核心时态与语态 被动语态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高中英语语法易错点精讲（全国版）

高中全国版 【核心语法】 被动语态系统讲解 核心语法 被动语态系统讲解 高中核心时态与语态精讲 学段：高中 教材：全国版年级：核心时态与语态 语法认知 被动语态=表示主语是动作承受者的语态，由b动词+过去分词”构成，强调动作的承受者而非 执行者。 易错点讲解 易错点一：主动语态变被动语态时时态不一致 讲解： 被动语态的时态由be动词+过去分词”构成，需保持与原主动语态时态一致。常见错误为忽略be 动词的时态变化（如一般现在时用am/is/are,一般过去时用was/were等）。 例句：主动：They make cars in this factory.→被动：Cars are made in this factory.(一般现在时，be 动词用are) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版教材配套期中卷)Many trees一(plant)in the park last spring A.plant B.planted C.were planted D.are planted 答案：C解析：由'last spring”可知时态为一般过去时，被动语态be动词用were,后接过去分 词planted。 2.(2023全国版教辅《语法通关》)English一widely一(speak)in the world now. A.is;spoke B.is;spoken C.was;spoke D.was;spoken 答案：B解析：由”now”可知时态为一般现在时，被动语态be动词用is,spek的过去分词为 spoken。 易错点二：及物动词与不及物动词的被动语态误用 高中全国版 【核心语法】 被动语态系统讲解 讲解： 被动语态仅适用于及物动词（可直接接宾语的动词），不及物动词（如happen、appear、arrive等） 无被动语态。 例句：正确：The accident happened yesterday.(happen为不及物动词，无被动语态)一错误：The accident was happened yesterday. 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版教材期末真题)A strange sound一from the next room just now. A.was heard B.heard C.was happened D.happened 答案：D解析：happen为不及物动词，无被动语态，由just now”可知用一般过去时happened。 2.(2023全国版《同步练习》)Great changes一in our city since2020. A.have taken place B.have been taken place C.took place D.were taken place 答案：A解析：take place为不及物动词短语，无被动语态，由”since2020”可知用现在完成时 have taken place 易错点三：带双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时保留介词 讲解： 主动语态中”主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构，变被动语态时，若将间接宾语作主语，直 接宾语前需加介词to/for(如give sb.sth.→sb.be given sth.或sth.be given to sb.)。 例句：主动：He gave me a book.→被动：I was given a book.或A book was given to me. 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版模拟卷)My mother bought me a new dress..（改为被动语态) A new dress me by my mother. A.was;bought;to B.was,bought;for C.is;bought;to D.is;bought;for 答案：B解析：buy后接双宾语时，被动语态中直接宾语作主语，需用'be bought for sb.”,由主 动句时态可知用一般过去时was bought for。 2.(2023全国版单元测试)The teacher handed us the exam papers.(改为被动语态) We_-the exam papers by the teacher. A.were;handed to B.were;handed C.are;handed to D.are;handed 答案：B解析：hand的双宾语结构变被动时，间接宾语us作主语，直接宾语the exam papers可 直接跟在动词后，无需加介词，由主动句时态可知用一般过去时were handed。 易错点四：感官动词和使役动词的被动语态省略o 2 高中全国版 【核心语法】 被动语态系统讲解 讲解： 主动语态中感官动词(see/hear/watch等)和使役动词(make/let/have等)后接不带to的不定式作 宾补，变被动语态时需还原to。 例句：主动：We saw him enter the room.→被动：He was seen to enter the room. 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版期中真题)People often see her一in the park.(改为被动语态) She is often seen-in the park A.dance;dance B.to dance;dance C.dance;to dance D.to dance;to dance 答案：C解析：主动语态中see后接不带to的不定式dance:变被动语态时需还原to,即be seen to dance. 2.(2023全国版《语法专项训练》)The boss made the workers work12 hours a day..(改为被动语态) The workers__-work 12 hours a day by the boss. A.were;made;/B.were;made;to C.are;made;/D.are;made;to 答案：B解析：make在主动语态中接不带to的不定式，被动语态中需还原to,由主动句时态可 知用一般过去时were made to。 易错点五：被动语态与”be叶过去分词”作表语的混淆 讲解： 被动语态表示动作（强调'被做”），而b+过去分词”作表语表示状态（强调主语的性质或特征）。 例句：被动：The window was broken by Tom.(动作，窗户被Tom打破了)→表语：The window is broken.(状态，窗户是破的) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国版期末卷)Look at the door.It一locked..Who did it? -Maybe my father.He left just now. A.is B.was C.has been D.will be 答案：B解析：由Who did it??”可知强调”被锁”的动作，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的 被动语态was locked。 2.(2023全国版教辅)The library一since last month.It will open next week. A.was closed B.has been closed C.is closed D.will be closed 答案：B解析：由”since last month”可知强调”关闭”的状态持续到现在，用现在完成时的被动 语态has been closed(此处被动语态表状态)。 3 高中全国版 【核心语法】 被动语态系统讲解 易错点综合演练 综合演练 1.单项选择（直击易错点） l.The old house-last summer and now it looks new.(易错点一) A.repaired B.was repaired C.is repaired D.repairs 2.A terrible earthquake_in the south of China in2008.（易错点二) A.was happened B.happened C.was taken place D.took place 3.My brother_a new bike by my parents last birthday.（易错点三) A.was given to B.gave C.was given D.was bought for 4.The children were made_their homework before watching TV.(易错点四) A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分） l.Many trees_(plant)in our neighborhood every spring..(易错点一) 2.A funny story_(tell)by Grandpa when we visited him last week.(易错点一) 3.The meeting一hold)in the meeting room tomorrow.(易错点一) 4.A car accident一happen)at the crossing just now.(易错点二) Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用四大易错点） 用所给动词的适当形式填空： Today,I want to share a story about my school life.Last month,our class-(choose)to take part in the English play competition.Our teacher said we_(give)two weeks to prepare.We were so excited! Every day after school,we practiced carefully.Last Friday,the competition_(hold)in the school hall. Many students and teachers-(invite)to watch it.When our play was on,everyone sat quietly.At the end,we_(cheer)loudly by the audience.We felt so proud because we knew our efforts_(pay off). However,I also learned that success_(not happen)easily.It needs hard work and teamwork. V,句型转换（聚焦易错句式转换） l.They will build a new hospital in this area next year.（改为被动语态)（易错点一） 2.People speak English as a second language in many countries..(改为被动语态)（易错点一） 3.My mother bought me a nice dress on my birthday..(改为被动语态，用间接宾语作主语)（易错 点三) 高中全国版 【核心语法】 被动语态系统讲解 4. The teacher makes the students do morning exercises every day.(改为被动语态)（易错点四） 参考答案 I单项选择 1B2.B3.C4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.are planted 2.was told 3.will be held 4.happened ⅡI.短文填空 1.was chosen 2.were given 3.was held 4.were invited 5.were cheered 6.had been paid off 7.does not happen V.句型转换 1.A new hospital will be built in this area next year. 2.English is spoken as a second language in many countries. 3.I was bought a nice dress by my mother on my birthday. 4.The students are made to do morning exercises by the teacher every day. 5