内容正文:
高中全国版
【语法专讲】
特殊结构与综合语法
语法专讲
主谓一致系统讲解
语法易错点精讲
学段:高中教材:全国版
年级:特殊结构与综合语法
语法认知
主谓一致=句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致,确保谓语动词的形式与主语的单复数或人
称相匹配。
易错点讲解
易错点一:集合名词作主语时的主谓一致混淆
讲解:
集合名词(如family,class,team,group等)作主语时,若强调整体概念,谓语动词用单数;若强调
个体成员,谓语动词用复数。
例句:
-The class is having a meeting.(班级整体在开会,单数)
-The class are doing different tasks.(班级成员各自做任务,复数)
真题再现:
1.(2024全国版教材配套期中,特殊结构与综合语法)The family一_watching TV together now.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
答案:B解析:family在此处强调“家庭成员”,谓语动词用复数,且now提示现在进行时,故选B。
2.(2023全国版教辅同步练习,特殊结构与综合语法)Our team一won the first prize.Everyone is
excited.
A.has B.have C.is D.are
答案:A解析:tea在此处强调整体“队伍”,谓语动词用单数,“赢得奖项”用现在完成时,故
选A。
易错点二:“分数/百分数+of什名词”作主语时的主谓一致错误
高中全国版
【语法专讲】
特殊结构与综合语法
讲解:
“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由of后的名词决定:名词为可数复数时,
谓语用复数:名词为不可数或单数可数名词时,谓语用单数。
例句:
-Two thirds of the students are girls..(students为复数,谓语用复数)
-One fifth of the water is polluted.(water为不可数名词,谓语用单数)
真题再现:
1.(2024全国版教材期末检测,特殊结构与综合语法)About70%of the earth's surface一covered
with water.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
答案:A解析:surface为不可数名词,谓语用单数,描述客观事实用一般现在时,故选A。
2.(2023全国版教辅语法专项,特殊结构与综合语法)Three fifths of the books一from the library
A.is B.are C.am D.be
答案:B解析:books为可数复数,谓语用复数,故选B。
易错点三:“neither.nor.”“either..or.”连接主语时的就近原则误用
讲解:
“neither..nor.”“either..or.”连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”,
即与靠近谓语的主语保持一致。
例句:
-Neither he nor I am interested in the film.(靠近谓语的主语是I,用aum)
-Either the teacher or the students are wrong..(靠近谓语的主语是students,用are)
真题再现:
1.(2024全国版教材单元测试,特殊结构与综合语法)Neither my parents nor my brother一at home
today.
A.is B.are C.be D.am
答案:A解析:靠近谓语的主语是my brother(单数),谓语用单数,故选A。
2.(2023全国版教辅名校联考,特殊结构与综合语法)Either you or your sister一to clean the room.
A.have B.has C.are D.is
答案:B解析:靠近谓语的主语是your sister(单数),“have to”表示“必须”,单数用has,故
选B。
易错点四:“the+形容词”表示一类人时的主谓一致错误
高中全国版
【语法专讲】
特殊结构与综合语法
讲解:
“the+形容词”(如the poor,the rich,the old)表示一类人时,视为复数,谓语动词用复数:表示抽
象概念时,视为单数,谓语动词用单数。
例句:
-The old are taken good care of in this community..(表示“老年人”,复数)
-The beautiful is always admired.(表示“美的事物”,单数)
真题再现:
1.(2024全国版教材期中模拟,特殊结构与综合语法)The young一usually full of energy and hope.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
答案:B解析:the young表示“年轻人”,为复数概念,谓语用复数,描述一般情况用一般现在
时,故选B。
2.(2023全国版教辅期末复习,特殊结构与综合语法)The new一always worth trying.
A.is B.are C.am D.be
答案:A解析:the new表示“新事物”,为抽象单数概念,谓语用单数,故选A。
易错点五:“there be'”句型中就近原则的忽视
讲解:
“there be”句型中,be动词的单复数由靠近be的名词(即第一个主语)决定,即“就近原则”。
例句:
-There is a book and two pens on the desk.(靠近be的a book是单数,用is)
-There are two pens and a book on the desk.(靠近be的two pens是复数,用are)
真题再现:
1.(2024全国版教材同步练习,特殊结构与综合语法)There一a football match and some concerts
in the stadium next month.
A.is B.are C.will be D.were
答案:A解析:next month提示一般将来时,there be句型的将来时结构为“there will be”或
“there is/are going to be'”,此处靠近be的“a football match”是单数,用is,故选A。
2.(2023全国版教辅语法强化,特殊结构与综合语法)There一some milk and apples in the fridge.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
答案:A解析:there be句型不能与have/has混用,靠近be的“some milk”是不可数名词,用
iS,故选A。
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高中全国版
【语法专讲】
特殊结构与综合语法
易错点综合演练
综合演练
1.单项选择(直击易错点)
l.Our class._planning a trip to the museum next week.(易错点一)
A.is B.are C.was D.were
2.Three fourths of the homework_already finished.(易错点二)
A.is B.are C.has D.have
3.Neither the students nor the teacher_late for the meeting yesterday..(易错点三)
A.is B.are C.was D.were
4.The poor_provided with food and shelters in the flood area.(易错点四)
A.is B.are C.was D.were
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(强化易错点区分)
l.The team_(be)having a training session on the playground now.(易错点一)
2.Two fifths of the land_be)covered with forests.(易错点二)
3.Either you or your brother_have)to take care of the sick cat.(易错点三)
4.The old in this village(be)well looked after by the young.(易错点四)
Ⅱ.短文填空(综合运用四大易错点)
用be动词的适当形式填空,使短文完整通顺:
Our school basketball team_very strong.Last year,the team_won the city championship.Now,half
of the players-new members.Neither the coach nor the captain-worried about the upcoming match.
The young-always full of energy,and the team-ready to fight for the next victory.There-a lot of
supporters coming to cheer them on.
V连词成句(聚焦易错句式)
1.family,the,dinner,are,having,together,()(易错点一)
2.the,population,of,40%,city,are,workers,.()(易错点二)
3.nor,I,he,interested,in,math,am,()(易错点三)
4.the,young,to,help,ty,should,old,we()(易错点四)
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高中全国版
【语法专讲】
特殊结构与综合语法
参考答案
I单项选择
1.A2.A3.C4B
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.are 2.is 3.has 4.are
L.短文填空
1.is 2.has
3.are 4.is 5.are 6.are 7.are
V.连词成句
1.The family are having dinner together.
2.40%of the city population are workers
3.Neither he nor I am interested in math.
4.We should try to help the old.
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