基础动词用法 情态动词系统讲解-2025-2026学年高中英语语法易错点精讲（全国版）

高中全国版 【寒假专版】 基础动词用法语法精讲 寒假专版 情态动词系统讲解 寒假语法易错点精讲 学段：高中教材：全国版年级：基础动词用法 语法认知 情态动词(can,may,must,should,.will等)=表示说话人的语气或态度（如能力、许可、义务、推 测等)，在句中需与动词原形一起构成谓语。 易错点讲解 易错点一：can与be able to的混淆 讲解： can只有现在时(can)和过去时(could):be able to有更多时态（如现在完成时、将来时等），且 强调通过努力达成的能力。 例句：She can swim.(能力)→She was able to swim across the river yesterday.(成功做到) 真题再现： (2024全国版教材配套期中卷)I_ride a bike when I was five,but now I一drive a car. A can;can B could;am able to C am able to;could D could;can able to 答案：B 解析：第一空表示过去的能力用could:第二空强调现在具备的能力（通过学习获得），用am able to。 (2023全国版教辅书同步练习)My sister一speak English well after three years of practice. A can B could C is able to D was able to 答案：C 解析：句中“after three years of practice”强调努力后的结果，且时态为现在时，用is able to 易错点二：may与might的语气混淆 1 高中全国版 【寒假专版】 基础动词用法语法精讲 讲解： may表示“可能”（可能性较大）或“允许”；might表示“可能”（可能性较小）或过去时的“允 许”，语气更委婉。 例句：It may rain tomorrow.(较确定)→It might rain tomorrow.(不确定) 真题再现 (2024全国版教材单元测试)一_I borrow your dictionary?一Sure,here you are. A Must B Might C Should D May 答案：D 解析：表示请求允许，用may语气更正式，符合基础阶段用法。 (2023全国版期末统考卷)The story一be true,butI’m not sure. A may B must C should D need 答案：A 解析：由“not sure”可知可能性较小，用may(night虽更弱，但全国版教材基础阶段优先选may)。 易错点三：must与have to的混用 讲解： must表示主观“必须”（强调说话人意愿）：haveto表示客观“不得不”（受外界因素影响），有更 多时态变化。 例句：I must study hard.(自己决定)→I have to study hard because of the exam.(考试要求) 真题再现： (2024全国版基础动词用法专题卷)You一wear a seat belt when you drive a car..t's the law. A must B have to Cmay D can 答案：B 解析：“it's the law”表示客观规定，用have to。 (2023全国版同步练习)I一finish my homework first before watching TV,my mom said A must B have to C must to D have 答案：A 解析：强调妈妈的主观要求，用must(have to侧重客观，但此处“my mom said”更符合nust的 主观语气)。 易错点四：情态动词表推测的否定形式错误 高中全国版 【寒假专版】 基础动词用法语法精讲 讲解： must表推测时，否定用can't(不可能)，不用mustn't:may/might表推测时，否定用may not/might not(可能不)。 例句：He can't be at hom.(不可能)→He may not come..(可能不来) 真题再现： (2024全国版期中统考卷)一Is that Mr.Li?一No,it_be him.He is in Beijing now. A mustn't B can't Cmay not Dneedn't 答案：B 解析：由“in Beijing”可知“不可能”是李先生，用can’t表否定推测。 (2023 全国版单元测试)The answer一be right,,but I need to check again. A mustn't B can't C may not D should not 答案：C 解析：表示“可能不正确”，用may not(can’t语气过于绝对，不符合“need to check”的不确定 性)。 易错点五：need作情态动词与实义动词的混淆 讲解： need作情态动词时，后接动词原形，否定直接加not(needn’t),用于否定句/疑问句：作实义动 词时，后接todo,否定借助don’t/doesn’t,可用于各种句式。 例句：You needn’tgo.(情态动词)→You don’tneed to go.(实义动词) 真题再现： (2024全国版期末复习卷)一Must I hand in the report today?-No,you一.You can do it tomorrow. A needn't B mustn't C don'tneedD need not to 答案：A 解析：must开头的疑问句否定回答用needn’t(情态动词用法)。 (2023 全国版基础动词用法练习)She一to buy a new pen because hers is broken.. A need B needs C needn'tD doesn't need 答案：B 解析：句中need后接to buy,.为实义动词，主语she是第三人称单数，用needs。 易错点综合演练 3 高中全国版 【寒假专版】 基础动词用法语法精讲 综合演练 I,单项选择（直击易错点） 1.She_solve the math problem now after practicing for a week.（易错点一) A can B could C is able to D was able to 2.一一I use your phone to call my mom?(易错点二) A Must B Might C Should D May 3.We_wear uniforms at school every day..It's the school rule.(易错点三) A must B have to C may D can 4.The news_be true because he never tells lies.(易错点四) A mustn't B can't C may not D needn't Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分） l.My brother一(can）swim across the river last summer after training.(易错点一) 2.It_(may)rain later,.but let's go out anyway..（易错点二) 3.They_(must)finish the project by Friday because the boss asked for it.（易错点三) 4.This一(must)be Lucy'sbag.Hers has a red ribbon.(易错点四) Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用四大易错点） 用适当的情态动词填空： My name is Lily.I1.-(can)play the piano when I was six,but now I 2.-(be ableto)play more difficult pieces after years of practice.My mom saysI 3.-(must)practice every day,but sometimesI4.-(have to)stop early because of homework.It 5.(may)rain tomorrow,so we might practice indoors.This piano 6.-(can)be my grandma's old one.She gave it to me last year. V连词成句（聚焦易错句式） 1.able to,after,she,was,the exam,pass,studying,hard,()（易错点一) 2.I,borrow,your,may,dictionary,,(?)（易错点二) 3.have to,leave,early,we,because,.the bus,comes,soon,()(易错点三) 4.be,that,can't,M.Wang,He,in,Shanghai,.is,()(易错点四) 参考答案 4 高中全国版 【寒假专版】 基础动词用法语法精讲 I单项选择 1.C2.D3.B4.A Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.was able to 2.might 3.have to 4.must III.短文填空 1.could 2.am able to 3.must 4.have to 5.may 6.must V.连词成句 1.She was able to pass the exam after studying hard. 2.May I borrow your dictionary? 3.We have to leave early because the bus comes soon. 4.That can't be Mr.Wang.He is in Shanghai.