基础动词用法 非谓语动词分类系统讲解-2025-2026学年高中英语语法易错点精讲（全国版）

高中全国版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法非谓语动词分类系统讲解 语法专版 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 高中基础动词用法精讲 学段：高中教材：全国版年级：基础动词用法 语法认知 非谓语动词=不能作谓语但具有动词特征的动词形式，包括不定式、动名词和分词，在句中可作 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。 易错点讲解 易错点一：不定式符号”o”的遗漏与多余 讲解： 使役动词(let/make/have)和感官动词(see/hear/watch/feel)后接不带to的不定式作宾补，但变为 被动语态时需还原to:情态动词后接不带to的动词原形，而某些固定搭配（如want/decide/refuse) 必须接带to的不定式。 例句： -主动：I saw him play basketball.（感官动词后不带to) -被动：He was seen to play basketball.(被动语态还原to) -错误：She decided go shopping.(正确：decided to go) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版教材配套教辅)We often hear her一English songs in the morning. A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sings 答案：A 解析：感官动词her后接不带to的不定式作宾补，强调动作全过程，故选A。 2.(2023全国版教材地区期中)The teacher made Tom_his homework again because of mistakes. A.do B.to do C.doing D.done 答案：A 高中全国版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法非谓语动词分类系统讲解 解析：使役动词make后接不带to的不定式作宾补，主动语态中用动词原形do,故选A。 易错点二：现在分词与过去分词作定语的混淆 讲解： 现在分词(doing)作定语表示主动或进行的动作，修饰物；过去分词(done)作定语表示被动或 完成的动作，修饰人或物。 例句： -主动：a barking dog(正在吠的狗，dog主动发出bark动作) -被动：a broken window(被打破的窗户，window承受break动作) -错误：a surprised news（正确：surprising news,news本身“令人惊讶”) 真题再现： l.(2024全国版教材地区期末)Look!The girl一under the tree is my sister. A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads 答案：B 解析：girl与read是主动关系，用现在分词reading作定语，表“正在读书的女孩”，故选B。 2.(2023全国版教材配套月考)We should help those一people after the earthquake.. A.injuring B.injured C.to injure D.injure 答案：B 解析：people与injure是被动关系，用过去分词injured作定语，表“受伤的人们”，故选B。 易错点三：动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别 讲解： 动名词(doig)作主语表示习惯性、经常性的动作；不定式(todo)作主语表示具体的、一次性 的或未发生的动作，常借助t作形式主语。 例句： -习惯性：Swimming is good for health.(动名词表习惯) -具体性：To finish the task in time is difficult.(不定式表具体动作，可转换为It is difficult to finish.) -错误：To smoke is bad habit..(正确：Smoking is a bad habit,表习惯性行为) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版教材地区中考模)一English every morning is a good way to improve pronunciation, A.Read B.Reading C.To read D.Reads 答案：B 解析：句中表习惯性动作“每天读英语”，用动名词Reading作主语，故选B。 2 高中全国版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法非谓语动词分类系统讲解 2.(2023全国版教材教辅练习)It is important=carefully in class. A.listen B.listening C.to listen D.listened 答案：C 解析：句中表具体动作“在课堂上认真听讲”，用不定式to liste作真正主语，it为形式主语，故 选C。 易错点四：非谓语动词的逻辑主语错误 讲解： 非谓语动词(doing/to do/done)的逻辑主语需与主句主语一致，否则会导致“悬垂结构”错误。 例句： -正确：Walking in the park,I met an old friend.(I是walking的逻辑主语) -错误：Looking out of the window,the trees are green.(trees不能发出look动作，应改为：Looking out of the window,I saw the trees are green. 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版教材地区期中)_the ma即，we found the way to the museum easily. A.Follow B.Following C.Followed D.To follow 答案：B 解析：we是follow的逻辑主语，主动关系，用现在分词Following作状语，表伴随动作，故选B。 2.(2023全国版教材期末检测)-by the teacher,he decided to study harder. A.Encourage B.Encouraging C.Encouraged D.To encourage 答案：C 解析：he与encourage是被动关系（被老师鼓励），用过去分词Encouraged作状语，故选C。 易错点五：forget//remember/regret后接非谓语动词的区别 讲解： -forget/remember/regret+doing:表示“忘记/记得/后悔做过某事”（动作已发生）： -forget/remember/regret-+todo:表示“忘记/记得/后悔要去做某事”（动作未发生）。 例句： -已发生：I regret telling her the secret..(后悔告诉了她秘密) -未发生：Don't forget to lock the door.(别忘了去锁门) -错误：I remember to meet him yesterday..(正确：remember meeting,“记得昨天见过他”") 3 高中全国版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法非谓语动词分类系统讲解 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版教材地区月考)一Did you remember_the lights before leaving the classroom? -Yes,I did. A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn off D.turned off 答案：C 解析：“记得去做某事（未发生）”用remember to do,此处指“离开前记得关灯”，动作未发生，故选C。 2.(2023全国版教材配套练习)She regretted=back to her parents when they advised her. A.talk B.talking C.to talk D.talked 答案：B 解析：“后悔做过某事（己发生）”用regret doing,此处指“后悔顶嘴”，动作己发生，故选B。 易错点综合演练 综合演练 I单项选择（直击易错点） l.He was made_his homework again by the teacher.(易错点一) A.do B.to do C.doing D.done 2.The-child is crying because of the scary story.(易错点二) A.frightening B.frightened C.frighten D.frightens 3.=early is good for your health.(易错点三) A.Get up B.Getting up C.To get up D.Gets up 4.-the news,.she couldn't help crying.（易错点四) A.Hear B.Hearing C.Heard D.To hear Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分） l.I forgot_(close)the window when I left.Now it's raining heavily.(易错点五) 2.The girl三(dance)on the stage is my best friend.(易错点二) 3._(swim)in the river alone is very dangerous.(易错点三) 4.(see)from the top of the mountain,.the city looks beautiful.(易错点四) Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用四大易错点） 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Last Sunday,I decided_(go)to the park with my friends.(易错点一)On the way,we saw a dog 4 高中全国版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法非谓语动词分类系统讲解 (Iie)on the road.(易错点二)We were worried and tried_(help)it.(易错点五)_(find)its owner, we asked many people around.(易错点三)Finally,an old man came and said the dog was his..He thanked us again and again. V连词成句（聚焦易错句式） l.remember,.to,buy,I,need,milk,()(易错点五) 2.the,is,book,on,desk,the,written,by,LuXn,()(易错点二) 3.it,important,is,exercise,every,day,to,()(易错点三) 4.the,room,cleaning,she,was,when,I,entered,()(易错点四) 参考答案 L单项选择 1B2.B3.B4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.to close 2.dancing 3.Swimming 4.Seen I.短文填空 1.to go 2.lying 3.to help 4.To find V.连词成句 1.I need to remember to buy milk. 2.The book written by Lu Xun is on the desk. 3.It is important to exercise every day. 4.She was cleaning the room when I entered. 5