Unit 2动词不定式作定语和结果状语-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法易错点精讲（译林版）

高中译林版 【寒假专版】 必修3语法精讲 寒假专版 动词不定式作定语和结果状语专项训练 寒假语法易错点精讲 学段：高中教材：译林版 年级：必修3 语法认知 动词不定式作定语和结果状语：动词不定式(t0+动词原形)分别修饰名词作定语和表示动作发生 后产生的结果作结果状语，在句中可作定语和结果状语。 易错点讲解 易错点一：动词不定式作定语时与被修饰名词的逻辑关系混淆 讲解： 动词不定式作定语时，需明确与被修饰名词的逻辑关系（主谓、动宾或同位关系）。若为动宾关系， 不定式中的动词须为及物动词，且名词为其逻辑宾语：若为不及物动词，需补充介词。 例句： -正确：I have a letter to write.(write与letter是动宾关系，letter是write的逻辑宾语) -错误：I need a room to live.(live是不及物动词，需补充介词in,应为to live in) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏南京期中，译林版)We have a lot of homework_tonight. A.do B.to do C.doing D.done 答案：B解析：不定式todo作定语修饰homework,二者是动宾关系，homework是do的逻辑 宾语，符合译林版教材语法要求。 2.(2023江苏苏州期末，译林版)She is looking for a pen一 A.to write B.writing C.to write with D.written 答案：C解析：write是不及物动词，与pen构成“write with a pen”的逻辑关系，需补充介词 with,故选C。 易错点二：动词不定式作结果状语时与“only to do'”结构的误用 1 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 必修3语法精讲 讲解： 不定式作结果状语通常表示“意外的、不愉快的结果”，常与only连用构成“only to do”结构：若 表示“自然结果”，多用现在分词。需注意区分“意外结果”与“自然结果”。 例句： -意外结果：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已 经开走了。) -自然结果：It rained heavily,.causing the river to rise.（雨下得很大，导致河水上涨。) 真题再现： 1.(2024浙江杭州月考，译林版)He returned home from abroad,_his father had passed away. A.only to learn B.learning C.learned D.to learn 答案：A解析：“父亲去世”是“回国”后意外得知的结果，用only to learn符合“意外结果” 的语法规则，译林版必修3Ut2语法重点强调此结构。 2.(2023安徽合肥期中，译林版)She studied hard day and night,,一first place in the exam A.only to win B.winning C.to win D.won 答案：B解析：“努力学习”与“获得第一”是自然结果，用现在分词winning,而非“only to do”表意外结果，排除A。 易错点三：动词不定式作定语时与定语从句的混淆 讲解： 不定式作定语与定语从句均可修饰名词，但不定式更简洁，通常表示“将要发生的动作”；定语从 句可表示“已经发生或习惯性动作”。需根据语境判断动作时态。 例句： -不定式（表将来）：I have a meeting to attend tomorrow.(明天要参加的会议) -定语从句（表已发生）：The meeting that I attended yesterday was important.(昨天参加的会议) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏无锡期末，译林版)Do you have any books三next term? A.to read B.reading C.read D.which read 答案：A解析：“下学期要读的书”表示将来动作，用不定式to read作定语，符合译林版教材 对不定式表“未来计划”的语法说明。 2.(2023山东青岛期中，译林版)The girl=at the party yesterday is my cousin A.to sing B.sang C.singing D.who sang 答案：D解析：“昨天在派对上唱歌的女孩”表示过去动作，用定语从句who sang更准确，若 用不定式to sing则暗示“将要唱歌”，与yesterday矛盾。 2 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 必修3语法精讲 易错点四：不定式作结果状语时的时态与语态错误 讲解： 不定式作结果状语时，需根据与逻辑主语的关系判断语态（主动/被动），且不定式本身无时态变 化，需通过上下文体现动作发生时间。 例句： -主动关系：He searched everywhere,only to find his keys in his pocket..(逻辑主语he与find是主动 关系) -被动关系：The book was written carefully,only to be rejected by publishers.(逻辑主语the book与 reject是被动关系，用to be rejected) 真题再现： 1.(2024江苏常州月考，译林版)The novel.一last year turned out to be a great success. A.to publish B.published C.to be published D.publishing 答案：C解析：novel与publish是被动关系，且“去年将要出版”（实际可能未出版但计划中），用 不定式的被动式to be published作结果状语，符合译林版必修3语法中“不定式被动语态”的考点。 2.(2023浙江宁波期中，译林版)He tried his best,.only-by his teacher A.criticizing B.criticized C.to criticize D.to be criticized 答案：D解析：“被老师批评”是“努力后意外的被动结果”，用only to be criticized,不定式被 动语态表被动关系。 易错点综合演练 综合演练 I单项选择（直击易错点） l.We need more time_this project carefully.(易错点一) A.complete B.to complete C.completing D.completed 2.She ran to the bus stop quickly,_the last bus had gone.(易错点二) A.only to find B.finding C.found D.to find 3.The course-next semester will focus on environmental protection.(易错点三) A.to take B.taking C.taken D.which takes 4.He worked day and night,.only-by his boss for poor performance.(易错点四) A.criticizing B.criticized C.to criticize D.to be criticized Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分） 3 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 必修3语法精讲 l.There is a new cafe_(visit)in the downtown area.(易错点一) 2.She hurried to the airport,.only_tel)that the flight was canceled.（易错点二) 3.The meeting_hold)tomorrow is about the new school rules.（易错点三) 4.The documentary was made with great effort,only(reject)by all major film festivals.( 四) Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用四大易错点） 用动词不定式的适当形式填空： My sister has a busy schedule this week.She has two papers 1.-(write)by Friday.Yesterday,she stayed up late 2.(finish)her report,only 3.(discover)that she had made a big mistake in the data. The correction she needs 4.-(make)now will take at least three hours.She says the experience is a good lesson-never rush to meet deadlines without checking details. V.连词成句（聚焦易错句式） l.to,we,need,a,room,live,im,()(易错点一) 2.he,the,arrived,.office,only,to,that,late,be,told,was,he,()(易错点二) 3.the,to,next,month,project,.stat,is,()(易错点三) 4.the,was,plan,carefully,made,only,to,abandoned,,be,()(易错点四) 参考答案 L单项选择 1B2.A3.A4D Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.to visit 2.to be told 3.to be held 4.to be rejected I短文填空 1.to write 2.to finish 3.to discover 4.to make V.连词成句 1.We need a room to live in. 4 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 必修3语法精讲 2.He arrived the office only to be told that he was late. 3.The project is to start next month 4.The plan was carefully made only to be abandoned. 5