句法 名词性从句系统讲解-2025-2026学年高中英语语法易错点精讲（全国版）

高中全国版 【语法专版】 句法名词性从句系统讲解 语法专版 名词性从句系统讲解 高中语法易错点精讲 学段：高中教材：全国版 年级：句法 语法认知 在复合句中起名词作用的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，分别在句中 充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。 易错点讲解 易错点一：连接词that与what的混淆 讲解： that在名词性从句中仅起连接作用，无实际意义，不充当句子成分：what既起连接作用，又在从 句中充当主语、宾语或表语，意为“.的事物/内容”。 例句： -That he will come is certain.(that无意义，不充当成分，引导主语从句) ,What he said surprised us.(what在从句中作said的宾语，意为“他说的话”) 真题再现： (2024·全国新课标I卷，全国版)matters most in learning English is enough practice. A.What B.Why C.That D.Which 答案：A 解析：从句中缺少主语，需用what表示“的事物”，指代“最重要的东西”，而hat无实际意 义且不充当成分，故选A。 (2023·全国卷Ⅱ，全国版)The villagers have already knownwe'll do is to rebuild the bridge. A.this B.that C.what D.which 答案：C 解析：空处引导宾语从句，且从句中do后缺少宾语，需用wat表示“我们要做的事情”，hat不 1 高中全国版 【语法专版】 句法名词性从句系统讲解 充当成分，故选C。 易错点二：whether与if的误用 讲解： whether和if均可引导宾语从句表示“是否”，但以下情况只能用whether:(I)引导主语从句、表 语从句、同位语从句：(2)与or not直接连用；(3)作介词的宾语。 例句： -Whether he will come depends on the weather.(主语从句，只能用whether) -Idon't know if/whether he will come.(宾语从句，两者均可) 真题再现： (2024·北京卷，全国版)_we can go for a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.What 答案：B 解析：引导主语从句表示“是否”，只能用whether,if不能引导主语从句，故选B。 (2023·江苏苏州期中，全国版教辅)I'm not sureto stay at home or go out for a walk, A.if B.whether C.that D.how 答案：B 解析：与or not连用（此处省略or not),需用whether,构成“whether..or..”结构，故选B。 易错点三：同位语从句与定语从句的混淆 讲解： 同位语从句用于解释说明先行词的具体内容，先行词多为抽象名词（如fact,news,idea等），连接 词that在从句中不充当成分：定语从句用于修饰先行词，关系词(that/which/who等)在从句中充 当主语、宾语等成分。 例句： -The news that he won the game is true.(同位语从句，that无意义，不充当成分，解释news的内容) -The news that he told me is true..(定语从句，that指代news,在从句中作told的宾语) 真题再现： (2024·浙江卷，全国版)We heard the news_our team had won the match. A.which B.that C.what D.where 答案：B 解析：先行词news后从句解释其内容，为同位语从句，连接词that不充当成分，故选B。 2 高中全国版 【语法专版】 句法名词性从句系统讲解 (2023·湖北武汉期末，全国版教辅)The facthe mentioned yesterday is important A.that B.what C.how D.when 答案：A 解析：先行词fact后从句缺少宾语(mentioned后缺宾语)，为定语从句，关系词that指代fact并 作宾语，故选A。 易错点四：宾语从句的时态混淆 讲解： 主句为一般现在时，宾语从句可根据实际情沉况用任意时态：主句为一般过去时，宾语从句需用相 应的过去时态（如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等）：若从句陈述客观真理或事实，时态 不受主句影响，仍用一般现在时。 例句： -He says he will go to Beijing.(主句现在时，从句将来时) -He said he would go to Beijing..(主句过去时，从句过去将来时) -The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.(客观真理，用一般现在时) 真题再现： (2024·山东济南期中，全国版)My mother told me that lightfaster than sound. A.traveled B.travels C.will travel D.had traveled 答案：B 解析：从句陈述客观真理“光比声音传播快”，时态不受主句过去时影响，用一般现在时，故选B。 (2023·四川成都月考，全国版教辅)She asked me if I-to the Great Wall before. A.have been B.had been C.will be D.am 答案：B 解析：主句为一般过去时(asked),从句表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，故选B。 易错点五：名词性从句的语序错误 讲解： 名词性从句需用陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分”，不可用疑问语序。 例句： -Do you know where he lives?(正确，where后接陈述语序he lives) -Do you know where does he live?(错误，不可用疑问语序) 真题再现： (2024·广东卷，全国版)Can you tell me the meeting will start? 3 高中全国版 【语法专版】 句法名词性从句系统讲解 A.when B.when will C.when does D.when is 答案：A 解析：宾语从句需用陈述语序，“连接词when+主语the meeting+谓语will start”,故选A。 (2023·河南郑州期末，全国版)I wonderhe is late for school today.. A.why is B.why does C.why D.why was 答案：C 解析：宾语从句用陈述语序，“why+主语he+谓语is late”,选项中只有C符合陈述语序，故选C。 易错点综合演练 综合演练 I单项选择（直击易错点） l._he will attend the meeting is still unknown.(易错点二) A.If B.Whether C.That D.What 2.The team leader told us._the project would be completed by next month.(易错点四) A.that B.if C.when D.what 3.We all know the truth_hard work leads to success.（易错点三) A.which B.what C.that D.how 4.Can you explain_caused the delay in the flight?(易错点一) A.that B.what C.why D.how Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分)》 1.The teacher asked us if we_(finish)the homework before class.(易错点四) 2._we can solve this problem depends on teamwork.(易错点二) 3.The news_our team won the championship spread quickly.(易错点三) 4.She was curious about he had told his parents.(易错点一) Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用五大易错点） 用适当的连接词填空： Scientists have discovered 1.certain plants can communicate with each other through underground fungi.This explains 2.-some trees survive attacks by pests-they receive warnings from neighbor- ing plants.However,3.this phenomenon occurs in all ecosystems remains unclear.Researchers are 4 高中全国版 【语法专版】 句法名词性从句系统讲解 now studying 4.to replicate this communication mechanism in agricultural systems.They believe 5.understanding plant communication will help develop more sustainable farming methods. V连词成句（聚焦易错句式） l.he,said,what,surprised,everyone,()(易错点一) 2.whether,they,come,tomorrow,.or not,decide,can't,we,()(易错点二) 3.the,fact,that,she,passed,,the,exam,made,her,parents,.proud,()(易错点三) 4.the,teacher,told,us,the,moon,around,the,eath,goes,()(易错点四) 参考答案 I单项选择 1B2.A3.C4B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.had finished 2.Whether 3.that 4.what I短文填空 1.that 2.why 3.whether 4.how 5.that V.连词成句 1.What he said surprised everyone. 2.We can't decide whether they will come tomorrow or not. 3.The fact that she passed the exam made her parents proud. 4.The teacher told us the moon goes around the earth 5