特殊结构与综合语法 高中阶段常见固定句型与结构-2025-2026学年高中英语语法易错点精讲（全国版）

高中全国版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 寒假专版 高中阶段常见固定句型与结构 寒假语法易错点精讲 学段：高中教材：全国版 年级：特殊结构与综合语法 语法认知 高中阶段常见固定句型与结构（包括Itis/was+ad.+for/of sb to do sth、It takes sb some time to do sth、There be句型的各种时态与变体、“疑问词+不定式”结构、“so/such.that..”结果状语结构 等)=由固定的词序、搭配或功能构成的常用句式组合，在句中用于特定语境表达固定含义或语 法功能。 易错点讲解 易错点一：混淆"Itis/was+adj.+for sb to do sth”与"Itis/was+adj.+of sb to do sth”中的 for与of 讲解： -当形容词描述事物性质（如difficult,important,necessary等）时，用for sb,表示“对某人来说 做某事是…的”。 -当形容词描述人的品质（如kind,clever,brave,,foolish等）时，用ofsb,表示“某人做某事是 …的”，此时sb与adj.构成逻辑上的主系表关系(sb is adj.)。 例句： -It is important for us to learn English.(important描述事物性质，用for) -It was kind of her to help the old man..(kind描述人的品质，her is kind成立，用of) 真题再现： (2024全国卷I模拟，人教版)It is necessary_students to finish their homework on time.. A.for B.of C.with D.to 答案：A 解析：necessary描述事物性质“必要的”，用for sb to do sth结构，意为“对学生来说按时完成作 业是必要的”。 1 高中全国版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 (2023江苏南京期中，译林版)It was careless一you to leave the door open. A.for B.of C.with D.about 答案：B 解析：careless描述人的品质“粗心的”，逻辑上“you are careless”成立，用of sb to do sth结构， 意为“你把门开着真是粗心”。 易错点二：”It takes sb some time to do sth”句型中take的时态及形式误用 讲解： -句型基本结构为It takes sb+时间+to do sth(it为形式主语，真正主语是to do sth)。 -时态变化体现在take上：一般现在时用takes,一般过去时用took,将来时用will take。 -不可误用spend(sb spend time doing sth)或cost(sth cost sb money)替换take。 例句： -It takes me30 minutes to walk to school every day.(一般现在时) -It took them2 hours to finish the work yesterday.(一般过去时) 真题再现： (2024浙江杭州期末，人教版)It_him two weeks to prepare for the exam last month A.took B.takes C.will take D.has taken 答案：A 解析：由时间状语last month可知用一般过去时，take的过去式为took,句意为“上个月他花了 两周时间准备考试”。 (2023湖北武汉月考，外研版)How long does it_you to go to the airport by bus? A.spend B.take C.cost D.pay 答案：B 解析：句型It takes sb time to do sth中，助动词does后用动词原形take,问“乘公交去机场花你多 长时间”，不可用spend(主语需为人)或cost(主语需为物且指花费金钱)。 易错点三：There be句型中主谓一致及时态混淆 讲解： -基本结构：There be+主语+地点状语(be动词的单复数由最近的主语决定，即“就近原则”)。 -时态变化：现在时there is/are,过去时there was/were,将来时there will be/there is going to be。 -不可误用have/has(表示“拥有”，主语为人或物)代替be动词。 例句： 2 高中全国版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 -There is a book and two pens on the desk.(就近主语a book为单数，用is) -There were three apples in the basket yesterday..(一般过去时，主语three apples为复数，用were) 真题再现： (2024山东青岛期中，人教版)There_a football match and some basketball games in our school next week. A.is B.are C.will be D.was 答案：C 解析：由next week可知用将来时，there will be后接并列主语时仍遵循就近原则，但此处重点考 查时态，故选will be。 (2023四川成都期末，外研版)一low many students_in the classroom just now? 一There_twenty. A.are;are B.were;was C.were;were D.are;were 答案：C 解析：由just now可知用一般过去时，第一空主语students为复数，用were:第二空there be的主 语为twenty(students),复数，用were。 易错点四：“疑问词+不定式”结构中疑问词的搭配及成分混淆 讲解： 结构为“疑问词(what/when/where/how/which)+to do sth”,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。 ,疑问词需在不定式中充当成分：what作宾语(do what),when/where作状语(do sth when/where), how作方式状语(how to do),which后需接名词(which book to read)。 -不可用why(why do sth结构仅用于句首，如Why not do sth?)