引出文章的主题。] 2．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The reasons for living with others. B．The benefits of having a roommate. C．The way of dealing with a roommate. D．The importance of communicating with others. 解析：B　[主旨大意题。第二段主要讲述了与人同住带来的显而易见的好处以及人们常忽视的好处。] 3．What does the underlined phrase “fall back on” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Hunt for.　　　　　 B．Cut down on. C．Depend on. D．Give up. 解析：C　[词义猜测题。第五段讲述的是烹饪技能对健康的影响。若人们不懂烹饪技能，又是独自生活，那么他们就会依赖那些现成的、不健康的食品，所以选择C项。] 4．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To explain why roommates have arguments. B．To tell readers every coin has two sides. C．To encourage people to have a roommate. D．To persuade people to develop healthy eating habits. 解析：C　[写作目的题。文章主要讲述了室友带来的各种好处，主要是给健康带来的好处。最后一段用设问的方式建议人们与他人同住，所以作者是鼓励人们找室友。] B You're rushing to work and a man ahead of you suddenly falls down. Do you stop to help? In a study of bystanders, it was found that some people look away or keep on walking rather than stop and get involved. “There is an inclination (倾向) to decide that no action is needed，” says Ervin Staub, a psychologist (心理学家) at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, who studies the role of bystanders. “The first thoughts that come into your mind often keep you from offering help.” Time and again, good and caring people fail to come to the aid of others. They know they should act and yet, for reasons they themselves don't understand, people sometimes don't respond. Longtime researchers of bystander behavior continue to struggle with the question, “Why？” One thing we do know is that the more 　ambiguous　 a situation is, the less likely people are to help. Let's say you see vapors (水汽) coming out of a building. You ask yourself, “Is it steam or smoke？” If you are not sure, you look to other people for a clue about how to react. If you see other people doing nothing, you think, “Of course, that's just steam.” You don't want it to be smoke, because then you would have to do something about it. Another one is known as “the bystander effect”. This says that the more people there are observing an emergency (突发事件), the less responsible each one of them personally feels. For example, if you are the only person in the world who can act to save someone in a dangerous situation, you are more likely to act. However, if you are one of 100,000 people who could save the situation, you would be happier if one of the other 99,999 people did it! “If you notice trouble, force yourself to stop and judge the situation instead of walking on，” says Ervin Staub. Then try to involve other people; you don't have to take on all the responsibility of being helpful. According to Staub, it is sometimes just a matter of turning to the person next to you and saying, “It looks like we should do something.”Once you take action, most people will take their cues (提示) from you and also help. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。紧急情况发生时，心理因素及旁观者效应往往导致旁观者的冷漠心态。 5．According to Ervin Staub, when accidents happen, people's first thoughts 　 　. A．force them to give a hand B．prevent them from helping C．often lead to embarrassment D．depend on others' reaction 解析：B　[事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句The first thoughts that come into your mind often keep you from offering help可知，面对这种情况，人的第一反应就是不去提供帮助。] 6．What does the underlined word “ambiguous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Difficult. B．Dangerous. C．Unclear. D．Unpleasant. 解析：C　[词义猜测题。由本段中You ask yourself，“Is it steam or smoke？”If you are not sure，you look to other people for a clue about how to react 可看出情形不明确时，往往会从其他人的反应中找线索。由此判断出ambiguous意为 “不明确的”。] 7．The author uses “the bystander effect” to show that 　 　. A．many people have the same ideas B．more people carry out more responsibility C．people usually think a lot before difficulties D．people tend to behave in the same way as most other people do 解析：D　[推理判断题。根据本段中的举例可看出“旁观者效应”就是指在紧急情况下，在有他人在场时，个体出手援助的几率与旁观者人数成反比。即旁观者越多，他们当中任何一人进行援助的可能性越低，由此可判断D项正确。] 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Stick to Your Decision B．Don't Just Stand There C．Think Before You Leap D．It's the Thought that Counts 解析：B　[主旨大意题。文章主要剖析了旁观者袖手旁观的心理，最后一段中建议大家遇到这种情况时伸出援手。] Ⅱ.阅读填句 Living together with other students may be a wonderful experience for you. If you can deal with it well, you and your roommates will probably enjoy a happy life and even build a lifelong friendship.　 1 　 Choose your roommates carefully if you are given permission. Combining the living spaces of several students into one location can be an exciting and beneficial experience for the outgoing students.　 2 　 Divide the bills equally. Some students are far less responsible than their roommates. 　 3 　 Resentment (怨恨) is quick to build when everyone has to pay the bill for a fellow student who can't seem to pay his share of the money. Carry your part of the load. Everyone has to clean the bathroom and the kitchen sometimes. Don't avoid your part of responsibility. Student accommodation can get messy and it involves everyone to keep tidy and healthy. 4 　 Put your roommates' interests above your own. Life will be far more enjoyable when everyone is concerned about the feelings, property, and studies of each other. Be open and honest. Hostility (敌意) between roommates may cause problems that can't be fixed. Everyone brings different standards and expectations to group living.　 5 　 Disagreements can be managed when you are willing to both be open and listen to others. A．They tend to let their part of the finance slide. B．Here are a few tips for student accommodation. C．It is quite easy to get along with outgoing students. D．Think about someone else before you think about yourself. E．It's in everyone's best interest to put them into the open. F．If you are on the shy side, or prefer a quiet group, pick quieter roommates. G．Telling a lie or saying rude words to your roommates may hurt their feelings. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了住宿生与其他室友相处的几个注意事项，以使他们度过一段愉快的集体生活并建立长久的友谊。 1．解析：B　[根据下文每段开头句可知，这是对住宿生过好集体生活提出的几点建议，由此可推知选B。] 2．解析：F　[空前面部分讲述在条件允许的情况下要认真选择室友，和同学同住一室对于外向的人来说的确是件好事。由此可知下一句应该要讲与外向性格相反的性格了。根据常识，与外向(outgoing)性格相对的性格就是内向(shy)了，故选F。] 3．解析：A　[本段首句提到费用均摊问题，紧接着提到有些学生很不负责，空后面又提到了当每个学生都要为那些不负责任的室友买单的话肯定会引起不满、怨恨情绪。由此可推知，空处应说这些学生不负责的具体表现，A项符合语境。] 4．解析：D　[根据空后的内容可推知，本段是讲述先人后己的道理，故选D。] 5．解析：E　[空处所在段落讲述做人要开诚布公、要真诚。由此可推知，选E。E项中的“put them into the open”跟本段主题句中的“open”相呼应。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $