句法 定语从句系统讲解-2025-2026学年高中英语语法易错点精讲（全国版）

高中全国版 【语法专版】 句法定语从句系统讲解 语法专版 定语从句系统讲解 高中语法易错点精讲 学段：高中教材：全国版 年级：句法 语法认知 定语从句系统讲解的基本概念和理解：定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句，在句中修饰名词或代 词，用于补充说明先行词的特征、性质或具体信息。 易错点讲解 易错点一：关系代词that与which的混用 讲解： 先行词指物时，关系代词that和which常可互换，但以下情况只能用that: l.先行词被序数词(first,second)、最高级(best,most)或the only,the very修饰时； 2.先行词是不定代词(all,everything,nothing,something)时； 3.先行词既指人又指物时。 只能用which的情况：非限制性定语从句中或介词后。 例句： -This is the best book that I have ever read..(先行词被最高级修饰，用that) The room in which he lives is very smal.(介词后用which) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国卷I模拟，人教版)This is the only dictionary can help you with your English. A.which B.that C.what D.who 答案：B解析：先行词被the only修饰，只能用关系代词that。 2.(2023江苏苏州期中，译林版)She showed me the photos_she took during her trip to Canada. A.who B.whom C.which D.what 高中全国版 【语法专版】 句法定语从句系统讲解 答案：C解析：先行词photos指物，非限制性定语从句中用wich(此处虽未加逗号，但选项中 无that干扰，且which符合常规指物用法)。 易错点二：关系代词who与whom的误用 讲解： 关系代词who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom仅作宾语（可省略）。口语中可用who代替whom 作宾语，但介词后必须用whom。 例句： -The girl who is talking to my mother is my sister.(who作主语) -The man whom/who you met yesterday is our teacher..(whom/who作宾语) -The boy with whom I played tennis was Tom.(介词后用whom) 真题再现： l.(2024湖北武汉月考，人教版)The doctor_we met in the hospital yesterday saved many lives.. A.which B.whom C.whose D.what 答案：B解析：先行词doctor指人，关系代词在从句中作mt的宾语，用whom。 2.(2023广东广州期末，北师大版)Is this the student you talked about just now? A.who B.whose C.whom D.which 答案：C解析：先行词student指人，关系代词作about的宾语，用whom(此处可省略，但选项 中需选whom)。 易错点三：关系副词where/when/why与关系代词的混淆 讲解： 关系副词where(指地点)、when(指时间)、why(指原因)在从句中作状语，相当于“介词 +which”:若从句缺主语或宾语，则需用关系代词(that/which/who)。 例句： -This is the school where I studied.(where作地点状语，相当于in which) -I still remember the day when we first met..(when作时间状语，相当于on which) ,The reason why he was late is unknown.(why作原因状语，相当于for which) 真题再现： 1.(2024山东济南期中，人教版)This is the city_my father worked three years ago A.which B.when C.where D.that 2 高中全国版 【语法专版】 句法定语从句系统讲解 答案：C解析：先行词city指地点，从句中worked后缺状语，用where(相当于in which)。 2.(2023浙江杭州期末，外研版)I'll never forget the time_we spent together in the countryside A.which B.when C.where D.why 答案：A解析：先行词time指物，从句中spent后缺宾语(spent the time),用关系代词which/.that。 易错点四：whose与“of which,/whom”的转换错误 讲解： 关系代词wose表示“…的”，既可指人也可指物，后接名词。指物时可转换为“the+名词+ of which”:指人时可转换为“the+名词+of whom”。 例句： -This is the girl whose mother is a doctor.(-the mother of whom) -I bought a book whose cover is red.(=the cover of which) 真题再现： 1.(2024四川成都模拟，人教版)The house_windows face south is mine.. A.which B.that C.whose D.who 答案：C解析：先行词house与windows为所属关系，用whose修饰windows(=the windows of which)。 2.(2023陕西西安期中，北师大版)Do you know the boy_father is a famous artist? A.whom B.whose C.which D.who 答案：B解析：先行词boy与father为所属关系，用whose作定语。 易错点五：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的混淆 讲解： 限制性定语从句无逗号隔开，修饰先行词不可省略：非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开，补充说明先 行词，可省略，且不可用that引导。 例句： -My brother who works in Beijing is coming.(限制性：我在北京工作的哥哥要来，暗含多个哥哥) -My brother,who works in Beijing,.is coming.(非限制性：我哥哥要来，他在北京工作，仅一个哥 哥) 3 高中全国版 【语法专版】 句法定语从句系统讲解 真题再现： 1.(2024全国卷Ⅱ模拟，译林版)Our English teacher_is very kind often helps us with our studies. A.who B.whom C.which D.that 答案：A解析：非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开，指人且作主语，用who(不可用that)。 2.(2023上海浦东期末，牛津版)She has two sons,_are doctors.. A.that B.whom C.who D.which 答案：C解析：非限制性定语从句指人(sons),作主语用who,不可用that。 易错点综合演练 综合演练 I单项选择（直击易错点) l.The novel_was written by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages.(易错点一) A.who B.that C.what D./ 2.The nurse_we asked for help yesterday is very patient.(易错点二) A.whom B.whose C.which D.what 3.This is the village_my grandparents lived for fifty years.(易错点三) A.when B.where C.which D.why 4.The dictionary_cover is blue belongs to our library.（易错点四) A.whose B.which C.who D.that Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词/副词填空（强化易错点区分） l.The first lesson_we learned this term is about environmental protection.(易错点一) 2.The scientist一you met at the conference won the Nobel Prize..(易错点二) 3.I still remember the day._I joined the school English club.(易错点三) 4.This is the factory一products are sold all over the world.(易错点四) Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用四大易错点） 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空，使短文完整通顺。（人教版教材课文改编) Mr.Li is a teacher-has worked in our school for 20 years.He often tells us stories about the students -he taught in the past.Last week,he showed us a photowas taken in 2005.In the photo,there is a classroom_windows are very clean.He said the classroom was the placehe spent most of his time. The students_were in the photo have become doctors,engineers and teachers now. 4 高中全国版 【语法专版】 句法定语从句系统讲解 V.句型转换（聚焦易错句式）将下列句子改为含有定语从句的复合句。 l.This is the school.I studied in this school three years ago.(易错点三) 2.The girl won the competition.Her parents are both musicians..（易错点四) 3.We visited the museum.It was built in the 19 th century.（易错点一) 4.The man answered the phone.He is my uncle.(易错点二) 参考答案 I.单项选择 1B2.A3.B4.A Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词/副词填空 1.that 2.whom/who 3.when 4.whose II.短文填空 1.who/that 2.whom/who/that 3.which/that 4.whose 5.where 6.who/that L短文填空 1.who/that 2.whom/who/that 3.which/that 4.whose 5.where 6.who/that V.句型转换 1.This is the school where I studied three years ago. 2.The girl whose parents are both musicians won the competition. 3.We visited the museum which/that was built in the 19th century. 4.The man who/whom answered the phone is my uncle. 5