或if/whether(需用“whether to do sth”)。 例句： -Idon't know what to buy for my mother.(what作buy的宾语) -She taught me how to cook noodles..(how作方式状语) 真题再现： (2024全国卷Ⅱ模拟，人教版)Could you please tell meto get to the nearest post office? A.what B.how C.when D.where 答案：B 解析：句意为“你能告诉我如何到最近的邮局吗？”，“如何”用how,how to get to作tell的宾语 表方式。 高中全国版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 (2023北京朝阳区期中，北师大版)The question is_to solve this problem quickly. A.what B.which C.how D.where 答案：C 解析：表语从句中需用“疑问词+todo”,solve后已有宾语this problem,故用how(如何解决)， 而非what(解决什么)。 易错点五：”so/such.that..”结构中so与such的修饰对象混淆 讲解： so+adj./adv.+that.…(so修饰形容词或副词) -such+(a/an)+adj.+n.+hat.（such修饰名词，名词前需有形容词，单数可数名词前需加a/an) 例句： -He ran so fast that no one could catch him.(so修饰副词fast) -It was such a hot day that we stayed at home.(such修饰名词day,hot为形容词) 真题再现： (2024广东广州月考，人教版)The movie was_interesting that I watched it twice. A.so B.such C.very D.too 答案：A 解析：interesting为形容词，用so修饰，构成so.…that.结构，意为“电影如此有趣，以至于我看 了两遍”。 (2023湖南长沙期末，译林版)She is kind girl that everyone likes her. A.so B.such C.such a D.so a 答案：C 解析：kind girl为“形容词+单数可数名词”，用such a修饰，构成such akind girl that.结构，意 为“她是如此善良的女孩，以至于everyone喜欢她”。 易错点综合演练 综合演练 I单项选择（直击易错点） L.It is important一us to protect the environment.(易错点一) A for B of C with D to 2.It_them three hours to finish the project last Friday.(易错点二) 高中全国版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 A takes B took C will take D has taken 3.There一a pen and two notebooks on the desk just now.(易错点三) A is B are Cwas Dwere 4.Could you please show me_to start the machine?(易错点四) A what B how C when D where Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分) l.It was brave一(she)to save the child from the fire..(易错点一) 2.It usually_(take)me40 minutes to get to school by bike.(易错点二) 3.There_be)a football match in our school next Sunday.(易错点三) 4.She doesn't know_(what/how)to solve the math problem.(易错点四) Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用四大易错点） 用括号内单词的适当形式或合适的疑问词填空，使短文完整通顺。（人教版教材课文改编) Jane is my best friend.She often helps others.Last week,she spent two days helping an old lady. Everyone said it was kind 1.(of/for)her to do so.Every morning,it 2.(take)her 20 minutes to walk to the old lady's home.There 3.(be)many things to do,like cleaning the room and cooking meals. One day,the old lady asked Jane 4.-(how/what)to use the new phone.Jane was patient and taught her step by step V连词成句（聚焦易错句式） 1.it,is,necessary,for,to,exercise,every day,.us,()（易错点一) 2.me,two hours,it,took,finish,homework,to,my,yesterday,()(易错点二) 3.there,.wil,a,meeting,be,im,the,afternoon,tomorrow,()(易错点三) 4.how,you,tell,can,me,to,the,station,get to,(?)（易错点四) 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2.B3.C4B 5 高中全国版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.of 2.takes 3.will be 4.how III短文填空 1.of 2.took 3.were 4.how V.连词成句 1.It is necessary for us to exercise every day. 2.It took me two hours to finish my homework yesterday. 3.There will be a meeting in the afternoon tomorrow. 4.Can you tell me how to get to the station? 6