基础词法 冠词与数词系统讲解-2025-2026学年高中英语语法易错点精讲（全国版）

高中全国版 【基础词法】 冠词与数词系统讲解 基础词法 冠词与数词系统讲解 高中语法易错点精讲 学段：高中教材：全国版年级：基础词法 语法认知 冠词(a,an,the)用于名词前，a/an表示泛指“一个”，the表示特指“这个/那个”；数词分为基数 词（表示数量，如one,two)和序数词（表示顺序，如first,second)。 易错点讲解 易错点一：不定冠词a/an的混用 以辅音音素开头的单词前用a,以元音音素开头的单词前用an(需注意单词发音而非字母)。 例句：She has a university degree..(university以/ju:/辅音音素开头) He wants an honest friend.(honest以o/元音音素开头) 真题再现 (2024全国版基础词法同步练习)There is_h”in the word"hour” A.a B.an C.the D./ 答案：B 解析：字母h”在hour”中不发音，第一个音素为/'a/(元音音素)，故用an。 (2023全国版基础词法单元测试)My father is_engineer and my mother is一doctor. A.a;a B.an;an C.an;a D.a;an 答案：C 解析：engineer以/.end3'nla(r)/元音音素开头，用an:doctor以/'dokta()/辅音音素开头，用a。 易错点二：定冠词the与零冠词的混淆（指独一无二的事物） 高中全国版 【基础词法】 冠词与数词系统讲解 世界上独一无二的事物（如sun,moon,earth)前需用he:但当此类名词前有形容词修饰时，若表 示泛指’一个…的事物”，可用不定冠词。 例句：The sun rises in the east.(独一无二，用the) We need a brighter sun for the photos.（形容词修饰，表泛指，用a) 真题再现 (2024全国版基础词法期末真题)moon goes around_earth every27days. A.A;a B.The;the C.The;/D./the 答案：B 解析：moon和earth均为独一无二的天体，前需加定冠词the。 (2023全国版基础词法专项练习)一What's that in the sky? -It looks like UFO,but maybe it'splane. A.a;a B.the;the C.an;a D./; 答案：A 解析：UFO(/ju:ef'ao/)以辅音音素开头，plane(plem/)以辅音音素开头，均表泛指，用a。 易错点三：基数词与序数词的功能混淆 基数词表示数量(one,two,three…),序数词表示顺序(first,,second,third-…),序数词前通常加the (除非有形容词性物主代词修饰)。 例句：I have two books.(基数词表数量) He won the first prize.(序数词表顺序，加the) Her third birthday is next week.(形容词性物主代词her修饰序数词，不加the) 真题再现 (2024全国版基础词法月考真题)Today is Tom'sbirthday..Heis12 years old, A.twelve B.twelfth C.the twelve D.the twelfth 答案：B 解析：表示”第十二个生日”用序数词twelfth,因前面有形容词性物主代词Tom's,故不加the。 (2023全国版基础词法同步测试)There are_students in our class,and Lily is.一one. A.thirty,the ninth B.thirty,ninth C.thirtieth;nine D.thirtieth;the nine 答案：A 解析：第一空表数量用基数词thirty:第二空表顺序用序数词ninth,前加he。 易错点四：”hundred/thousand'”与”hundreds/.thousands'”的误用 2 高中全国版 【基础词法】 冠词与数词系统讲解 基数词+hundred/housand(不加s,后直接接名词)：hundreds/thousands of(加s,后接名词，表不 确定数量)。 例句：Three hundred people attended the meeting..(具体数量，不加s) Thousands of birds fly south in winter..(不确定数量，加s和of) 真题再现 (2024全国版基础词法单元真题)visitors came to the museum last month,and_them were children. A.Five thousand;two hundred of B.Five thousands;two hundreds of C.Five thousand of two hundred D.Five thousands of.two hundreds 答案：A 解析：具体数量”五千'用five thousand,”两百名游客'用two hundred of them,hundred/thousand 前有基数词时不加s。 (2023全国版基础词法期末练习)trees have been planted in the park since2020. A.Two thousand B.Thousands of C.Thousand of D.Two thousands 答案：B 解析：表示不确定数量”成千上万'用housands of,A选项two thousand后需接名词复数，此处 trees前无限定词，故B正确。 易错点五：”a number of”与”the number of"的主谓一致错误 a number of+可数名词复数，意为”许多”，作主语时谓语动词用复数：the number of-+可数名词复 数，意为”…的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 例句：A number of students are late today.(许多学生，复数谓语) The number of students in our class is45.(学生数量，单数谓语) 真题再现 (2024全国版基础词法专项真题)_books in the library一over 10,000. A.The number of,is B.A number of;is C.The number of,are D.A number of;are 答案：A 解析：”图书馆书籍的数量”用the number of,谓语动词用单数is:a number of表”许多”，谓语用 复数，与句意不符。 (2023全国版基础词法同步测试)tourists visit this city every year,and一still increasing A.A number of;the number is B.The number of;a number are C.A number of;a number are D.The number of,the number is 答案：A 3 高中全国版 【基础词法】 冠词与数词系统讲解 解析：第一空许多游客用a number of:第二空”数量在增长”用the number(单数)作主语，谓 语用is。 易错点综合演练 综合演练 I.单项选择（直击易错点) l.There is_”u"in the word"usual.(易错点一) A.a B.an C.the D./ 2.Sun is much bigger than Moon.(易错点二) A.The;the B.A;a C.The;D./;the 3.My mother's_birthday party will be held next Sunday.(易错点三) A.forty B.fortieth C.the forty D.the fortieth 4.teachers in our school_over200.（易错点五) A.The number of;is B.Anumber of,is C.The number of;are D.Anumber of;are Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分） l._(hundred)of workers are building the new hospital now.(易错点四) 2.Three_(thousand)trees were planted last spring.(易错点四) 3.A number of students_(be)playing basketball on the playground.（易错点五) 4.The number of these books_(be)500.(易错点五) IⅡ.短文填空（综合运用四大易错点） 用适当的冠词或数词形式填空，使短文完整通顺： _earth is our home.We should protect it.Last year,I planted 1.-(hundred)trees with my classmates. Now,number of them is growing well.There is_small garden near our school.In_garden,you can see many flowers.A friend of mine told me that_UFO was seen there last night,but I think it might be -plane. V.连词成句（聚焦易错句式） 1.sun,the,gives,us,light,.and,heat,()(易错点二) 2.have,I,two,pens,the,Ied,one,is,my,()（易错点三) 3.thousand,.people,visited,the,museum,yesterday,.five,()(易错点四) 4.number,,the,of,students,in,our,class,.is,fifty,.()（易错点五) 4 高中全国版 【基础词法】 冠词与数词系统讲解 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3B4.A Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Hundreds 2.thousand 3.are 4.is L.短文填空 The 2.hundred 3.the 4.a 5.the 6.a 7.a V.连词成句 1.The sun gives us light and heat 2.I have two pens,the red one is mine. 3.Five thousand people visited the museum yesterday. 4.The number of students in our class is fifty. 5