Unit 1 必背知识清单讲义 Welcome ～Reading- 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

本讲义聚焦译林版牛津英语八下Unit 1“Past and present”核心知识点，系统梳理develop词族（development/developed/developing）、rise/raise辨析、used to do等语法点及交通方式表达等固定搭配，以“发展”为主线，从基础词汇到深圳发展案例阅读，构建从语言知识到语用能力的学习支架。 该资料特色鲜明，语言能力培养上通过词汇辨析（如develop不同词性用法）和语法对比（used to do/be used to doing）提升理解与表达，文化意识融入深圳崛起案例渗透家国情怀，思维品质通过同义句转换（如“深圳变化”的多种表达）培养分析能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

Read and recite it one more time, and you'll really get the hang of it. --- Allan 2025译林版牛津英语八下学霸必背知识清单 Unit 1 Past and present 1. Development is the key to success. 发展是成功的关键。 · development un. 发展 with the development of ... 随着......的发展 With the development of public transport, people in Sunshine Town can now travel by bus, taxi or underground easily. 随着公共交通的发展，阳光镇的人们现在可以方便地乘坐公交车、出租车或地铁出行。 · develop vi. 发展，进步 vt. 培养，养成（技能、习惯、兴趣等） The small town has developed a lot over the past 40 years—its streets are cleaner and its public services are better.在过去的 40 年里，这个小镇发展了很多——街道更干净了，公共服务也更好了。 My dad has developed a good habit of exercising every morning since he moved to the new community with better greenways. 自从搬到绿道更完善的新社区后，我爸爸养成了每天早上锻炼的好习惯。 · developed adj. 发达的 developing adj. 发展中的 The developed public transport system in Sunshine Town makes it easy for people to get around. 阳光镇发达的公共交通系统让人们出行变得便捷。 Many developing villages in China now have better roads and new schools. 中国许多发展中的村庄现在有了更好的道路和新学校。 · the key to (doing) sth. ……的关键 The key to our happiness is the better living conditions in our hometown. 我们幸福的关键是家乡更优越的生活条件。 The key to learning English well is practicing speaking every day. 学好英语的关键是每天练习口语。 Welcome to the unit 1. Transport at different times 不同时期的交通工具 · time n. 时代，时期（常用复数形式） at different times 在不同的时期 Here are some cars at different times in Germany. 这是德国不同时期的一些小汽车。 · times n. （用于比较）倍 Tom's school is about three times bigger than mine. 汤姆的学校大约是我的（学校）的三倍大。 · time n. 时间（不可数）；次（可数 I spend most of my time reading. 我花我大部分的时间阅读。 How many times have you read the text? 这篇文章你读过几次？ 2. I used to go to school by bike. 我过去常常骑自行车去上学。 · used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（表示过去的习惯或存在的状态，暗指现在已不再如此）没有人称和数的变化。构成否定句和疑问句时通常有两种方式：一是借助助动词 did；二是直接将 used 用作助动词。 The girl used to take a walk after dinner. 那个女孩过去常常晚饭后散步。 There used to be a small food shop in Sunshine Town, but now it has become a big supermarket. 阳光镇过去有一家小食品店，但现在它变成了一家大型超市。 He usedn't/didn't use to come to the park. 他过去不常来这个公园。 Used Tom to/Did Tom use to play with his friends after school? 过去汤姆放学后常常和他的朋友们一起玩吗？ 【精选考题】( A ) Mary usually rides ____ bike to school. Sometimes she also goes by ____ bus. A. a; / B. /; a C. the; a D. a; a · be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 Many young people are used to working in their hometown, as there are more job chances now than before. 许多年轻人习惯于在家乡工作，因为现在的就业机会比以前多了。 · be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 High-speed trains are used to connect different cities and save travel time. 高铁被用来连接不同的城市，节省出行时间。 Bricks are used to build houses. 砖头被用来盖房子。 · by bike 介词短语，意为“骑自行车”，在句中作方式状语。 go to ... by bike/on one's/a/the bike = ride one's/a/the bike to ... 骑自行车去…… Mr Wang goes to work by bike every day. 王先生每天骑自行车去上班。 · 交通方式的表达： 用介词：on foot; by + 交通工具； in/on + 限定词 + 交通工具 用动词：take + 冠词 + 交通工具； walk/ride/drive/fly to + 地点名词 Tom goes to the airport by taxi. = Tom goes to the airport in a taxi. = Tom takes a taxi to the airport. 汤姆乘出租车去机场。 Let's go to the hospital in Mr Wang's car. 让我们坐王先生的汽车去医院。 2. When I was young, there were only a few buses, and they were always crowded. 我年轻的时候，公共汽车很少，而且总是很拥挤。 · crowded adj. 拥挤的 → uncrowded adj. 宽敞的 In the past, the buses in Sunshine Town were always crowded, but now they are uncrowded and comfortable.（过去，阳光镇的公交车总是很拥挤，但现在它们既宽敞又舒适。 【精选考题】The Everland Theme Park is crowded (crowd) with visitors, because Fu Bao is returning to China soon. · (be) crowded with ... 挤满了……；满是…… The park in our hometown is crowded with children playing games every afternoon. 我们家乡的公园每天下午都挤满了玩游戏的孩子。 3. But now they are comfortable and convenient.但现在公交车又舒服又方便。我喜欢乘公共汽车去上学。 ·  convenient adj. 方便的 It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事方便。 It is convenient for me to go shopping by bike. 我骑自行车购物很方便。 · convenience un. 方便 for convenience 为了（图）方便 Many families buy cars for convenience—they can travel to the countryside easily. 很多家庭买车是为了方便，他们可以轻松去乡下。 Reading 1. The rise of Shenzhen, a city of innovation 深圳的崛起——一座创新之城 · rise un.（城市、事物、行业等的）崛起、兴起 the rise of + 地点/事物 …… 的崛起 We are proud of the rise of our hometown over the past 40 years. 我们为家乡过去 40 年的崛起感到自豪。 · rise vi. 上升，崛起，上涨，起身（自然发生或自身变化） rise → rose → risen The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day. 太阳每天东升西落。 The number of college students returning to their hometown has risen—they bring new ideas to help local development. 返乡的大学生人数有所上升，他们带来了新的理念，助力家乡发展。 · raise vt. 提高、举起、筹集、养育（人为主动动作）raise → raised → raised The school has raised the level of education, so more children in the countryside can get a good education. 这所学校提高了教育质量，所以更多农村孩子能接受良好的教育。 Villagers in Starlight Village raised money together to build a new hospital five years ago. 五年前，星光村的村民们一起筹集资金建了一座新医院。 · innovation un. 创新 → innovate vi. 创新 → innovative adj. 富有创新精神的 Our hometown needs more innovation to develop better. 我们的家乡需要更多创新来实现更好的发展。 Young people in my hometown often innovate to improve local products. 我家乡的年轻人经常创新，以改进本地产品。 The innovative ideas of citizens make our town more modern. 市民们富有创新精神的想法让我们的小镇更现代化。 2. In just over 40 years, Shenzhen, a city in southern China, has developed from a fishing village into a top high-tech city. 在短短40多年里，中国南方城市深圳从一个渔村发展成为顶级高科技城市。 · develop from ... into ... ……从……发展成为…… Starlight Village has developed from a poor village into a beautiful tourist spot. 星光村从一个贫困村发展成为了美丽的旅游景点。 · southern adj. 南部的，南方的 → south n. 南部，南方 in the south of ...= in the southern part of ... 在......的南方 There is a beautiful lake in the south of our city. = There is a beautiful lake in the southern part of our city. 我们城市的南部有一个美丽的湖。 3. A pioneer in China’s reform and opening-up, Shenzhen has attracted people from across the world. 作为中国改革开放的先行者，深圳吸引了来自世界各地的人们。 · pioneer cn. 先锋，先驱 a pioneer in... 某领域的先锋/先驱 → pioneering adj. 开拓性的 The old scientist is a pioneer in high-tech research. 这位老科学家是高科技研究领域的先驱。 His pioneering ideas brought new changes to the small town. 他开拓性的理念给这个小镇带来了新变化。 · opening-up n. 解禁；开放（常与 reform 连用，指中国的“改革开放”政策） open up 开放；开启；开辟；开张；打开 The country decided to open up its tourism industry to international visitors. 这个国家决定向国际游客开放其旅游业。 【精选考题】( D ) — The internet can ______ our eyes to the outside world. — Yes, I think so. A. turn up B. put up C. catch up D. open up · across the world 跨越全球各地（在句中常作地点状语，说明动作或状态发生的范围，可替换为 around the world 和 all over the world，但更侧重“跨越感”） People celebrate this festival across the world. 世界各地的人们都庆祝这个节日。 This Xiaomi brand has become popular across the world in recent years. 小米品牌近年来在全球很受欢迎。 【精选考题】( A ) — Have you heard of the beautiful scenery ______ the world? — Yes! I dream of visiting those places one day. A. across B. through C. over D. above 4. Innovation lies at the heart of the city. 创新是这座城市的核心。 · lies vi. 处于；在于 lie → lay → lain In the past, the success of small villages lay in farmers’ hard work. 过去，小村庄的成功在于农民们的辛勤劳作。 · at the heart of 是……的关键；处于……的核心（强调某事物处于另一事物的中心位置、核心地位，或对其起决定性作用） A historic square lies at the heart of the old town. 一个历史悠久的广场位于老城区的中心。 Hard work lies at the heart of his success. 勤奋工作是他成功的关键。 【精选考题】( A ) — What's ______ the school music club? — It's the love for music and friendship among members. A. at the heart of B. in the centre of C. on the top of D. at the end of 5. It has risen to become an important centre for technology industries in the world and is home to many tech giants. 它已崛起为全球重要的科技产业中心，也是众多科技巨头的所在地。 · technology n. (=tech) 技术（抽象总称，不可数） Technology makes our daily life more convenient than before. 技术让我们的日常生活比以前更便捷。 · industry n. 行业；工业 Many people work in different industries in big cities. 大城市里很多人在不同的行业工作。 · giant n. 大公司；巨人，庞然大物 adj. 巨大的；特大的（“非凡” 隐含义，多修饰抽象名词，不用于普通 “大小” 描述） That company has grown into a giant in the online shopping industry. 那家公司已成长为网购行业的巨头。 Her giant effort helped the village build a new school. 她的巨大努力助力村庄建成了一所新学校。 6. Today, it is leading the move from “Made in China” to “Created in China”. 如今，它正引领着从“中国制造”向“中国创造”的转变。 · lead vt.&vi. 引领；领导 lead → led → led lead to 导致 lead the way 带路 lead the move 引领变革 She leads the class in English study. 她在英语学习上引领全班。 · move n. 转变；变革 Our town’s move to use green energy helps protect the environment. 我们小镇向使用绿色能源的转变有助于保护环境。 My hometown has made a big move from farming to tourism. 我的家乡从农业向旅游业实现了重大转变。 There is an important move in the local industries these years. 这些年来，当地行业发生了一项重要变革。 7. Shenzhen is also active in its drive to become a cultural centre. 深圳也积极致力于成为文化中心。 · be active in... 在…… 方面积极；积极参与…… She is active in helping her classmates with English. 她积极帮助同学学英语。 · in one's drive to do sth. 致力于做某事 My hometown is in its drive to build more green parks. 我的家乡正在致力于建设更多绿色公园。 8. It offers a wealth of cultural facilities, such as libraries, museums, theatres and art spaces, as well as many excellent cultural and educational activities. 它（深圳）提供了丰富的文化设施，如图书馆，博物馆，剧院和艺术空间，以及许多优质的文化和教育活动。 · a wealth of 大量的，丰富的（后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，侧重强调事物“数量多、种类丰富且具有价值）→ wealthy adj. 富裕的；有钱的 Our school library has a wealth of books on science. 我们学校图书馆有大量关于科学的好书。 A wealthy life doesn’t just mean having money, but also having a happy family. 富裕的生活不仅意味着有钱，还意味着拥有幸福的家庭。 【精选考题】( A ) — Why do you love reading history books? — Because they have ______ stories about ancient people. A. a wealth of B. a little of C. a bit of D. a pair of · facility cn. 设施，设备 Public facilities in this city, such as buses and underground, are very convenient. 这座城市的公共设施，比如公交车和地铁，非常方便。 · as well as 除.....外，也，还（在语义上强调的是as well as之前的信息, 后一项只是顺便提及）（连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要和前面的主语保持一致） The new park is clean as well as big. 这个新公园除了大，还很干净。 Shenzhen, as well as many small towns, has developed fast. 深圳和许多小镇一样，发展得很快。 【精选考题】( A )This training program can give you a rise at work, ______ increase your pay by 40%, so you'd better put all your effort into it. A. as well as B. as good as C. as soon as D. as possible as · educational adj. 教育的，有关教育的 → education n. 教育 → educate v. 教育 The museum is a great educational place for students to learn about history. 博物馆是学生学习历史的绝佳教育场所。 Getting a good education helps young people have more job chances. 接受良好的教育能帮助年轻人获得更多就业机会。 My parents always try their best to educate me to be kind and hard-working. 我的父母总是尽力教育我要善良、勤奋。 9. Moreover, the city has won an honour from UNESCO for being a role model in encouraging reading among the public. 此外，这座城市因在鼓励公众阅读方面树立了典范，荣获了联合国教科文组织的表彰。 · honour n. 荣誉；奖项 win an honour (for ...) (from ...) （因为......而）获得一项（来自......的）荣誉 a great honour 极大的荣誉 She won an honour from the school for her hard work and good grades. 她因勤奋好学、成绩优异获得了来自学校的一项荣誉。 It’s a great honour to visit the world-famous Shenzhen. 参观举世闻名的深圳是一项极大的荣誉。 · public n. 民众（前面常加the，为复数含义）；adj. 公共的；公众的 in public 公开地；在公众面前 The public have seen great changes in their hometown over the past 40 years. 过去 40 年里，公众见证了家乡的巨大变化。 