内容正文:
外研社高一必修一Unit 5 单词表
教师备课材料
1. charity /ˈtʃærəti/
词性: n.
词义: 慈善机构,慈善团体;慈善(行为)
近义词: philanthropic organization, non-profit; benevolence
反义词: selfishness
词性转换: charitable (adj. 慈善的;仁慈的)
常见搭配: donate to charity (向慈善机构捐款), a charity event (慈善活动)
例句: Many celebrities support charities that focus on children’s education.
许多名人都支持关注儿童教育的慈善机构。
词性转换练习
1. It was very ______ (charity) of him to offer help to the stranger. (形容词,仁慈的)
2. She works for a ______ (charity) organization that helps the homeless. (形容词,慈善的)
答案与解析:
1. charitable。解析:在“It is + adj. + of sb. to do”结构中,需要用形容词描述人的品质。
2. charitable。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“organization”。
2. monarch /ˈmɒnɑːrk/
词性: n.
词义: 君主,国王
近义词: sovereign, king/queen, ruler
词性转换: monarchy (n. 君主政体)
常见搭配: a constitutional monarch (立宪君主)
例句: The monarch serves as the head of state in many countries.
在许多国家,君主担任国家元首。
词性转换练习
1. The United Kingdom is a constitutional ______ (monarch). (名词,君主国)
2. The ______ (monarch) power was limited by the new constitution. (形容词,君主的)
答案与解析:
1. monarchy。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数,指一种政体。
2. monarch’s / monarchial。解析:此处可用名词所有格“monarch’s”或形容词“monarchial”修饰“power”。
3. monarch butterfly
词组: monarch butterfly
词义: 黑脉金斑蝶
例句: The monarch butterfly is famous for its long annual migration.
黑脉金斑蝶以其每年长途迁徙而闻名。
词性转换练习
1. The ______ (monarch butterfly) migration is one of nature’s most spectacular events. (名词短语作定语)
2. We saw hundreds of ______ (monarch butterfly) resting in the trees. (名词短语复数)
答案与解析:
1. monarch butterfly。解析:名词短语作定语,修饰“migration”。
2. monarch butterflies。解析:复数形式,指多只蝴蝶。
4. Atlantic /ˌætˈlæntɪk/
词性: adj.
词义: 大西洋的
常见搭配: the Atlantic Ocean (大西洋), transatlantic flight (跨大西洋飞行)
例句: They sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in a small boat.
他们乘一艘小船横渡了大西洋。
词性转换练习
1. The ______ (Atlantic) coast of Canada is very rugged and beautiful. (形容词)
2. The first successful ______ (Atlantic) cable connected Europe and America. (形容词)
答案与解析:
1. Atlantic。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“coast”。
2. transatlantic。解析:此处“跨大西洋的”更符合语境。
5. whale /weɪl/
词性: n.
词义: 鲸
词性转换: whaling (n. 捕鲸业)
常见搭配: blue whale (蓝鲸), whale watching (观鲸)
例句: The whale is the largest mammal on Earth.
鲸是地球上最大的哺乳动物。
词性转换练习
1. International agreements have banned commercial ______ (whale). (名词,捕鲸)
2. We went on a ______ (whale) tour and saw several humpback whales. (名词作定语,观鲸)
答案与解析:
1. whaling。解析:此处需要不可数名词。
2. whale watching。解析:此处为固定搭配,作定语。
6. annual /ˈænjuəl/
词性: adj.
词义: 一年一度的,每年的;年度的
近义词: yearly
词性转换: annually (adv. 每年地)
常见搭配: annual report/meeting (年度报告/会议), annual income (年收入)
例句: The company holds its annual conference in December.
公司在十二月举行其年度会议。
词性转换练习
1. The event is held ______ (annual) to raise funds for the hospital. (副词)
2. She submitted her ______ (annual) review to her manager. (形容词)
答案与解析:
1. annually。解析:此处需要副词修饰动词“is held”。
2. annual。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“review”。
7. migration / migrate /maɪˈɡreɪʃ(ə)n/ /maɪˈɡreɪt/
词性: n. / v.
词义: n. 迁徙; v. 移栖,迁徙
近义词: movement, relocation (n.); move, relocate (v.)
词性转换: migrant (n./adj. 移民(的);候鸟(的))
常见搭配: bird migration (鸟类迁徙), migrate to (迁徙到…)
例句: The migration of birds is guided by instinct. / Many birds migrate south for the winter.
鸟类的迁徙受本能引导。/ 许多鸟冬天迁徙到南方。
词性转换练习
1. There has been a large influx of ______ (migration) workers into the city. (形容词)
2. Swallows ______ (migration) from Africa to Europe every spring. (动词)
答案与解析:
1. migrant。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“workers”。
2. migrate。解析:主语“Swallows”是复数,动词需用一般现在时复数形式。
8. seek /siːk/ (sought, sought)
词性: v.
词义: 寻找,寻求;试图
近义词: look for, search for; attempt
词性转换: seeker (n. 寻求者)
常见搭配: seek advice/help (寻求建议/帮助), seek to do (力图做…)
例句: He went to the library to seek information for his research paper.
他去图书馆为他的研究论文寻找资料。
词性转换练习
1. She is a lifelong truth ______ (seek). (名词,寻求者)
2. The company is actively ______ (seek) new investment opportunities. (动词,进行时)
答案与解析:
1. seeker。解析:此处需要名词,指人。
2. seeking。解析:现在进行时“is …ing”结构。
9. professor /prəˈfesə/
词性: n.
词义: 教授
近义词: (academic) teacher, lecturer
词性转换: professorship (n. 教授职位)
常见搭配: a university professor (大学教授), Professor Smith (史密斯教授)
例句: Professor Lee is giving a lecture on ancient history this afternoon.
李教授今天下午将做一个关于古代史的讲座。
词性转换练习
1. He was offered a ______ (professor) at a prestigious university. (名词,教授职位)
2. My biology ______ (professor) is very knowledgeable. (名词)
答案与解析:
1. professorship。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数,指职位。
2. professor。解析:此处需要可数名词单数作表语。
10. measure /ˈmeʒə/
词性: v./n.
词义: v. 量,测量; n. 措施;计量单位
近义词: gauge, quantify (v.); step, action (n.)
词性转换: measurement (n. 测量;尺寸)
常见搭配: measure the length (测量长度), take measures (采取措施), a tape measure (卷尺)
例句: Can you measure the window to see what size curtains we need?
你能量一下窗户,看看我们需要多大尺寸的窗帘吗?
词性转换练习
1. Accurate ______ (measure) is essential in scientific experiments. (名词)
2. The government announced new ______ (measure) to control inflation. (名词,复数)
答案与解析:
1. measurement。解析:形容词“Accurate”后接不可数名词,指测量行为。
2. measures。解析:形容词“new”后接可数名词复数,指具体措施。
11. position /pəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/
词性: n.
词义: 位置;职位;姿势;立场
近义词: location, place; job, post; stance, viewpoint
词性转换: position (v. 放置,安置)
常见搭配: in a position to do (能够做…), apply for a position (申请职位), take the position that (持…立场)
例句: From his position on the hill, he had a clear view of the valley.
从他所在的山上位置,他可以清楚地看到山谷。
词性转换练习
1. Please ______ (position) the chairs around the table. (动词)
2. She has a senior management ______ (position) in the company. (名词)
答案与解析:
1. position。解析:祈使句用动词原形。
2. position。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数,指职位。
12. determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/
词性: v.
词义: 确定,决定;下决心
近义词: decide, ascertain; resolve
词性转换: determination (n. 决心;测定), determined (adj. 下定决心的)
常见搭配: determine the cause (确定原因), be determined to do (决心做)
例句: The test will help determine your language proficiency level.
这个测试将帮助确定你的语言熟练程度。
词性转换练习
1. Her ______ (determine) to succeed was an inspiration to everyone. (名词)
2. He is ______ (determine) to improve his grades this semester. (形容词)
答案与解析:
1. determination。解析:物主代词“Her”后接名词。
2. determined。解析:此处需要形容词作表语,构成“be determined to do”结构。
13. eventually /ɪˈventʃuəli/
词性: adv.
词义: 终于,最终
近义词: finally, in the end, ultimately
反义词: immediately, at once
词性转换: eventual (adj. 最终的)
常见搭配: (通常用于句首或动词前)
例句: After many attempts, she eventually passed her driving test.
经过多次尝试,她终于通过了驾照考试。
词性转换练习
1. The ______ (eventually) winner of the competition will receive a cash prize. (形容词)
2. After a long delay, the plane ______ (eventually) took off. (副词)
答案与解析:
1. eventual。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“winner”。
2. eventually。解析:此处需要副词修饰动词“took off”。
14. solution /səˈluːʃ(ə)n/
词性: n.
词义: 解决,解决方法;溶液
近义词: answer, resolution
词性转换: solve (v. 解决)
常见搭配: find a solution to (找到…的解决方法), chemical solution (化学溶液)
例句: The key to a peaceful solution is dialogue and compromise.
和平解决的关键是对话和妥协。
词性转换练习
1. We need to ______ (solution) this problem as soon as possible. (动词)
2. After hours of discussion, they came up with a workable ______ (solution). (名词)
答案与解析:
1. solve。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。
2. solution。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数。
15. mystery /ˈmɪst(ə)ri/
词性: n.
词义: 难以理解的事物,谜;神秘(性)
近义词: puzzle, enigma
词性转换: mysterious (adj. 神秘的)
常见搭配: solve a mystery (解开谜团), a mystery novel (悬疑小说)
例句: The disappearance of the ancient civilization remains a mystery.
这个古代文明的消失仍然是一个谜。
词性转换练习
1. We received a ______ (mystery) package with no return address. (形容词)
2. The ______ (mystery) surrounding the old mansion attracted many tourists. (名词,神秘性)
答案与解析:
1. mysterious。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“package”。
2. mystery。解析:定冠词“The”后接不可数名词。
16. amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/
词性: adj.
词义: 惊人的,了不起的
近义词: astonishing, astounding, incredible
反义词: ordinary, unimpressive
词性转换: amaze (v. 使惊奇), amazement (n. 惊奇)
常见搭配: an amazing discovery/achievement (惊人的发现/成就)
例句: The scientists made an amazing breakthrough in cancer research.
科学家们在癌症研究方面取得了惊人的突破。
词性转换练习
1. We watched in ______ (amazing) as the magician performed the trick. (名词)
2. The child’s artistic talent is truly ______ (amazing). (形容词)
答案与解析:
1. amazement。解析:介词“in”后需接名词,意为“惊奇地”。
2. amazing。解析:此处需要形容词作表语。
17. crash /kræʃ/
词性: v./n.
词义: v. 暴跌;碰撞;坠毁; n. 暴跌;撞车;崩溃
近义词: plummet, collapse (v. & n.); collision, accident (n.)
反义词: soar, rise (v.)
词性转换: (通常无词性转换)
常见搭配: stock market crash (股市崩盘), car crash (车祸), crash into (撞上)
例句: The company’s stock price crashed after the scandal was revealed.
丑闻曝光后,该公司的股价暴跌。
词性转换练习
1. The driver survived the ______ (crash) with only minor injuries. (名词)
2. The computer system ______ (crash) unexpectedly, causing a loss of data. (动词)
答案与解析:
1. crash。解析:定冠词“the”后接可数名词单数,指具体事故。
2. crashed。解析:此处需要动词的过去式。
18. per cent (percent) /pəˈsent/
词性: n.
词义: 百分比,百分之…
近义词: percentage (n. 百分比 - 更通用)
词性转换: percentage (n.)
常见搭配: 50 per cent (百分之五十), a large per cent of (很大比例的)
例句: Over 80 per cent of the students passed the exam.
超过百分之八十的学生通过了考试。
词性转换练习
1. A high ______ (per cent) of the population lives in urban areas. (名词,比例)
2. What ______ (per cent) of your income do you save each month? (名词)
答案与解析:
1. percentage。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数,指“比例、部分”,用“percentage”更自然。
2. percentage。解析:疑问词“What”后接名词,询问比例,常用“percentage”。
19. destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/
词性: v.
词义: 破坏,毁掉
近义词: ruin, demolish, wreck
反义词: build, construct, preserve
词性转换: destruction (n. 破坏), destructive (adj. 破坏性的)
常见搭配: destroy evidence (销毁证据), completely destroy (彻底摧毁)
例句: The fire destroyed several historical buildings in the old town.
大火毁掉了老城区的几座历史建筑。
词性转换练习
1. The hurricane caused widespread ______ (destroy) along the coast. (名词)
2. Gossip can be ______ (destroy) to a person’s reputation. (形容词)
答案与解析:
1. destruction。解析:形容词“widespread”后接不可数名词。
2. destructive。解析:此处需要形容词作表语,意为“具有破坏性的”。
20. chemical /ˈkemɪk(ə)l/
词性: n./adj.
词义: n. 化学品; adj. 化学的
词性转换: chemistry (n. 化学), chemist (n. 化学家;药剂师)
常见搭配: chemical reaction (化学反应), hazardous chemicals (危险化学品)
例句: The factory was fined for dumping chemicals into the river.
这家工厂因向河里倾倒化学品而被罚款。
词性转换练习
1. She is studying ______ (chemical) at university. (名词,学科)
2. A ______ (chemical) change is different from a physical change. (形容词)
答案与解析:
1. chemistry。解析:此处指学科“化学”,为不可数名词。
2. chemical。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“change”。
21. caterpillar /ˈkætəˌpɪlə/
词性: n.
词义: 毛虫(蝴蝶等昆虫的幼虫)
近义词: larva
词性转换: (通常无词性转换)
常见搭配: (常见于生物或自然语境)
例句: The caterpillar will eventually form a chrysalis and turn into a butterfly.
这只毛虫最终会形成蛹,然后变成蝴蝶。
词性转换练习
1. The children were fascinated by the colorful ______ (caterpillar) on the leaf. (名词复数)
2. The ______ (caterpillar) stage is crucial in the life cycle of a butterfly. (名词作定语)
答案与解析:
1. caterpillars。解析:此处需要可数名词复数。
2. caterpillar。解析:名词作定语,修饰“stage”。
22. creature /ˈkriːtʃə/
词性: n.
词义: 生物,动物(尤指不熟悉或想象中的);人
近义词: animal, being; person
词性转换: create (v. 创造), creation (n. 创造物)
常见搭配: living creature (生物), sea creatures (海洋生物)
例句: The deep sea is home to many strange and wonderful creatures.
深海是许多奇异美妙生物的家园。
词性转换练习
1. The artist used recycled materials to ______ (creature) a unique sculpture. (动词)
2. According to the myth, the gods ______ (creature) humans from clay. (动词)
答案与解析:
1. create。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形,注意与“creature”的动词形式区分。
2. created。解析:此处需要动词的过去式,意为“创造”。
23. survive /səˈvaɪv/
词性: v.
词义: 活下来,幸存;比…活得长
近义词: live through, endure; outlive
反义词: perish, die
词性转换: survival (n. 幸存), survivor (n. 幸存者)
常见搭配: survive an accident (在事故中幸存), survival skills (生存技能)
例句: Few plants can survive in such a harsh desert environment.
很少有植物能在如此恶劣的沙漠环境中存活。
词性转换练习
1. The ______ (survive) of the fittest is a basic principle of evolution. (名词)
2. She was the sole ______ (survive) of the plane crash. (名词,指人)
答案与解析:
1. survival。解析:定冠词“The”后接不可数名词,指“幸存”这一概念。
2. survivor。解析:不定冠词“the sole”后接可数名词单数,指人。
24. effect /ɪˈfekt/
词性: n.
词义: 影响,结果;效果
近义词: impact, consequence; result
反义词: cause
词性转换: effective (adj. 有效的), effect (v. 使发生 - 较正式)
常见搭配: have an effect on (对…有影响), side effect (副作用), take effect (生效)
例句: The new policy has had a positive effect on employee morale.
新政策对员工士气产生了积极的影响。
词性转换练习
1. The medicine is very ______ (effect) against the infection. (形容词)
2. The manager hopes to ______ (effect) some changes in the department. (动词,正式用语)
答案与解析:
1. effective。解析:此处需要形容词作表语,意为“有效的”。
2. effect。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形,意为“实现、引起”。
25. flow chart
词组: flow chart
词义: 流程图,作业图
近义词: diagram, process chart
词性转换: (通常作为固定短语)
常见搭配: create/draw a flow chart (绘制流程图)
例句: The engineer used a flow chart to explain the production process.
工程师用一张流程图来解释生产过程。
词性转换练习
1. Please refer to the ______ (flow chart) on page 10 for a visual guide. (名词短语)
2. Making a ______ (flow chart) can help you organize your thoughts. (名词短语)
答案与解析:
1. flow chart。解析:定冠词“the”后接名词短语。
2. flow chart。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数。
26. accommodation /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/
词性: n. (通常用单数)
词义: 住处,工作场所;和解
近义词: lodging, housing; settlement
词性转换: accommodate (v. 容纳;提供住宿;使适应)
常见搭配: student accommodation (学生住宿), reach an accommodation (达成和解)
例句: The university guarantees accommodation for all first-year students.
大学为所有一年级学生提供住宿保障。
词性转换练习
1. The hotel can ______ (accommodation) up to 500 guests. (动词)
2. We need to find temporary ______ (accommodation) while our house is being renovated. (名词)
答案与解析:
1. accommodate。解析:情态动词“can”后接动词原形。
2. accommodation。解析:此处需要不可数名词。
27. idiom /ˈɪdiəm/
词性: n.
词义: 习语,成语
近义词: expression, phrase, saying
词性转换: idiomatic (adj. 符合语言习惯的,习语的)
常见搭配: learn/use an idiom (学习/使用习语)
例句: “Break a leg” is an English idiom meaning “good luck”.
“Break a leg”是一个英语习语,意思是“祝你好运”。
词性转换练习
1. Her English is very fluent and ______ (idiom). (形容词)
2. Understanding ______ (idiom) is important for mastering a foreign language. (名词)
答案与解析:
1. idiomatic。解析:此处需要形容词作表语,意为“地道的”。
2. idioms。解析:此处需要可数名词复数,指一类语言现象。
28. kill two birds with one stone
词组: kill two birds with one stone
词义: 一举两得,一箭双雕
近义词: achieve two aims with one action
例句: By cycling to work, I get some exercise and save money on transport – it’s a way to kill two birds with one stone.
我骑车上班,既能锻炼身体又能省下交通费——这是一举两得。
词性转换练习
1. Consolidating these two meetings into one would be a classic case of ______ (kill two birds with one stone). (动名词短语作表语)
2. Let’s try to ______ (kill two birds with one stone) by visiting the museum near the conference venue. (动词短语)
答案与解析:
1. killing two birds with one stone。解析:介词“of”后需接名词性成分。
2. kill two birds with one stone。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。
29. when the cat’s away (the mice will play)
词组: when the cat’s away (the mice will play)
词义: 猫儿不在,老鼠作怪(指管事的人不在,下面的人玩个痛快)
常见搭配: (用于描述监督者缺席时的情景)
例句: The manager is on vacation this week, and the team is finishing work early every day. It’s a case of when the cat’s away, the mice will play.
经理这周休假,团队每天都早早下班。这正是猫儿不在,老鼠作怪。
词性转换练习
1. As soon as the teacher left the classroom, the students started chatting – a perfect example of ______ (when the cat’s away the mice will play). (名词性从句作宾语)
2. You know what they say: “______ (when the cat’s away, the mice will play).” (直接引语)
答案与解析:
1. when the cat’s away, the mice will play。解析:介词“of”后接名词性从句。
2. When the cat’s away, the mice will play。解析:作为引语,需大写开头。
30. hold your horses
词组: hold your horses
词义: 慢点,别急
近义词: wait a minute, be patient
反义词: hurry up
常见搭配: (用于要求某人耐心或停止匆忙行动)
例句: “Hold your horses!” said Dad. “Let’s check the map before we drive off.”
“别急!”爸爸说。“我们开车出发前先看看地图。”
词性转换练习
1. I know you’re excited, but ______ (hold your horses) and let me explain first. (动词短语,祈使句)
2. He needs to learn to ______ (hold his horses) and think before he acts. (动词短语,根据主语调整)
答案与解析:
1. hold your horses。解析:祈使句用动词原形。
2. hold his horses。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形,物主代词需与主语“He”一致。
31. rain cats and dogs
词组: rain cats and dogs
词义: 下倾盆大雨
近义词: pour, rain heavily
常见搭配: It’s raining cats and dogs.
例句: We had to cancel the picnic because it started to rain cats and dogs.
我们不得不取消野餐,因为天开始下倾盆大雨。
词性转换练习
1. Take an umbrella; it looks like it might ______ (rain cats and dogs) later. (动词短语)
2. I got completely soaked yesterday because I was caught in a ______ (rain cats and dogs). (名词性短语,常作状语,较少直接作名词)
答案与解析:
1. rain cats and dogs。解析:情态动词“might”后接动词原形。
2. downpour / heavy rain。解析:此处不定冠词“a”后需接一个名词。“rain cats and dogs”是动词短语,不直接作名词,应改用“downpour”或“heavy rain”。
32. authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/
词性: n.
词义: 当权,权力;权威;当局
近义词: power, control; expert; officials
词性转换: authorize (v. 授权), authoritative (adj. 权威的)
常见搭配: have authority over (对…有管辖权), local authorities (地方当局), an authority on (…方面的权威)
例句: The police have the authority to stop and search vehicles.
警察有权力拦截并搜查车辆。
词性转换练习
1. You need to get ______ (authority) from the manager before making large purchases. (名词)
2. She is an ______ (authority) figure in the field of climate science. (形容词)
答案与解析:
1. authorization。解析:动词“get”后接名词,指“授权许可”。
2. authoritative。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“figure”。
33. source /sɔːs/
词性: n./v.
词义: n. 来源,出处; v. 寻找…的来源
近义词: origin, derivation (n.); obtain (v.)
词性转换: resource (n. 资源)
常见搭配: source of information/income (信息/收入来源), reliable source (可靠来源)
例句: The journalist refused to reveal her source for the story.
这位记者拒绝透露她这篇报道的消息来源。
词性转换练习
1. The company ______ (source) its materials from sustainable suppliers. (动词)
2. Solar power is a renewable energy ______ (source). (名词)
答案与解析:
1. sources。解析:主语“company”是第三人称单数,动词需用一般现在时单数形式。
2. source。解析:此处需要可数名词单数。
34. found /faʊnd/ (founded, founded)
词性: v.
词义: 创立,创建
近义词: establish, set up, create
反义词: dissolve, close down
词性转换: foundation (n. 基础;基金会), founder (n. 创始人)
常见搭配: found a company/school (创立公司/学校)
例句: The university was founded in the 16th century.
这所大学创建于16世纪。
词性转换练习
1. The ______ (found) of the charity donated most of his wealth to it. (名词,创始人)
2. A strong economy is built on a solid ______ (found). (名词,基础)
答案与解析:
1. founder。解析:定冠词“The”后接可数名词单数,指人。
2. foundation。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数,指“基础”。
35. photographer /fəˈtɒɡrəfə/
词性: n.
词义: 摄影师
词性转换: photograph (n./v. 照片/拍照), photography (n. 摄影术)
常见搭配: a professional photographer (专业摄影师)
例句: The wedding photographer captured some beautiful moments.
婚礼摄影师捕捉到了一些美丽的瞬间。
词性转换练习
1. She’s very interested in ______ (photographer) and owns several cameras. (名词,摄影)
2. Could you ______ (photographer) this document for me, please? (动词,拍摄)
答案与解析:
1. photography。解析:介词“in”后接名词,指摄影艺术或活动。
2. photograph。解析:情态动词“Could”后接动词原形。
36. button /ˈbʌtn/
词性: n./v.
词义: n. 按钮;纽扣; v. 扣上纽扣
近义词: switch, key (n.); fasten (v.)
常见搭配: press/push a button (按按钮), shirt button (衬衫纽扣)
例句: In case of emergency, press the red button.
如有紧急情况,请按下红色按钮。
词性转换练习
1. He ______ (button) his coat against the cold wind. (动词)
2. The remote control has a lot of ______ (button). (名词复数)
答案与解析:
1. buttoned。解析:此处需要动词的过去式。
2. buttons。解析:此处需要可数名词复数。
37. recover /rɪˈkʌvə/
词性: v.
词义: (从糟糕经历中)恢复;找回;康复
近义词: get better, recuperate; retrieve
反义词: relapse, deteriorate
词性转换: recovery (n. 恢复), recoverable (adj. 可恢复的)
常见搭配: recover from an illness (从疾病中康复), recover lost data (恢复丢失的数据)
例句: It took her several months to fully recover from the operation.
她花了几个月才从手术中完全恢复过来。
词性转换练习
1. The patient made a speedy ______ (recover) after the treatment. (名词)
2. The police managed to ______ (recover) the stolen artwork. (动词)
答案与解析:
1. recovery。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数。
2. recover。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。
38. shock /ʃɒk/
词性: n./v.
词义: n. 吃惊,震惊;震动; v. 使震惊
近义词: surprise, astonishment (n.); appall, stun (v.)
词性转换: shocking (adj. 令人震惊的), shocked (adj. 感到震惊的)
常见搭配: culture shock (文化冲击), get a shock (感到震惊), shock absorber (减震器)
例句: The news of his sudden death came as a great shock to everyone.
他突然去世的消息让大家非常震惊。
词性转换练习
1. We were all ______ (shock) by the election results. (形容词,感到震惊的)
2. The documentary contained some ______ (shock) images of the war. (形容词,令人震惊的)
答案与解析:
1. shocked。解析:此处需要形容词描述“我们”的状态。
2. shocking。解析:此处需要形容词描述“images”的性质。
39. element /ˈelɪmənt/
词性: n.
词义: 基本部分,要素;元素;自然环境
近义词: component, factor; weather
词性转换: elementary (adj. 基本的;初级的)
常见搭配: key element (关键要素), chemical elements (化学元素)
例句: Honesty is a key element in building trust.
诚实是建立信任的关键要素。
词性转换练习
1. She teaches at an ______ (element) school. (形容词)
2. The plan has several essential ______ (element). (名词复数)
答案与解析:
1. elementary。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“school”,意为“小学”。
2. elements。解析:形容词“several”后接可数名词复数。
40. the elements / brave the elements
词组: the elements / brave the elements
词义: the elements: 天气(尤指坏天气); brave the elements: 不顾天气恶劣,冒着风雨
近义词: the weather; face bad weather
常见搭配: exposed to the elements (暴露在风雨中)
例句: Despite the storm warning, they decided to brave the elements and go hiking.
尽管有风暴预警,他们还是决定冒着风雨去徒步。
词性转换练习
1. The old statue has been worn down by ______ (the elements) over the centuries. (名词短语)
2. We’ll have to ______ (brave the elements) if we want to reach the summit today. (动词短语)
答案与解析:
1. the elements。解析:介词“by”后接名词短语,指自然力。
2. brave the elements。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。
41. encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə/
词性: n./v.
词义: n. 意外的相遇,邂逅;遭遇; v. 遇到,遭遇(尤指问题或困难)
近义词: meeting, confrontation (n.); meet, come across, face (v.)
反义词: avoid, miss (v.)
词性转换: (通常无词性转换)
常见搭配: a chance encounter (偶然相遇), encounter difficulties (遇到困难)
例句: His encounter with the famous author in the bookstore inspired him to write. / We encountered heavy traffic on our way to the airport.
他在书店与那位著名作家的邂逅激励了他开始写作。/ 我们在去机场的路上遇到了严重的交通堵塞。
词性转换练习
1. We didn’t expect to ______ (encounter) such strong opposition to our plan. (动词)
2. Her brief ______ (encounter) with the wild dolphin was an unforgettable experience. (名词)
答案与解析:
1. encounter。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。
2. encounter。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数,指一次具体经历。
42. variety /vəˈraɪəti/
词性: n.
词义: 多样化,变化;种类
近义词: diversity, assortment; kind, type
反义词: uniformity, sameness
词性转换: vary (v. 变化), various (adj. 各种各样的)
常见搭配: a variety of (各种各样的), for variety’s sake (为了多样化)
例句: The school offers a wide variety of extracurricular activities.
学校提供各种各样的课外活动。
词性转换练习
1. Teaching methods should ______ (variety) to suit different learners. (动词)
2. There are ______ (variety) reasons for his decision. (形容词)
答案与解析:
1. vary。解析:情态动词“should”后接动词原形。
2. various。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“reasons”。
43. per /pɜː/
词性: prep.
词义: 每
近义词: for each, a, an
词性转换: (通常无词性转换)
常见搭配: per hour/day (每小时/天), miles per gallon (每加仑英里数), as per (根据,按照)
例句: The car can travel up to 60 miles per gallon on the highway.
这辆车在高速公路上每加仑汽油能行驶60英里。
词性转换练习
1. The cost is $10 ______ (per) person, including lunch. (介词)
2. Please proceed ______ (per) the instructions. (固定搭配,根据)
答案与解析:
1. per。解析:此处需要介词表示“每”。
2. as per。解析:固定搭配“as per”,意为“按照,根据”。
44. path /pɑːθ/
词性: n.
词义: 小径,小道;道路,途径
近义词: trail, track; way, route
词性转换: pathway (n. 小路)
常见搭配: garden path (花园小径), career path (职业道路), cross one’s path (与某人相遇)
例句: We followed a winding path through the forest to reach the waterfall.
我们沿着一条蜿蜒穿过森林的小径走向瀑布。
词性转换练习
1. The new highway provides a direct ______ (path) to the city center. (名词)
2. She is on a clear ______ (path) to success. (名词,比喻义)
答案与解析:
1. pathway/route。解析:此处需要可数名词单数,指具体路线。
2. path。解析:此处为比喻用法,指“道路,途径”。
45. breath-taking /ˈbreθˌteɪkɪŋ/
词性: adj.
词义: 令人惊叹的,惊人的
近义词: stunning, spectacular, awe-inspiring
反义词: ordinary, unimpressive
词性转换: (通常作为合成形容词)
常见搭配: a breath-taking view (令人惊叹的景色)
例句: From the mountaintop, we had a breath-taking view of the entire valley.
从山顶上,我们看到了整个山谷令人惊叹的景色。
词性转换练习
1. The performance was absolutely ______ (breath-taking). (形容词)
2. The ______ (breath) beauty of the glacier left us speechless. (名词,合成形容词需用完整形式)
答案与解析:
1. breathtaking。解析:此处需要形容词作表语。
2. breathtaking。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“beauty”。(注意:breath-taking常写作breathtaking)
46. eagle /ˈiːɡl/
词性: n.
词义: 鹰
常见搭配: eagle eye (锐利的目光), bald eagle (白头海雕)
例句: An eagle circled high in the sky, searching for prey.
一只鹰在高空盘旋,搜寻猎物。
词性转换练习
1. She has an ______ (eagle) eye for detail. (名词作定语,合成形容词)
2. We saw several golden ______ (eagle) during our hike. (名词复数)
答案与解析:
1. eagle。解析:合成词“eagle eye”作定语,意为“锐利的”。
2. eagles。解析:形容词“several”后接可数名词复数。
47. concentrate /ˈkɒnsɪtreɪt/
词性: v.
词义: 专注,专心;集中
近义词: focus, pay attention
反义词: distract, daydream
词性转换: concentration (n. 专注;浓度)
常见搭配: concentrate on (专注于…), concentrate one’s mind (集中精力)
例句: You need to concentrate on your studies if you want to pass the exam.
如果你想通过考试,就需要专注于学习。
词性转换练习
1. This job requires intense ______ (concentrate). (名词)
2. The solution has a high sugar ______ (concentrate). (名词,浓度)
答案与解析:
1. concentration。解析:形容词“intense”后接不可数名词,指注意力。
2. concentration。解析:此处需要不可数名词,指“浓度”。
48. freeze /friːz/ (froze, frozen)
词性: v.
词义: 突然停止,呆住;结冰;冷冻
近义词: stop dead, halt; ice over; chill
反义词: move; melt; thaw
词性转换: freezing (adj. 极冷的), frozen (adj. 冷冻的;僵住的)
常见搭配: freeze in fear (吓呆), freeze to death (冻死), freeze assets (冻结资产)
例句: The rabbit froze when it saw the fox, hoping not to be noticed.
兔子看到狐狸时呆住了,希望不被发现。
词性转换练习
1. It’s ______ (freeze) outside; you’d better wear a heavy coat. (形容词,极冷的)
2. We keep ______ (freeze) vegetables in the freezer for convenience. (形容词,冷冻的)
答案与解析:
1. freezing。解析:此处需要形容词作表语,描述天气。
2. frozen。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“vegetables”。
49. stare /steə/
词性: v./n.
词义: v. 凝视,盯着看; n. 凝视
近义词: gaze, glare, look fixedly
反义词: glance, glimpse
词性转换: (通常无词性转换)
常见搭配: stare at (盯着…看), give sb. a stare (瞪某人一眼)
例句: It’s rude to stare at people.
盯着别人看是不礼貌的。
词性转换练习
1. She gave him a long, cold ______ (stare) before turning away. (名词)
2. The children ______ (stare) in wonder at the magician’s tricks. (动词)
答案与解析:
1. stare。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数。
2. stared。解析:此处需要动词的过去式。
50. capture /ˈkæptʃə/
词性: v.
词义: (用文字或图片)记录,捕捉;俘虏;夺得
近义词: record, depict; catch, seize; win
反义词: release, free
词性转换: captive (n./adj. 俘虏/被俘的), captivity (n. 囚禁)
常见搭配: capture the moment (捕捉瞬间), capture one’s imagination (吸引某人的想象力)
例句: The photograph perfectly captures the joy of the wedding day.
这张照片完美地捕捉到了婚礼当天的喜悦。
词性转换练习
1. The soldiers were held ______ (capture) for several years. (名词,固定搭配)
2. The novel ______ (capture) the spirit of the age beautifully. (动词)
答案与解析:
1. captive。解析:固定搭配“be held captive”,意为“被囚禁”。
2. captures。解析:主语“novel”是第三人称单数,动词需用一般现在时单数形式。
51. image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/
词性: n.
词义: 图像,影像;形象;印象
近义词: picture, photograph; reputation, impression
词性转换: imagine (v. 想象), imaginary (adj. 想象的)
常见搭配: public image (公众形象), digital image (数字图像)
例句: The satellite sent back detailed images of the Martian surface.
卫星传回了火星表面的详细图像。
词性转换练习
1. Can you ______ (image) what life would be like without electricity? (动词)
2. The company is trying to improve its ______ (image) after the scandal. (名词)
答案与解析:
1. imagine。解析:情态动词“Can”后接动词原形。
2. image。解析:物主代词“its”后接名词。
52. after all
词组: after all
词义: 毕竟,终究
近义词: in the end, when everything is considered
常见搭配: (常用于句首或句尾,表示转折或提醒一个已知的事实)
例句: Don’t be too hard on him. After all, he’s only a child and still learning.
别对他太苛刻。毕竟,他只是个孩子,还在学习。
词性转换练习
1. We decided to go to the beach ______ (after all), even though the forecast wasn’t perfect. (介词短语)
2. I thought I would fail, but I passed ______ (after all). (介词短语)
答案与解析:
1. after all。解析:此处作为插入语,表示尽管有顾虑但最终还是决定。
2. after all。解析:此处用于句尾,表示与预想相反的结果。
53. reaction /rɪˈækʃ(ə)n/
词性: n.
词义: (对某一情形或事件的)反应;化学反应
近义词: response, feedback; chemical process
词性转换: react (v. 反应), reactive (adj. 反应性的)
常见搭配: chain reaction (连锁反应), allergic reaction (过敏反应)
例句: His immediate reaction to the news was one of disbelief.
他对这个消息的即时反应是不敢相信。
词性转换练习
1. How did she ______ (reaction) when you told her? (动词)
2. The audience’s ______ (reaction) to the play was very positive. (名词)
答案与解析:
1. react。解析:助动词“did”后接动词原形。
2. reaction。解析:此处需要名词作主语。
54. file /faɪl/
词性: n./v.
词义: n. 档案,文件;文件夹; v. 把…归档;提交(申请等)
近义词: document, record; folder (n.); submit, apply (v.)
词性转换: (通常无词性转换)
常见搭配: on file (存档), file a complaint (提出投诉), text file (文本文件)
例句: Please keep this application form on file for future reference. / He filed for divorce last month.
请将此申请表存档以备将来参考。/ 他上个月提交了离婚申请。
词性转换练习
1. I need to ______ (file) these documents alphabetically. (动词)
2. The police have a thick ______ (file) on the suspect. (名词)
答案与解析:
1. file。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形,意为“归档”。
2. file。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数,指“档案卷宗”。
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