Public transport in our city is convenient and cheap. 我们城市的公共交通既方便又便宜。 It’s not polite to speak loudly in public. 在公众面前大声说话是不礼貌的。 【精选考题】( C ) Don't be shy when you speak English ______. A. in fact B. in time C. in public D. in danger 10. Shenzhen is working to improve the quality of life for its citizens as well. 深圳也在着力提升市民的生活质量。 · citizen n. 居民，市民；公民 a French citizen 法国公民；a Beijing citizen 北京市民。 【精选考题】( A ) — Every ______ in this city should follow the traffic rules. — You're right! It keeps everyone safe. A. citizen B. people C. visitor D. student 11. Shenzhen is the first city in the world to use green energy for almost all its buses and taxis. 深圳是世界上首个几乎所有公交车和出租车都使用绿色能源的城市。 · the first + 名词 + to do sth. 第一个做某事的…… He was the first student in our class to finish the report about hometown changes. 他是我们班第一个完成家乡变化报告的学生。 · use sth for sth. 将某物用于某物 The school uses the big hall for holding cultural and educational activities. 学校将这个大厅用于举办文化和教育活动。 12. “Electric buses produce less air pollution and make little noise, and now people here are enjoying a cleaner environment,” said a city planner. 一位城市规划师表示：“电动公交车减少了空气污染，噪音也很小，如今这里的人们正享受着更清洁的环境。” · electric adj. 电动的、用电的 Shenzhen has a lot of electric buses and taxis to reduce air pollution. 深圳有很多电动公交车和出租车，以减少空气污染。 · electrical adj. 与电相关的 → electricity un. 电 We need to call an electrical worker to fix the broken public lights. 我们需要叫电工来修理坏掉的公共路灯。 We should save electricity by turning off lights when we leave rooms. 我们离开房间时应关灯以节约用电。 · make little noise 几乎不发出噪音 little 表否定含义，意为“几乎没有”，a little 表肯定，意为“有一点” Please make little noise in the hospital—patients need a quiet environment to rest. 在医院里请不要发出噪声——病人需要安静的环境休息。 Can you make a little noise to let me know you're there? 你能发出一点声音让我知道你在那儿吗？ · planner cn. 设计者，规划者 The village planner suggested using green energy to power local farms. 这位村庄规划师建议用绿色能源为当地农场供电。 13. Since the late 1970s, Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed and has become a symbol of China’s development. 自20世纪70年代末以来，深圳以惊人的速度发展，成为了中国发展的象征。 · since prep. & conj. 自...以来（后引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；后也可以接时间点） · speed n. 速度 at high/low/top/full speed 以高速/低速/最高速度/全速 at the speed of … 以……的速度 Please walk at low speed on the wet road. 请在湿路上慢行。 The plane flies at the speed of 800 km/h. 飞机以每小时 800 公里的速度飞行。 14. The city’s pioneering spirit, together with the hard work and creativity of its citizens, is certainly the key to its success. 这座城市的开拓精神，加上居民们的辛勤劳动和创造力，无疑是它成功的关键。 · together with 介词短语，意为“和……一起，连同……”（用于补充说明与另一对象共同存在/行动，谓语动词的形式需与前面的核心主语保持一致） She, together with her classmates, is going to attend the lecture. 她和同学们将一起参加讲座。 【精选考题】( D ) — Will you go to the bookstore ______ your cousin tomorrow? — Sure! We want to buy the new science magazine. A. instead of B. such as C. because of D. together with · creativity n. 创造力（不可数，指产生新想法、新事物的能力）→ creative adj. 有创造力的，创造性的（可修饰人或事物，也能作表语）→ create vt. 创造，创作；产生 She shows great creativity in painting. 她在绘画中展现出极强的创造力。 She is very creative in arranging events. 她在策划活动方面很有创造力。 She spent three months creating a sculpture. 她花了三个月创作了一个雕塑。 15. Shenzhen has changed a lot over the years. 这些年深圳变化很大。 · 词句的同义句为 = Great changes have taken place in Shenzhen over the years. = There have been lots of changes in Shenzhen over the years. · over the years 这些年来，多年以来（常和现在完成时连用） 16. In the past, most families made a living by fishing. 过去，大多数家庭靠捕鱼为生。 · make a/one’s living (by doing sth.) （以做某事）谋生 His father made a/his living by doing business across the country. 他父亲曾靠走南闯北经商为生。 【精选考题】( B ) — How did your grandfather ______ in the countryside many years ago? — He grew vegetables and sold them in the market. A. make paper B. make a living C. make bread D. live a life 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $