易错19 阅读理解·词义猜测（4大易错点+易错闯关训练）（易错专练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

易错19 阅读理解·词义猜测（4大易错点+易错闯关训练） 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 陌生单词猜测：选项生词或忽视语境 1 易错02 陌生短语猜测：忽视语境逻辑关系 3 易错03 推敲代词指代：忽视就近原则 5 易错04 推测句子含义：忽略前后句逻辑 7 第二部分 易错点闯关 8 闯关01猜测陌生单词两篇 8 闯关02猜测陌生短语两篇 11 闯关03猜测代词指代两篇 13 闯关04猜词句子理解两篇 16 易错01 陌生单词猜测：选项生词或忽视语境 易错典题 【例1】(2023新课标I卷第29题) Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 避错攻略 【错因分析】这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。 【干货必记】利用构词法猜词技能点拨 1.掌握构词法 派生词：否定前缀或后缀，与原单词构成反义词，如dis, un, in;后缀改变词性，不改变词义，如co-表示“共同”，re-表示“又,再”，trans-表示“转移”。 合成法:依据合成词组成新词，结合记一沙词义;种词性用作吴一种说性而记形不变; 转化法：形容词转化为名词；动词转化为形容词；名词转化为动词等。 2.思维导图 3.解题策略 第一步：依据题干定位相应段落。 第二步：瞻前顾后找准与题干相关的关键词、句。 第三步：通过构词法破解划线单词的字面意思，再通过语境找到最佳答案。 举一反三 1. (25-26·高三河南焦作·期末)What sets CarbonCure apart from other carbon capture technologies is its scalability and cost-effectiveness. Unlike industrial facilities requiring massive infrastructure, it can be modified into existing plants for under $50,000. Since 2018, it has stored 1.2 million tons of CO₂ — equivalent to taking 260,000 cars off the road for a year. In Vancouver, it built the city’s tallest residential tower, cutting emissions by 15%; in London, it’s used for a new underground rail line, reducing concrete-related emissions by 20%. 1. What does the underlined word “scalability” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Easy expansion B. Low cost C. High efficiency D. Strong durability 2.（2026·湖南株洲·一模）The plants used to test this technique aren’t edible at present. Fan hopes to try adding such nutrient-making enzymes to crops one day. But, Fan cautions, before using this technique in fruits or vegetables, “we need to be very careful to ensure the safety of vegetarians’ diet.” The plants might adapt to the genes in unexpected ways. 2. What does the underlined word “edible” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Eatable. B. Accessible. C. Nutritious. D. Widespread. 3.（2026·广东深圳·一模）An ambitious plan to genetically engineer a version of the woolly mammoth (长毛猛犸象), a giant that disappeared 4,000 years ago, is making some progress. A new biosciences and genetics company, Colossal, has raised $15 million to create a mammoth hybrid that looks exactly like its extinct counterpart. The goal isn’t to clone a mammoth, but to create, through genetic engineering, a living, walking elephant-mammoth hybrid. 3. What does the underlined word “counterpart” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Extracted cell. B. Fellow species. C. Cloned elephant. D. Endangered animal. 易错02 陌生短语猜测：忽视语境逻辑关系 易错典题 【例2】(2019全国II卷B篇第25题) I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” 25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？ A. Encourage team work.   B. Appeal to feeling.C. Promote good deeds.  D. Provide advice. 避错攻略 若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, so, thus, therefore, as a result of, so that, so/such...that...等标志词体现。 【干货必记】利用前后句逻辑关系猜词技能点拨 举一反三 1.（2026·四川攀枝花·一模）This realization has led to counter-trends in both education and business. In 2022, German software company TechSphere GmbH started “Analog Fridays”, requiring employees not to use digital tools but paper notebooks every Friday. After the policy, surveys found that meeting attendance went up by 19%, and employees reported 27% less mental tiredness. CEO Markus Weber says, “We don’t hate technology. But choosing to disconnect on purpose helps us get back our thinking ability.” Industry reports show that by 2023, 12% of new companies in Silicon Valley had similar rules. 1. The underlined term “counter-trends” in Paragraph 3 refers to actions that________. A. promote the use of digital tools B. study the impact of apps on learning C. criticize the limitations of technology D. reduce screen time for cognitive benefits 2.（25-26高三上·河北·月考）The practical benefits of VR in healthcare are epoch-making. For patients, interactive virtual environments increase engagement and motivation during recovery exercises. For medical institutions, these systems can reduce staff workload while providing detailed progress tracking. Some VR systems have already obtained official medical device certification, confirming their safety and effectiveness for clinical use. 2. What does the underlined word “epoch-making” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Official. B. Theoretical. C. Substantial. D. Controversial. 3.（25-26高三上·安徽六安·月考）Innovative Chinese brands are appearing everywhere. From-Stockholm to Sydney, the electric cars silently passing by are increasingly likely to be Chinese. Mixue, an ice-cream and cold drinks company, has overtaken McDonald’s to become the world’s largest fast-food chain by number of outlets (分销点). It is expanding in South America, as is Meituan, a Beijing-based delivery app. Chagee, a chain of tea shops, is on track to have at least 1,300 stores outside China by the end of 2027, mostly in Southeast Asia; just a few years ago, it had almost none. Meanwhile, PopMart, a Chinese toy company, has created a buzz as much as Disney with its unusual grinning nine-toothed doll, called Labubu. It is impossible not to admire the creative force behind these successful companies. 3. What does the underlined part “created a buzz” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Caused public excitement. B. Made a loud noise. C. Lost great popularity. D. Received negative comments. 易错03 推敲代词指代：忽视就近原则 易错典题 【例3】(2024·浙江1月卷B篇第24题) When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006. I was conducting auditions(试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”... 24.What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to? A.The play.   B.The shared house. C.The sofa.    D.The telephone box. 避错攻略 【方法总结】时间状语从句考点多，记住when和until最重要；看句型记搭配；错题积累水平高， 【干货必记】代词指代微技能点拨 1.试题特点 在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。代词多是it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。 代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。 2.思维导图 3.名师点津 一看单复数，二看最近名词，三看内容。 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·江西鹰潭·月考）Though participants remembered both types of stories equally well in the short term, they tended to prefer the conceptual stories to the perceptual ones and were more confident in their recollections of them. Such preference may be especially true as people get older. Research shows that as people age, they shift away from vivid, event-specific sensory details and toward memories that grasp the main points of what happened, shaping how they remember what they were told. When we're young, “Things are really novel. We're going to pay attention to everything,” Sheldon says. “But as we get older, we use memories more for social connection, and we often are recalling and describing things that we are more familiar with.” 1. What does the underlined word “them” refer to in the last paragraph? A. Conceptual stories. B. Research steps. C. Social preferences. D. Perceptual stories. 2.（2026·江苏南通·一模）Deema Assaf walked slowly through Birgish, one of only a few forests in Jordan, careful not to step on one of the delicate wild orchids. “We once had thick forests,” she said. “There were elephants, rhinos and the Asiatic lion, animals which used to live together with people here.” She looked up at the top of an old oak tree and said, “Discovering that made me see the landscape from a different perspective. It is fascinating to see the potential if human intervention were not affecting ecosystem negatively.” 2. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. The old oak tree. B. The preservation of forests. C. The effects of human intervention. D. The co-existence between man and wildlife. 3.（2025·湖北·二模）Bick’s solution to the problem of pest detection is sound: Eavesdropping on the unique vibrations (震动) that an insect makes when chewing on a plant to identify the insect itself. The Insect Eavesdropper uses a contact microphone, an affordable device that musicians often use on instruments. A little disc sits on a solid object – like corn – and captures the vibrations moving through it, registering each one with an electrical signal. “When corn rootworm feeds on the roots, the vibration translates from the root system to the stalk,” Bick says. “That’s where we’re picking it up. We’re using the plant as the musical instrument, as essentially the outside of a guitar.” 3. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The corn. B. The signal. C. The system. D. The vibration. 易错04 推测句子含义：忽略前后句逻辑 易错典题 【例4】(2019浙江卷阅读理解B篇第24题) Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.” 24. What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Money spent without hesitation. B. Money not legally made. C. Money offered without conditions. D. Money not tied together. 【干货必记】句意猜测题技能点拨 1.题型解读 高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。句意猜测题要求考生用合适的句子解释画线句子的意思。这类题往往具有以下特点:①画线的句子有特殊含义, 或者是一个高度概括的句子;②上下文往往会对画线的句子进行解释。因此, 锁定画线句的上下文,找出意义吻合的选项是解题的关键。 2.思维导图 3.名师点津 一看句子位置，二看语境逻辑，三看褒贬性。 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·云南昆明·月考）Capybaras are on a roll. These adorable animals have taken over social media — showing up in countless GIFs and even inspiring a hit song — likely because many of us long to be as chill (悠闲自在的) as they are. 2.（25-26高三上·四川·月考）In the new study, published in the journal Forest Ecology and Management, Luke Painter and his colleagues from Oregon State University surveyed aspen stands. “We’re seeing significant new growth of young aspen and this is the first time that we’ve found it in our plots since the 1940s,” Painter said. However, while Yellowstone’s aspen are recovering, they aren’t out of the woods just yet. The deer population has declined, but bison (野牛) numbers have increased in recent years. Bison are a lot harder for wolves to take down, said Painter, so increasing numbers of bison may be emerging as a new restriction on aspen in some areas. 2. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean? A. The aspen trees are too young to make a forest. B. The aspen trees cannot get rid of survival threat. C. Other tree species may hold back aspen’s recovery. D. Yellowstone is not the best habitat for aspen trees. 3.（2025·广东梅州·模拟预测）Have you ever been hungry and tired and wished you could solve both problems at once? If you were a reindeer, it would be easy. According to new research, these talented deer can have a snooze while they chew their food. 3. What does the underlined sentence in Para 1 mean? A. It is easy for reindeer to be hungry. B. Reindeer can eat and sleep simultaneously. C. People can not solve the problem like a reindeer. D. Reindeer are talented so that they can solve the problem. 【01陌生单词】（25-26高三上·福建宁德·期末）Dogs have been a part of human society for over 20,000 years. Whereas they first served people by supporting hunters, it did not take long before they became part of the home. Companion dogs might not help secure food, but for years evidence has mounted that they help diminish anxiety and improve sociality. Research led by Kikusui Takefumi at Azabu University, published recently in iScience, explains what might be going on. It reveals that the microbes (微生物) found in the guts (肠道) of dog owners are apparently different from those who do not own dogs and that this is, at least partially, responsible for the behaviour differences. The brain does not exist on its own. The microbes found elsewhere, particularly in the gut, produce chemical compounds (化合物) that influence how the brain works. With this in mind, Dr Kikusui wondered if microbe transfer from dogs might be helping bring psychological benefits to owners. Keen to find out, he set up an experiment with 343 participants in Tokyo, focusing specifically on teenagers, as adolescence is a crucial period of brain development when social interactions often have lasting mental effects. He and his colleagues therefore psychologically analysed 96 teens who were dog owners and 247 teens who were not. As expected, dog owners suffered from fewer social problems. The next step would have been to introduce dog-associated microbes directly into the bodies of non-dog-owning teenagers. Since that is an ethically grey area, Dr Kikusui worked instead with mice. After six weeks, mice carrying microbes from dog-owning teens spent longer approaching unfamiliar mice and showed greater concern for troubled cage-mates. Dr Kikusui admits that making direct comparisons between mice and humans is far from perfect, but his findings nonetheless indicate that the probiotic changes brought about by dog ownership influence the brain. If the conclusions hold, it seems that the path to a healthier mind may begin not with careful self-reflection, but with the companionship of dogs. 1. What does the underlined word "diminish" in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Overcome. B. Replace. C. Balance. D. Reduce. 2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The differences between teenage dog owners and non-owners. B. The design and participant selection of the experiment. C. The biological basis and motivation for the research. D. The role of gut microbes in shaping brain activity. 3. Why did the researchers conduct experiments on mice? A. Dog owners show fewer social problems. B. Teenagers were more difficult to study directly. C. Human experiments may raise ethical concerns. D. Mice can behave more actively in group interaction. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Mouse-human comparisons may have limits in brain research. B. Spending time with dogs may contribute to mental well-being. C. Developing a healthy mind depends on careful self-reflection. D. Psychological health requires changes in biological systems. 【02陌生单词】（25-26高三上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末）For many people, the“10, 000 daily steps” fitness goal may seem out of reach. But new research shows protecting your brain doesn’t require such high pressure — logging 3,000 steps is enough to strengthen your cognitive (认知的) health. A study published in Nature Medicine found that walking at least 3,000 steps a day significantly slows the buildup of Alzheimer’s-related proteins and boosts the brain’s resistance against cognitive decline. This research tracked 296 healthy adults aged 50 to 90, recording their daily steps and monitoring their cognitive performance for up to 14 years. Clear patterns emerged: Adults who walked fewer than 3,000 steps daily had faster tau tangle (蛋白缠结) formation and more rapid declines in memory and thinking skills. Those walking 3,001 — 5,000 steps a day delayed cognitive decline by an average of 3 years, while those walking 5,001 — 7,000 steps saw even greater benefits — slowing age-related cognitive decline by about 7 years. Most people have heard of amyloid plaques, the sticky substance that form outside neurons (神经元) in Alzheimer’s disease. But tau, a protein normally found inside healthy neurons, is what disturbs cognition when it forms tangles. These tangles clog neurons’ internal transport system, slowing communication and quickening brain cell death. Exercise may not directly lower amyloid plaque buildup outside neurons, but the data suggests it interrupts the downstream effects of amyloid on tau. This is the key insight: Amyloid appears to set the stage for Alzheimer’s, but tau tangles are what cause the signs of the disease to unfold. Physical activities seem to break this chain and slow tau’s tangle formation. These findings add to a growing body of evidence linking regular physical activity to better brain health and delayed cognitive aging and prove that meaningful brain benefits begin at far lower step counts. “Every step counts,” first author Wai-Ying Wendy Yau said. “We want to empower people to protect their brain and cognitive health by keeping physically active.” 1. How were the research results presented? A. By referring to the former outcomes. B. By comparing recorded data. C. By assessing subjects’ cognitive change. D. By showing specific case analyses. 2. What does the underlined word “clog” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Regulate. B. Transform. C. Block. D. Activate. 3. What happens when physical activities are performed? A. Tau tangle formation is slowed. B. Tau tangle chains begin to break. C. Amyloid plaque buildup speeds up. D. Amyloid plaque intensifies impacts on tau. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The limitations of the study. B. The significance of the findings. C. The future commercial prospects. D. The discovery of the experiment. 【03陌生短语】（2026·湖北荆州·一模）The Pacific Northwest’s misty woods weren’t just Rosemary’s backyard — they were her first classroom. Now, as Response’s new Community Education Coordinator, she’s taking that “Education through experience” spirit everywhere, turning lessons into stories kids will never forget. Her favorite wilderness adventure unfolded on a spring morning with a group of fourth graders. Their mission was simple: find three “forest friends” and write a short story about each one. At first, the kids hung back, dragging their feet slowly as if they’d rather stay inside playing video games — until eight-year-old Leo suddenly dashed toward a bush, yelling, “Look! A squirrel with an acorn (橡树果) bigger than his head!” Rosemary dropped to her knees. “Let’s give him a name,” she said. They settled on “Mr. Nutkin,” and Leo scribbled(潦草地写) in his journal: “Mr. Nutkin is in a hurry. Maybe he’s hiding snacks for winter so he doesn’t get hungry.” Soon, everyone spread across the woods. When it was time to leave, Leo even stuffed a pinecone (松果) in his pocket, declaring it “for Mr. Nutkin’s house so he stays warm.” Weeks later, an envelope showed up on Rosemary’s desk, with Leo’s messy handwriting on the front. Inside was a drawing: a squirrel in a tiny pinecone house, next to a stick figure labeled “Me,” and a note: “Mr. Nutkin moved into his new home I put it in my backyard. Can we go back to the woods soon?” That’s the magic of Rosemary’s teaching: it doesn’t end when the class does. Whether she’s in a church, a farm, or a forest, she turns lessons into connections — ones that stick long after the pinecones are collected and the journals are closed. Now, at Response, she still keeps that pinecone from the woods in her bag. It’s a reminder: the best education isn’t about facts on a page but about making kids feel like the world is their storybook — and they’re the ones getting to write the fun parts. 1. Why did Rosemary regard the woods as her first classroom? A. She once taught her students there. B. She learned by exploring nature there. C. She experienced her first adventure there. D. She did research on wildlife biology there. 2. What do the underlined words “hung back” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Struggled up nervously. B. Moved forward quickly. C. Stayed behind hesitantly. D. Looked around curiously. 3. What is the purpose of Paragraph 3? A. To describe Leo’s artistic talent. B. To prove the lesson’s lasting impact. C. To indicate Leo’s keeping his promise. D. To share a continued story with readers. 4. How does Rosemary teach the kids? A. By engaging them in real experiences. B. By showing them secrets about nature. C. By organizing them to play games outdoors. D. By instructing them to write adventure journals. 【04陌生短语】（25-26高一上·四川广安·月考）Americans use many expressions with the word dog. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog’s life, describes a person who has an unhappy life. Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. The hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog. Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things. Husbands and wives use doghouse when they are angry at each other. For example, a woman might get angry at her husband for forgetting their wedding anniversary. She might tell him that he is in the doghouse and treats him badly. However, the husband may decide that it is best to leave things alone and not create more problems. He might decide to let sleeping dogs lie. Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs. 1. What does the underlined expression “work like a dog” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Work very hard. B. Have an unhappy life. C. Compete for the same things. D. Become successful. 2. If a man experiences a failure at work, what might his wife say to encourage him? A. It will rain cats and dogs. B. Every dog has its day. C. You lead a dog’s life. D. You are in the doghouse. 3. Which of the following has the same meaning as “leave things untouched”? A. Become sick as a dog. B. Teach an old dog new tricks. C. Let sleeping dogs lie. D. Make people dog-tired. 4. What’s the text mainly about? A. Expressions in American culture. B. Dog’s influence on American culture. C. A fun way to learn English. D. Some expressions with the word dog. 【05代词指代】（25-26高三上·甘肃武威·期末）In the digital age, technology is developing at an unprecedented speed, and the world around us is changing rapidly. In this context, lifelong learning has become more important than ever before. Lifelong learning refers to the process of acquiring knowledge and skills throughout one’s life, rather than just during formal education periods such as childhood and adolescence. One of the main reasons why lifelong learning is essential in the digital age is the rapid update of knowledge and technology. New technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of things are constantly emerging, and the knowledge and skills that were useful yesterday may become obsolete today. For example, a programmer who learned a certain programming language 10 years ago may find that it is no longer used in the industry, and he needs to learn new programming languages to keep up with the times. If people stop learning, they will easily fall behind and lose their competitive advantage in the job market. Another reason is that lifelong learning can help people adapt to changes in society. The digital age has brought about great changes in people’s lifestyle and work methods. More and more jobs require people to have digital literacy and the ability to use new technologies. For instance, many traditional jobs such as cashiers and bank tellers are being replaced by self-service machines and online services. People who are willing to learn new skills can find new job opportunities, while those who are unwilling to learn may face unemployment. In addition, lifelong learning can enrich people’s lives and promote personal growth. Learning new knowledge and skills can broaden people’s horizons, stimulate their creativity, and help them discover new interests. For example, an old man who learns to use a smartphone can keep in touch with his children and grandchildren more easily, and he can also learn about the world through the Internet. A housewife who learns to bake can not only make delicious food for her family but also start a small baking business if she wants to. Some people may argue that they are too old or too busy to learn. However, with the development of online education, lifelong learning has become more convenient. People can learn at any time and anywhere through online courses, video lectures, and e-books. In fact, age and time are not obstacles to lifelong learning; the real obstacle is the lack of willingness to learn. In conclusion, lifelong learning is crucial for individuals to adapt to the digital age, maintain their competitive edge, and achieve personal growth. It is a necessary way for people to face the challenges and opportunities brought by the rapid development of technology. 1. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The digital age. B. A certain programming language. C. Lifelong learning. D. Artificial intelligence. 2. Why may traditional jobs such as cashiers face unemployment? A. There are not enough cashiers. B. People prefer online shopping. C. They are replaced by new technologies. D. The salary of cashiers is too low. 3. What can we infer from the passage? A. Lifelong learning was not important before the digital age. B. Online education makes lifelong learning easier. C. Only young people need to engage in lifelong learning. D. People with digital literacy will not lose their jobs. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The development of technology in the digital age. B. The challenges faced by people in the digital age. C. The importance of lifelong learning in the digital age. D. The ways to carry out lifelong learning in the digital age. 【06代词指代】（2026·内蒙古赤峰·模拟预测）As a child, I devoted myself to books. When exams came, I revised for hours without break. But in recent years, I’ve watched that capacity for intense concentration fade into infinite phone scrolling (滚动). My attention span contracts like a candle in the wind. I want to restore that mental flexibility. So, about a year ago, I made a small promise: every time I encountered a word I didn’t know, I’d look it up and write it down. Nothing complicated, just a running list kept, ironically, on my phone. Each week, I’d review to fix words into my memory. The list now covers almost 20 pages, and this tiny routine has been quietly transformative. Each time I look up, record and review a word, I feel a faint stretch, as though some neglected part of my brain is flexing again. It’s not an easy habit to keep up, often impractical. If I’m reading on the subway, I have to stop mid-paragraph, pull out my phone and type “millenarianism” into my Google document while trying not to knock into strangers. It can slow my reading to a maddening pace. And then there’s the revising, dutifully scrolling through my growing word-collection like preparing a vocabulary test. Realistically, I apply maybe 5% of these words into my everyday speech. Most remain like museum pieces-admired but rarely handled. Still, it’s made my mind sharper. I find myself reaching less often for the same tired adjectives, and more often for something precise. Few things are more satisfying than unearthing the exact word you seek. In an age when our devices absorb our attention with merciless efficiency, it feels unconventional to use mine as a tool for slow thinking. And it’s given me back something I feared I’d lost—the pleasure of exercising a mind that, after years of mindless scrolling, is finally waking up again. 1. Why did the author begin noting down unfamiliar words? A. To prepare for a vocabulary test. B. To collect rare words for daily use. C. To regain the ability to focus deeply. D. To replace phone use with useful tasks. 2. What can we know about the author’s word-recording habit? A. It requires his consistent effort. B. It speeds up his reading process. C. It improves his everyday speech. D. It enables him to use most words. 3. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. Common adjectives might be misused. B. Using precise words fulfills the author. C. Poor vocabulary does harm to thinking. D. The author no longer uses simple adjectives. 4. What does the underlined word “mine” refer to in the last paragraph? A. The author’s attention. B. The author’s time. C. The author’s vocabulary. D. The author’s phone. 【07句子理解】（25-26高三上·重庆·月考）When James Shapland spotted a gap in the market for a dog-friendly café that was half-way between a tiny, trendy coffee shop and a large chain, he started one himself, Coffi Lab — coffi is Welsh for coffee and the lab refers to Labradors (a breed of dog). It’s not his first try in coffee shops. He sold his first business, Coffee #1, in 2011 for about £10 million to SA Brain, the Welsh brewer. However, he missed his business after the sale. He spent 2017 on a plan for a sourdough café, inspired by the success of the pizza chain Franco Manca, but shelved the idea because “the market seemed a little too good to be true”. In 2020, he sensed an unmet need for cafés that had enough “space to take my labrador in”. His plan was to open coffee shops big enough for dogs and their owners, with friendly staff selling good food and coffee. Coffi Lab also donates the profits from the homemade dog biscuits it sells, plus first-day takings from each store it opens. So far, it has raised more than £100,000 for Guide Dogs charity and sponsored 11 dogs in training. Coffi Lab now has 11 sites, with number 12 opening soon in Pontcanna, and three more over the next year in Wiltshire and Shropshire, all within 100 miles from its base in Cardiff. “I feel quite strongly about being able to visit frequently, so it’s not going to become a one-a-week blind expansion,” he said. Coffi Lab began doing its own baking in 2023, when Shapland decided that buying in pre-packaged baked goods and sandwiches wouldn’t keep customers coming back. “When you do that, you end up with average food that you’re selling for £5 and it’s not what people want” — especially when they are paying £ 4 for a coffee. 1. What can we learn about Coffi Lab from the first two paragraphs? A. It represents an emerging business. B. It was modeled on a pizza chain. C. It is a sub-brand of Coffee #1. D. It began as sourdough café. 2. What does Coffi Lab do besides serving food and coffee? A. Provide dog training sessions. B. Run a dog welfare foundation. C. Donate dog biscuits to charity. D. Fund a dog charitable organization. 3. Which word best describes Shapland’s business approach? A. Daring. B. Strategic. C. Idealistic. D. Traditional. 4. What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean? A. Coffee prices have been rising. B. Food shouldn’t cost more than coffee. C. Food and coffee should be priced reasonably. D. Customers expect better food for their money. 【08句子理解】（25-26高三上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）In a city of wealth, comfort and fine food, there’s a quiet alley (小巷) in London’s Camden where passers-by often take several photos Sharing space with elegant cafes and world-class bars, a tiny fruit and vegetable stand seems to have been transported from a country road faraway. But what makes the stall even more remarkable in the heart of Camden is that payment is on the honor system — customers just throw coins into an old mailbox — and most of the items on offer are priced at £ 1 in a neighborhood where fresh food usually goes for much, much more. The greengrocer with a heart of gold — a Chinese immigrant in her 50s who runs this stall (货摊) alone — is rarely glimpsed by her grateful customers. Lena Wong rises before dawn to prepare to work in her small plot in Enfield, outside London. Depending on the season, she’ll harvest onions, eggplants, green peppers, etc. And she works several overnight shifts every week at a nursing home to supplement (补充) her and her husband’s modest salaries. All this started one day as she was selling produce in Enfield, and a young customer said that he barely earned enough to buy food. “I hate the idea of young people walking around hungry,” Lena Wong said. The seed was planted. “I want young people to feel that they’ re not forgotten, that they are treasured,” she said. “That not everyone is out for himself. I can make money anytime. Right now, I want to give young people a helping hand” Sometimes, when she arrives late in the day, customers get a chance to thank her in person. In return, she’s fond of offering botanical sayings that she collected from a life that has had its share of both joy and pain. Lena Wong likes to say, “Even in a field full of weeds, you can grow something — if you put in the effort.” 1. What is special about Lena Wong’s vegetable stall in Camden? A. It is run by a Chinese immigrant in her 50s. B. It is located in a quiet alley away from busy streets. C. It operates on an honor system with affordable prices. D. It offers a wide variety of exotic fruits and vegetables. 2. What inspired Lena Wong to start her vegetable stall? A. Her passion for gardening and farming. B. A young customer’s struggle to afford food. C. The high demand for fresh produce in Camden. D. Her desire to become famous in the community. 3. What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph? A. Nothing grows but weeds in poor soil. B. Life is always full of both joy and pain C. Lack of effort contributes to the stall’s failure. D. Hard work can lead to success despite challenges. 4. Which of the following best describes Lena Wong according to the text? A. Diligent and caring. B. Brave and careful. C. Ambitious and helpful. D. Optimistic and humble. 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 易错19 阅读理解·词义猜测（4大易错点+易错闯关训练） 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 陌生单词猜测：选项生词或忽视语境 1 易错02 陌生短语猜测：忽视语境逻辑关系 4 易错03 推敲代词指代：忽视就近原则 7 易错04 推测句子含义：忽略前后句逻辑 10 第二部分 易错点闯关 12 闯关01猜测陌生单词两篇 12 闯关02猜测陌生短语两篇 16 闯关03猜测代词指代两篇 21 闯关04猜词句子理解两篇 25 易错01 陌生单词猜测：选项生词或忽视语境 易错典题 【例1】(2023新课标I卷第29题) Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 【解析】第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the underlined word, “declutter”。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 避错攻略 【错因分析】这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。 【干货必记】利用构词法猜词技能点拨 1.掌握构词法 派生词：否定前缀或后缀，与原单词构成反义词，如dis, un, in;后缀改变词性，不改变词义，如co-表示“共同”，re-表示“又,再”，trans-表示“转移”。 合成法:依据合成词组成新词，结合记一沙词义;种词性用作吴一种说性而记形不变; 转化法：形容词转化为名词；动词转化为形容词；名词转化为动词等。 2.思维导图 3.解题策略 第一步：依据题干定位相应段落。 第二步：瞻前顾后找准与题干相关的关键词、句。 第三步：通过构词法破解划线单词的字面意思，再通过语境找到最佳答案。 举一反三 1. (25-26·高三河南焦作·期末)What sets CarbonCure apart from other carbon capture technologies is its scalability and cost-effectiveness. Unlike industrial facilities requiring massive infrastructure, it can be modified into existing plants for under $50,000. Since 2018, it has stored 1.2 million tons of CO₂ — equivalent to taking 260,000 cars off the road for a year. In Vancouver, it built the city’s tallest residential tower, cutting emissions by 15%; in London, it’s used for a new underground rail line, reducing concrete-related emissions by 20%. 1. What does the underlined word “scalability” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Easy expansion B. Low cost C. High efficiency D. Strong durability 1. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“What sets CarbonCure apart from other carbon capture technologies is its scalability and cost-effectiveness. Unlike industrial facilities requiring massive infrastructure, it can be modified into existing plants for under $50,000.(CarbonCure与其他碳捕捉技术的不同之处在于其scalability和成本效益。与需要大规模基础设施的工业设施不同，该系统只需不到5万美元即可改造应用于现有工厂。)”可知，该系统无需新建大规模设施，能直接改造现有工厂使用，且scalability与cost-effectiveness为并列关系，结合语境可推测该词意为“易于推广、拓展”。故选A项。 2.（2026·湖南株洲·一模）The plants used to test this technique aren’t edible at present. Fan hopes to try adding such nutrient-making enzymes to crops one day. But, Fan cautions, before using this technique in fruits or vegetables, “we need to be very careful to ensure the safety of vegetarians’ diet.” The plants might adapt to the genes in unexpected ways. 2. What does the underlined word “edible” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Eatable. B. Accessible. C. Nutritious. D. Widespread. 2. 词句猜测题。根据第五段“The plants used to test this technique aren’t edible at present. Fan hopes to try adding such nutrient-making enzymes to crops one day (目前用于测试这项技术的植物还并非edible，范希望未来能尝试将这种合成营养物质的酶植入农作物中)”，结合后文提及该技术应用于果蔬前需保障饮食安全可知，现阶段试验用的植物还不能直接用于食用，而研究的后续方向是将技术应用于可食用的农作物，由此可推断“edible”的意思是“可食用的”。故选A。 3.（2026·广东深圳·一模）An ambitious plan to genetically engineer a version of the woolly mammoth (长毛猛犸象), a giant that disappeared 4,000 years ago, is making some progress. A new biosciences and genetics company, Colossal, has raised $15 million to create a mammoth hybrid that looks exactly like its extinct counterpart. The goal isn’t to clone a mammoth, but to create, through genetic engineering, a living, walking elephant-mammoth hybrid. 3. What does the underlined word “counterpart” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Extracted cell. B. Fellow species. C. Cloned elephant. D. Endangered animal. 3. 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“A new biosciences and genetics company, Colossal, has raised $15 million to create a mammoth hybrid that looks exactly like its extinct counterpart.(一家名为Colossal的新生物科学和基因公司已筹集1500万美元，用于培育一种外形与已灭绝的对应生物完全一致的猛犸象杂交体)”可知，杂交体的外形和已灭绝的长毛猛犸象一样，counterpart指的是与杂交体相对应的已灭绝生物，即同类物种。故选B项。 易错02 陌生短语猜测：忽视语境逻辑关系 易错典题 【例2】(2019全国II卷B篇第25题) I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” 25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？ A. Encourage team work.          B. Appeal to feeling. C. Promote good deeds.             D. Provide advice. 【答案】B 【解析】第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, underlined phrase, “tug at the heartstrings” , Paragraph 2, mean。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 由逻辑词“so”可知，此处可以借助因果逻辑关系猜测词义句意。画线部分的前一句提到“她可能需要有人劝说一下”，故“tug at the heartstrings”应该有“劝说”的意思。“appeal to feeling”意思是“打动某人，唤起某人的情感”。 避错攻略 若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, so, thus, therefore, as a result of, so that, so/such...that...等标志词体现。 【干货必记】利用前后句逻辑关系猜词技能点拨 举一反三 1.（2026·四川攀枝花·一模）This realization has led to counter-trends in both education and business. In 2022, German software company TechSphere GmbH started “Analog Fridays”, requiring employees not to use digital tools but paper notebooks every Friday. After the policy, surveys found that meeting attendance went up by 19%, and employees reported 27% less mental tiredness. CEO Markus Weber says, “We don’t hate technology. But choosing to disconnect on purpose helps us get back our thinking ability.” Industry reports show that by 2023, 12% of new companies in Silicon Valley had similar rules. 1. The underlined term “counter-trends” in Paragraph 3 refers to actions that________. A. promote the use of digital tools B. study the impact of apps on learning C. criticize the limitations of technology D. reduce screen time for cognitive benefits 1. 词句猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，过度使用数字工具会带来认知能力下降的负面影响，再结合第三段“In 2022, German software company TechSphere GmbH started “Analog Fridays”, requiring employees not to use digital tools but paper notebooks every Friday. After the policy, surveys found that meeting attendance went up by 19%, and employees reported 27% less mental tiredness. (2022 年，德国软件公司 TechSphere GmbH 开启了“模拟星期五”活动，要求员工在每周五不使用电子工具，而是使用纸质笔记本。该政策实施后，调查显示会议出席率提高了 19%，员工表示精神疲劳感减少了 27%。)”等具体做法可知，counter-trends指的是减少数字工具使用、恢复传统方法以保护认知能力的趋势。故选D。 2.（25-26高三上·河北·月考）The practical benefits of VR in healthcare are epoch-making. For patients, interactive virtual environments increase engagement and motivation during recovery exercises. For medical institutions, these systems can reduce staff workload while providing detailed progress tracking. Some VR systems have already obtained official medical device certification, confirming their safety and effectiveness for clinical use. 2. What does the underlined word “epoch-making” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Official. B. Theoretical. C. Substantial. D. Controversial. 2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“For patients, interactive virtual environments increase engagement and motivation during recovery exercises. For medical institutions, these systems can reduce staff workload while providing detailed progress tracking.(对于患者来说，交互式虚拟环境提高了他们在康复训练中的参与度和积极性。对于医疗机构来说，这些系统在提供详细进展追踪的同时还能减轻工作人员的工作量)”可知，虚拟现实在医疗领域的实际益处是意义重大的。因此epoch-making的意思与substantial（价值巨大的） 相近。故选C项。 3.（25-26高三上·安徽六安·月考）Innovative Chinese brands are appearing everywhere. From-Stockholm to Sydney, the electric cars silently passing by are increasingly likely to be Chinese. Mixue, an ice-cream and cold drinks company, has overtaken McDonald’s to become the world’s largest fast-food chain by number of outlets (分销点). It is expanding in South America, as is Meituan, a Beijing-based delivery app. Chagee, a chain of tea shops, is on track to have at least 1,300 stores outside China by the end of 2027, mostly in Southeast Asia; just a few years ago, it had almost none. Meanwhile, PopMart, a Chinese toy company, has created a buzz as much as Disney with its unusual grinning nine-toothed doll, called Labubu. It is impossible not to admire the creative force behind these successful companies. 3. What does the underlined part “created a buzz” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Caused public excitement. B. Made a loud noise. C. Lost great popularity. D. Received negative comments. 3. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Meanwhile, Pop Mart, a Chinese toy company, has created a buzz as much as Disney with its unusual grinning nine-toothed dolls, called Labubu.(与此同时，中国玩具公司泡泡玛特凭借其不同寻常的咧嘴露九颗牙的玩偶Labubu，引起了和迪士尼一样的……。)”可知，泡泡玛特凭借其独特的玩偶和迪士尼一样引起了公众的广泛关注和兴奋，created a buzz意思是“引起了公众的兴奋”。故选A。 易错03 推敲代词指代：忽视就近原则 易错典题 【例3】(2024·浙江1月卷B篇第24题) When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006. I was conducting auditions(试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”... 24.What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to? A.The play.   B.The shared house. C.The sofa.    D.The telephone box. 第一步：确定位置。分析句子可知, 第1段中的画线词it指代上文提到的内容。 第二步：明确含义。根据第1段中的“I was conducting auditions for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.”可知,作者当时在伦敦那狭小的合租房子里为自己的剧本进行试演。替换代入之后,我们可以发现,此处是指作者为了吸引一些有才华的演员免费为他工作,在沙发上铺了一些罩子,并点燃了蜡烛,试图让合租房看起来更“年轻、专业”一点。由此可知,it指代“合租房” 第四步：确定答案。根据以上分析可知,答案为B项。 【错因分析】就近寻找答案是破解代词指代题的捷径。 避错攻略 【方法总结】时间状语从句考点多，记住when和until最重要；看句型记搭配；错题积累水平高， 【干货必记】代词指代微技能点拨 1.试题特点 在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。代词多是it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。 代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。 2.思维导图 3.名师点津 一看单复数，二看最近名词，三看内容。 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·江西鹰潭·月考）Though participants remembered both types of stories equally well in the short term, they tended to prefer the conceptual stories to the perceptual ones and were more confident in their recollections of them. Such preference may be especially true as people get older. Research shows that as people age, they shift away from vivid, event-specific sensory details and toward memories that grasp the main points of what happened, shaping how they remember what they were told. When we're young, “Things are really novel. We're going to pay attention to everything,” Sheldon says. “But as we get older, we use memories more for social connection, and we often are recalling and describing things that we are more familiar with.” 1. What does the underlined word “them” refer to in the last paragraph? A. Conceptual stories. B. Research steps. C. Social preferences. D. Perceptual stories. 1. 词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在语境“Though participants remembered both types of stories equally well in the short term, they tended to prefer the conceptual stories to the perceptual ones and were more confident in their recollections of them. (尽管参与者在短期内对两种类型故事的记忆效果相当，但他们往往更偏爱概念性故事，对它们的回忆也更有信心。)”可知，上文说参与者短期内对两种故事的记忆效果相当，但更偏爱概念性故事，且对“它们”的回忆更有信心。结合“prefer the conceptual stories to the perceptual ones (偏爱概念性故事而非感知性故事)”的对比关系，可推测，“them”指代前文强调的“conceptual stories (概念性故事)”。故选A。 2.（2026·江苏南通·一模）Deema Assaf walked slowly through Birgish, one of only a few forests in Jordan, careful not to step on one of the delicate wild orchids. “We once had thick forests,” she said. “There were elephants, rhinos and the Asiatic lion, animals which used to live together with people here.” She looked up at the top of an old oak tree and said, “Discovering that made me see the landscape from a different perspective. It is fascinating to see the potential if human intervention were not affecting ecosystem negatively.” 2. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. The old oak tree. B. The preservation of forests. C. The effects of human intervention. D. The co-existence between man and wildlife. 2. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“There were elephants, rhinos and the Asiatic lion, animals which used to live together with people here.(这里有大象、犀牛和亚洲狮，这些都是曾经与人类共同生活在这里的动物)”以及划线词所在句“Discovering that made me see the landscape from a different perspective.”可知，发现那件事让她从全新的角度去看待这片景色了。故划线词that指的是“人类与野生动物的共存关系”。故选D。 3.（2025·湖北·二模）Bick’s solution to the problem of pest detection is sound: Eavesdropping on the unique vibrations (震动) that an insect makes when chewing on a plant to identify the insect itself. The Insect Eavesdropper uses a contact microphone, an affordable device that musicians often use on instruments. A little disc sits on a solid object – like corn – and captures the vibrations moving through it, registering each one with an electrical signal. “When corn rootworm feeds on the roots, the vibration translates from the root system to the stalk,” Bick says. “That’s where we’re picking it up. We’re using the plant as the musical instrument, as essentially the outside of a guitar.” 3. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The corn. B. The signal. C. The system. D. The vibration. 3. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“The Insect Eavesdropper uses a contact microphone, an affordable device that musicians often use on instruments. A little disc sits on a solid object – like corn – and captures the vibrations moving through it, registering each one with an electrical signal.(昆虫窃听者使用接触式麦克风，这是一种音乐家经常在乐器上使用的廉价设备。一个小圆盘放在一个固体物体上——比如玉米——捕捉通过它的振动，并将每个振动记录为电信号。)”和““When corn rootworm feeds on the roots, the vibration translates from the root system to the stalk,” Bick says. “That’s where we’re picking it up.(“当玉米根虫以根为食时，振动从根系传递到茎，”Bick说。“那正是我们捕捉到it的地方。”)”提到，当玉米根虫啃食根部时，振动从根系传递到茎秆，研究人员通过麦克风捕捉振动。由此可可知，it指代的是前文提到的“vibration”。故选D项。 易错04 推测句子含义：忽略前后句逻辑 易错典题 【例4】(2019浙江卷阅读理解B篇第24题) Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.” 24. What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Money spent without hesitation. B. Money not legally made. C. Money offered without conditions. D. Money not tied together. 【答案】C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段中But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”可知，但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站，一块牌子上用别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。所以通过下文的语境，判断出第1段中的money with no strings attached是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。故C项正确。 【干货必记】句意猜测题技能点拨 1.题型解读 高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。句意猜测题要求考生用合适的句子解释画线句子的意思。这类题往往具有以下特点:①画线的句子有特殊含义, 或者是一个高度概括的句子;②上下文往往会对画线的句子进行解释。因此, 锁定画线句的上下文,找出意义吻合的选项是解题的关键。 2.思维导图 3.名师点津 一看句子位置，二看语境逻辑，三看褒贬性。 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·云南昆明·月考）Capybaras are on a roll. These adorable animals have taken over social media — showing up in countless GIFs and even inspiring a hit song — likely because many of us long to be as chill (悠闲自在的) as they are. 1. 词句猜测题。根据下文“These adorable animals have taken over social media—showing up in countless GIFs and even inspiring a hit song — likely because many of us long to be as chill (悠闲自在的) as they are.”(这些可爱的动物已经占领了社交媒体——出现在无数动图中，甚至催生了一首热门歌曲——可能是因为我们中的许多人都渴望像他们一样悠闲自在)”可知，水豚在社交媒体上热度很高，非常受欢迎。因此猜测，划线部分Capybaras are on a roll意为“水豚正广受欢迎”。故选B。 2.（25-26高三上·四川·月考）In the new study, published in the journal Forest Ecology and Management, Luke Painter and his colleagues from Oregon State University surveyed aspen stands. “We’re seeing significant new growth of young aspen and this is the first time that we’ve found it in our plots since the 1940s,” Painter said. However, while Yellowstone’s aspen are recovering, they aren’t out of the woods just yet. The deer population has declined, but bison (野牛) numbers have increased in recent years. Bison are a lot harder for wolves to take down, said Painter, so increasing numbers of bison may be emerging as a new restriction on aspen in some areas. 2. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean? A. The aspen trees are too young to make a forest. B. The aspen trees cannot get rid of survival threat. C. Other tree species may hold back aspen’s recovery. D. Yellowstone is not the best habitat for aspen trees. 2. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“However, while Yellowstone’s aspen are recovering, they aren’t out of the woods just yet. The deer population has declined, but bison (野牛) numbers have increased in recent years. Bison are a lot harder for wolves to take down, said Painter, so increasing numbers of bison may be emerging as a new restriction on aspen in some areas.(然而，尽管黄石公园的山杨正在恢复，但they aren’t out of the woods just yet。鹿的数量有所减少，不过近年来野牛的数量却在增加。潘特（Painter）表示，野牛对狼群来说要难对付得多，因此在部分区域，不断增多的野牛可能正逐渐成为山杨生长的新制约因素。)”可知，“they aren’t out of the woods”指山杨仍面临野牛带来的新威胁，即“无法摆脱生存威胁”。故选B项。 3.（2025·广东梅州·模拟预测）Have you ever been hungry and tired and wished you could solve both problems at once? If you were a reindeer, it would be easy. According to new research, these talented deer can have a snooze while they chew their food. 3. What does the underlined sentence in Para 1 mean? A. It is easy for reindeer to be hungry. B. Reindeer can eat and sleep simultaneously. C. People can not solve the problem like a reindeer. D. Reindeer are talented so that they can solve the problem. 3. 词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Have you ever been hungry and tired and wished you could solve both problems at once? If you were a reindeer, it would be easy. According to new research, these talented deer can have a snooze while they chew their food.(你是否曾经又饿又累，希望能同时解决这两个问题？如果你是驯鹿，那就容易多了。根据一项新的研究，这些有天赋的鹿在咀嚼食物时可以打个盹。)”可知，划线句子说的是驯鹿可以同时做到吃饭和睡觉两件事。故选B。 【01陌生单词】（25-26高三上·福建宁德·期末）Dogs have been a part of human society for over 20,000 years. Whereas they first served people by supporting hunters, it did not take long before they became part of the home. Companion dogs might not help secure food, but for years evidence has mounted that they help diminish anxiety and improve sociality. Research led by Kikusui Takefumi at Azabu University, published recently in iScience, explains what might be going on. It reveals that the microbes (微生物) found in the guts (肠道) of dog owners are apparently different from those who do not own dogs and that this is, at least partially, responsible for the behaviour differences. The brain does not exist on its own. The microbes found elsewhere, particularly in the gut, produce chemical compounds (化合物) that influence how the brain works. With this in mind, Dr Kikusui wondered if microbe transfer from dogs might be helping bring psychological benefits to owners. Keen to find out, he set up an experiment with 343 participants in Tokyo, focusing specifically on teenagers, as adolescence is a crucial period of brain development when social interactions often have lasting mental effects. He and his colleagues therefore psychologically analysed 96 teens who were dog owners and 247 teens who were not. As expected, dog owners suffered from fewer social problems. The next step would have been to introduce dog-associated microbes directly into the bodies of non-dog-owning teenagers. Since that is an ethically grey area, Dr Kikusui worked instead with mice. After six weeks, mice carrying microbes from dog-owning teens spent longer approaching unfamiliar mice and showed greater concern for troubled cage-mates. Dr Kikusui admits that making direct comparisons between mice and humans is far from perfect, but his findings nonetheless indicate that the probiotic changes brought about by dog ownership influence the brain. If the conclusions hold, it seems that the path to a healthier mind may begin not with careful self-reflection, but with the companionship of dogs. 1. What does the underlined word "diminish" in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Overcome. B. Replace. C. Balance. D. Reduce. 2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The differences between teenage dog owners and non-owners. B. The design and participant selection of the experiment. C. The biological basis and motivation for the research. D. The role of gut microbes in shaping brain activity. 3. Why did the researchers conduct experiments on mice? A. Dog owners show fewer social problems. B. Teenagers were more difficult to study directly. C. Human experiments may raise ethical concerns. D. Mice can behave more actively in group interaction. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Mouse-human comparisons may have limits in brain research. B. Spending time with dogs may contribute to mental well-being. C. Developing a healthy mind depends on careful self-reflection. D. Psychological health requires changes in biological systems. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍麻布大学的Kikusui Takefumi领导的研究团队的实验研究，阐述了养狗带来的益生菌变化会影响大脑，与狗相处可能有助于心理健康。 1. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“and improve sociality(并且提高社交能力)”可知，and前后应该是并列关系，再根据anxiety可推测出，此处应该是指减少焦虑，所以推测划线词是“减少”的意思。故选D项。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The brain does not exist on its own. The microbes found elsewhere, particularly in the gut, produce chemical compounds (化合物) that influence how the brain works. With this in mind, Dr Kikusui wondered if microbe transfer from dogs might be helping bring psychological benefits to owners.(大脑并非孤立存在。在其他部位发现的微生物，尤其是肠道内的微生物，会产生影响大脑运作的化学物质。考虑到这一点，Kikusui博士想知道，从狗身上转移来的微生物是否有助于给主人带来心理上的益处)”可知，第二段主要介绍了该研究的生物学基础及动机。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The next step would have been to introduce dog-associated microbes directly into the bodies of non-dog-owning teenagers. Since that is an ethically grey area, Dr Kikusui worked instead with mice.(接下来的步骤应该是将与狗相关的微生物直接注入非狗主人的青少年体内。但由于这涉及伦理上的灰色地带，所以Kikusui博士转而以老鼠作为实验对象进行研究)”可知，研究人员要在老鼠身上进行实验的原因是：人体实验可能会引发伦理方面的担忧。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If the conclusions hold, it seems that the path to a healthier mind may begin not with careful self-reflection, but with the companionship of dogs.(如果这些结论成立的话，那么通往更健康心灵的途径似乎并非始于对自身的仔细反思，而是始于与狗狗的相伴生活)”可推知，花时间和狗在一起可能有助于心理健康。故选B项。 【02陌生单词】（25-26高三上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末）For many people, the“10, 000 daily steps” fitness goal may seem out of reach. But new research shows protecting your brain doesn’t require such high pressure — logging 3,000 steps is enough to strengthen your cognitive (认知的) health. A study published in Nature Medicine found that walking at least 3,000 steps a day significantly slows the buildup of Alzheimer’s-related proteins and boosts the brain’s resistance against cognitive decline. This research tracked 296 healthy adults aged 50 to 90, recording their daily steps and monitoring their cognitive performance for up to 14 years. Clear patterns emerged: Adults who walked fewer than 3,000 steps daily had faster tau tangle (蛋白缠结) formation and more rapid declines in memory and thinking skills. Those walking 3,001 — 5,000 steps a day delayed cognitive decline by an average of 3 years, while those walking 5,001 — 7,000 steps saw even greater benefits — slowing age-related cognitive decline by about 7 years. Most people have heard of amyloid plaques, the sticky substance that form outside neurons (神经元) in Alzheimer’s disease. But tau, a protein normally found inside healthy neurons, is what disturbs cognition when it forms tangles. These tangles clog neurons’ internal transport system, slowing communication and quickening brain cell death. Exercise may not directly lower amyloid plaque buildup outside neurons, but the data suggests it interrupts the downstream effects of amyloid on tau. This is the key insight: Amyloid appears to set the stage for Alzheimer’s, but tau tangles are what cause the signs of the disease to unfold. Physical activities seem to break this chain and slow tau’s tangle formation. These findings add to a growing body of evidence linking regular physical activity to better brain health and delayed cognitive aging and prove that meaningful brain benefits begin at far lower step counts. “Every step counts,” first author Wai-Ying Wendy Yau said. “We want to empower people to protect their brain and cognitive health by keeping physically active.” 1. How were the research results presented? A. By referring to the former outcomes. B. By comparing recorded data. C. By assessing subjects’ cognitive change. D. By showing specific case analyses. 2. What does the underlined word “clog” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Regulate. B. Transform. C. Block. D. Activate. 3. What happens when physical activities are performed? A. Tau tangle formation is slowed. B. Tau tangle chains begin to break. C. Amyloid plaque buildup speeds up. D. Amyloid plaque intensifies impacts on tau. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The limitations of the study. B. The significance of the findings. C. The future commercial prospects. D. The discovery of the experiment. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了步数与认知健康的关联。研究表明，50—90岁人群每日步行3000步即可减缓阿尔茨海默病相关 tau蛋白缠结，延缓认知衰退；3001—5000步延迟3年；5001—7000步延迟7年。运动可阻断淀粉样蛋白对tau的影响，护脑无需“每日万步，每步皆有意义”。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“This research tracked 296 healthy adults aged 50 to 90, recording their daily steps and monitoring their cognitive performance for up to 14 years. (这项研究对296名年龄在50岁至90岁之间的健康成年人进行了跟踪调查，记录了他们的每日步数，并对他们的认知能力进行了长达14年的监测。)”以及第三段“Clear patterns emerged: Adults who walked fewer than 3,000 steps daily had faster tau tangle (蛋白缠结) formation and more rapid declines in memory and thinking skills. Those walking 3,001 — 5,000 steps a day delayed cognitive decline by an average of 3 years, while those walking 5,001 — 7,000 steps saw even greater benefits — slowing age-related cognitive decline by about 7 years. (清晰的规律逐渐显现出来：每天步行少于3000步的成年人，其tau蛋白缠结的形成速度更快，记忆力和思维能力的衰退也更为迅速。而每天步行3001至5000步的人，其认知能力衰退的平均时间延迟了3年；而每天步行5001至7000步的人，其效果更为显著——年龄相关的认知能力衰退速度减缓了约7年。)”可知，研究结果是通过比较记录的数据呈现的。故选B。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“But tau, a protein normally found inside healthy neurons, is what disturbs cognition when it forms tangles. These tangles clog neurons’ internal transport system, slowing communication and quickening brain cell death. (但一种名为“tau”的蛋白质（在健康神经元内部通常会存在）在形成缠结时会干扰认知功能。这些缠结会clog神经元内部的运输系统，减缓信息传递速度，并加速脑细胞的死亡。)”中的“disturbs cognition (干扰认知) ”、“slowing communication (沟通迟缓) ”、“quickening brain cell death (加速脑细胞死亡)”可知，这些缠结对神经元内运输系统有负面影响，所以推测“clog neurons’ internal transport system”应意为“阻塞神经元内运输系统”。故划线词意思是“阻塞”。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Physical activities seem to break this chain and slow tau’s tangle formation. (体育锻炼似乎能够打破这种循环，并减缓tau蛋白缠结的形成。)”可知，体育运动能打破淀粉样蛋白对tau蛋白的影响，从而延缓tau缠结的形成。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“These findings add to a growing body of evidence linking regular physical activity to better brain health and delayed cognitive aging and prove that meaningful brain benefits begin at far lower step counts. “Every step counts,” first author Wai-Ying Wendy Yau said. “We want to empower people to protect their brain and cognitive health by keeping physically active.” (这些研究结果进一步证实了规律的体育锻炼与更好的大脑健康状况以及延缓认知能力衰退之间存在关联，并且证明有意义的大脑益处的出现所需步数要远低于此前认为的数值。“每一步都很重要，”第一作者韦英·温迪·尤说道，“我们希望鼓励人们通过保持身体活动来保护自己的大脑和认知健康。”)”可知，最后一段主要说明了实验研究的意义。故选B。 【03陌生短语】（2026·湖北荆州·一模）The Pacific Northwest’s misty woods weren’t just Rosemary’s backyard — they were her first classroom. Now, as Response’s new Community Education Coordinator, she’s taking that “Education through experience” spirit everywhere, turning lessons into stories kids will never forget. Her favorite wilderness adventure unfolded on a spring morning with a group of fourth graders. Their mission was simple: find three “forest friends” and write a short story about each one. At first, the kids hung back, dragging their feet slowly as if they’d rather stay inside playing video games — until eight-year-old Leo suddenly dashed toward a bush, yelling, “Look! A squirrel with an acorn (橡树果) bigger than his head!” Rosemary dropped to her knees. “Let’s give him a name,” she said. They settled on “Mr. Nutkin,” and Leo scribbled(潦草地写) in his journal: “Mr. Nutkin is in a hurry. Maybe he’s hiding snacks for winter so he doesn’t get hungry.” Soon, everyone spread across the woods. When it was time to leave, Leo even stuffed a pinecone (松果) in his pocket, declaring it “for Mr. Nutkin’s house so he stays warm.” Weeks later, an envelope showed up on Rosemary’s desk, with Leo’s messy handwriting on the front. Inside was a drawing: a squirrel in a tiny pinecone house, next to a stick figure labeled “Me,” and a note: “Mr. Nutkin moved into his new home I put it in my backyard. Can we go back to the woods soon?” That’s the magic of Rosemary’s teaching: it doesn’t end when the class does. Whether she’s in a church, a farm, or a forest, she turns lessons into connections — ones that stick long after the pinecones are collected and the journals are closed. Now, at Response, she still keeps that pinecone from the woods in her bag. It’s a reminder: the best education isn’t about facts on a page but about making kids feel like the world is their storybook — and they’re the ones getting to write the fun parts. 1. Why did Rosemary regard the woods as her first classroom? A. She once taught her students there. B. She learned by exploring nature there. C. She experienced her first adventure there. D. She did research on wildlife biology there. 2. What do the underlined words “hung back” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Struggled up nervously. B. Moved forward quickly. C. Stayed behind hesitantly. D. Looked around curiously. 3. What is the purpose of Paragraph 3? A. To describe Leo’s artistic talent. B. To prove the lesson’s lasting impact. C. To indicate Leo’s keeping his promise. D. To share a continued story with readers. 4. How does Rosemary teach the kids? A. By engaging them in real experiences. B. By showing them secrets about nature. C. By organizing them to play games outdoors. D. By instructing them to write adventure journals. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了社区教育协调员罗斯玛丽通过自然体验式教学激发孩子创造力，并让教育影响延续至课堂之外。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Pacific Northwest’s misty woods weren’t just Rosemary’s backyard — they were her first classroom. Now, as Response’s new Community Education Coordinator, she’s taking that “Education through experience” spirit everywhere, turning lessons into stories kids will never forget.(太平洋西北地区雾气氤氲的森林，对罗斯玛丽而言，早已不只是家门外的一方天地 —— 那是她的第一间课堂。如今，身为“回响”组织新任社区教育协调员的她，正将这种“体验式教育”的理念播撒到每一个角落，把枯燥的课程转化为孩子们永生难忘的趣味故事。)”可知，罗斯玛丽将森林视为首个课堂是因为她通过探索自然进行学习。故选B。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“At first, the kids hung back, dragging their feet slowly as if they’d rather stay inside playing video games(起初，孩子们hung back，拖着脚步慢慢走，好像他们宁愿待在家里玩电子游戏)”可知，孩子们起初不愿参与活动，犹豫不决地留在后面，因此hung back意为“犹豫不决地留在后面”。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Weeks later, an envelope showed up on Rosemary’s desk, with Leo’s messy handwriting on the front. Inside was a drawing: a squirrel in a tiny pinecone house, next to a stick figure labeled “Me,” and a note: “Mr. Nutkin moved into his new home I put it in my backyard. Can we go back to the woods soon?”(几周后，一个信封被送到了罗斯玛丽的办公桌上，信封正面是利奥歪歪扭扭的笔迹。里面装着一幅画：一只松鼠住在一座小小的松果房子里，旁边画着一个火柴人，标注着“我”。画的下方还有一张便条，上面写着：“纳特金先生搬进新家啦！我把它的房子安在了我家后院。我们什么时候能再回森林呀？”)”可知，该段通过里奥的后续行动证明课程产生了持久影响。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Now, as Response’s new Community Education Coordinator, she’s taking that “Education through experience” spirit everywhere, turning lessons into stories kids will never forget.(如今，身为“回响”组织新任社区教育协调员的她，正将这种“体验式教育”的理念播撒到每一个角落，把枯燥的课程转化为孩子们永生难忘的趣味故事。)”、第二段“Her favorite wilderness adventure unfolded on a spring morning with a group of fourth graders. Their mission was simple: find three “forest friends” and write a short story about each one. At first, the kids hung back, dragging their feet slowly as if they’d rather stay inside playing video games — until eight-year-old Leo suddenly dashed toward a bush, yelling, “Look! A squirrel with an acorn bigger than his head!” Rosemary dropped to her knees. “Let’s give him a name,” she said. They settled on “Mr. Nutkin,” and Leo scribbled in his journal: “Mr. Nutkin is in a hurry. Maybe he’s hiding snacks for winter so he doesn’t get hungry.” Soon, everyone spread across the woods. When it was time to leave, Leo even stuffed a pinecone in his pocket, declaring it “for Mr. Nutkin’s house so he stays warm.”(她最难忘的一次野外探险活动，发生在一个春日的清晨，同行的是一群四年级的孩子。他们的任务很简单：找到三位“森林朋友”，并为每一位写下一则小故事。起初，孩子们都有些怯生生地缩在后面，慢吞吞地挪着步子，一副宁愿待在屋里打电子游戏的模样 —— 直到八岁的利奥突然朝着一丛灌木飞奔过去，大喊道：“快看！有只松鼠叼着一颗比它脑袋还大的橡树果！”罗斯玛丽蹲下身来，柔声提议：“我们来给它起个名字吧。”大家最终敲定叫它“纳特金先生”。利奥立刻在自己的日记本上潦草地写道：“纳特金先生行色匆匆，它也许是在为冬天囤积零食，这样冬天就不会挨饿啦。”很快，孩子们便四散开来，兴致勃勃地穿梭在林间。活动结束准备离开时，利奥甚至还往口袋里塞了一颗松果，郑重其事地说：“这是给纳特金先生的家添置的，这样它就能暖暖和和过冬了。”)”可知，第二段描述她带着四年级孩子在森林里找“森林朋友”并写故事的经历，第一段也提到“体验式教育”，所以罗斯玛丽通过让孩子们参与真实的体验来进行教学。故选A。 【04陌生短语】（25-26高一上·四川广安·月考）Americans use many expressions with the word dog. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog’s life, describes a person who has an unhappy life. Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. The hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog. Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things. Husbands and wives use doghouse when they are angry at each other. For example, a woman might get angry at her husband for forgetting their wedding anniversary. She might tell him that he is in the doghouse and treats him badly. However, the husband may decide that it is best to leave things alone and not create more problems. He might decide to let sleeping dogs lie. Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs. 1. What does the underlined expression “work like a dog” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Work very hard. B. Have an unhappy life. C. Compete for the same things. D. Become successful. 2. If a man experiences a failure at work, what might his wife say to encourage him? A. It will rain cats and dogs. B. Every dog has its day. C. You lead a dog’s life. D. You are in the doghouse. 3. Which of the following has the same meaning as “leave things untouched”? A. Become sick as a dog. B. Teach an old dog new tricks. C. Let sleeping dogs lie. D. Make people dog-tired. 4. What’s the text mainly about? A. Expressions in American culture. B. Dog’s influence on American culture. C. A fun way to learn English. D. Some expressions with the word dog. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了美国人使用的一些与“dog”这个单词有关的表达方式，并解释了这些表达方式的含义和用法。 1. 词句猜测题。根据上文“Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs.They say that to be successful,(有人说，我们生活在一个“弱肉强食”的世界里。意思是很多人都在争夺同样的东西，比如好工作。他们说，要想成功)”和下文“The hard work can make people dog-tired.(这份辛劳会让人“筋疲力尽”。)”可知，他们说，要想成功，就得“拼命工作”。由此可知，work like a dog意为“非常努力工作”。故选A。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life.(尽管如此，人们还是说每个人都会有成功的时候。这意味着每个人在一生中都会有一段成功的时期。)”可知，如果一个人在工作中失败了，他的妻子可能会说“每个人都会有成功的时候”来鼓励他。故选B。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“However, the husband may decide that it is best to leave things alone and not create more problems.(不过，丈夫或许会觉得最好顺其自然，别再引发更多麻烦。)”可知，let sleeping dogs lie意为“别自找麻烦”与“leave things untouched”意思相同。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Americans use many expressions with the word dog.(美国人使用很多带有‘dog’这个词的表达。)”可知，文章主要介绍了美国人使用的一些与“dog”这个单词有关的表达方式。故选D。 【05代词指代】（25-26高三上·甘肃武威·期末）In the digital age, technology is developing at an unprecedented speed, and the world around us is changing rapidly. In this context, lifelong learning has become more important than ever before. Lifelong learning refers to the process of acquiring knowledge and skills throughout one’s life, rather than just during formal education periods such as childhood and adolescence. One of the main reasons why lifelong learning is essential in the digital age is the rapid update of knowledge and technology. New technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of things are constantly emerging, and the knowledge and skills that were useful yesterday may become obsolete today. For example, a programmer who learned a certain programming language 10 years ago may find that it is no longer used in the industry, and he needs to learn new programming languages to keep up with the times. If people stop learning, they will easily fall behind and lose their competitive advantage in the job market. Another reason is that lifelong learning can help people adapt to changes in society. The digital age has brought about great changes in people’s lifestyle and work methods. More and more jobs require people to have digital literacy and the ability to use new technologies. For instance, many traditional jobs such as cashiers and bank tellers are being replaced by self-service machines and online services. People who are willing to learn new skills can find new job opportunities, while those who are unwilling to learn may face unemployment. In addition, lifelong learning can enrich people’s lives and promote personal growth. Learning new knowledge and skills can broaden people’s horizons, stimulate their creativity, and help them discover new interests. For example, an old man who learns to use a smartphone can keep in touch with his children and grandchildren more easily, and he can also learn about the world through the Internet. A housewife who learns to bake can not only make delicious food for her family but also start a small baking business if she wants to. Some people may argue that they are too old or too busy to learn. However, with the development of online education, lifelong learning has become more convenient. People can learn at any time and anywhere through online courses, video lectures, and e-books. In fact, age and time are not obstacles to lifelong learning; the real obstacle is the lack of willingness to learn. In conclusion, lifelong learning is crucial for individuals to adapt to the digital age, maintain their competitive edge, and achieve personal growth. It is a necessary way for people to face the challenges and opportunities brought by the rapid development of technology. 1. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The digital age. B. A certain programming language. C. Lifelong learning. D. Artificial intelligence. 2. Why may traditional jobs such as cashiers face unemployment? A. There are not enough cashiers. B. People prefer online shopping. C. They are replaced by new technologies. D. The salary of cashiers is too low. 3. What can we infer from the passage? A. Lifelong learning was not important before the digital age. B. Online education makes lifelong learning easier. C. Only young people need to engage in lifelong learning. D. People with digital literacy will not lose their jobs. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The development of technology in the digital age. B. The challenges faced by people in the digital age. C. The importance of lifelong learning in the digital age. D. The ways to carry out lifelong learning in the digital age. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了在数字时代，技术飞速发展，知识快速更新，终身学习对于个人适应变化、保持竞争力和实现个人成长至关重要，并指出在线教育使终身学习变得更加便捷。 1. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“For example, a programmer who learned a certain programming language 10 years ago may find that it is no longer used in the industry(例如，一名十年前学过某种编程语言的程序员可能会发现，‘它’在行业中已经不再被使用了)”可知，此处“it”指代前文提到的“a certain programming language(某种编程语言)”。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“For instance, many traditional jobs such as cashiers and bank tellers are being replaced by self-service machines and online services(例如，许多传统职业，如收银员和银行出纳员，正被自助机器和在线服务所取代)”可知，收银员等传统职业面临淘汰是因为被新技术替代。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“However, with the development of online education, lifelong learning has become more convenient(然而，随着在线教育的发展，终身学习变得更加便捷)”可知，在线教育让终身学习变得更容易。故选B。 5. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“In this context, lifelong learning has become more important than ever before(在这样的背景下，终身学习变得比以往任何时候都更加重要)”以及最后一段“In conclusion, lifelong learning is crucial for individuals to adapt to the digital age(总之，终身学习对于个人适应数字时代至关重要)”可知，本文主旨是数字时代终身学习的重要性。故选C。 【06代词指代】（2026·内蒙古赤峰·模拟预测）As a child, I devoted myself to books. When exams came, I revised for hours without break. But in recent years, I’ve watched that capacity for intense concentration fade into infinite phone scrolling (滚动). My attention span contracts like a candle in the wind. I want to restore that mental flexibility. So, about a year ago, I made a small promise: every time I encountered a word I didn’t know, I’d look it up and write it down. Nothing complicated, just a running list kept, ironically, on my phone. Each week, I’d review to fix words into my memory. The list now covers almost 20 pages, and this tiny routine has been quietly transformative. Each time I look up, record and review a word, I feel a faint stretch, as though some neglected part of my brain is flexing again. It’s not an easy habit to keep up, often impractical. If I’m reading on the subway, I have to stop mid-paragraph, pull out my phone and type “millenarianism” into my Google document while trying not to knock into strangers. It can slow my reading to a maddening pace. And then there’s the revising, dutifully scrolling through my growing word-collection like preparing a vocabulary test. Realistically, I apply maybe 5% of these words into my everyday speech. Most remain like museum pieces-admired but rarely handled. Still, it’s made my mind sharper. I find myself reaching less often for the same tired adjectives, and more often for something precise. Few things are more satisfying than unearthing the exact word you seek. In an age when our devices absorb our attention with merciless efficiency, it feels unconventional to use mine as a tool for slow thinking. And it’s given me back something I feared I’d lost—the pleasure of exercising a mind that, after years of mindless scrolling, is finally waking up again. 1. Why did the author begin noting down unfamiliar words? A. To prepare for a vocabulary test. B. To collect rare words for daily use. C. To regain the ability to focus deeply. D. To replace phone use with useful tasks. 2. What can we know about the author’s word-recording habit? A. It requires his consistent effort. B. It speeds up his reading process. C. It improves his everyday speech. D. It enables him to use most words. 3. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. Common adjectives might be misused. B. Using precise words fulfills the author. C. Poor vocabulary does harm to thinking. D. The author no longer uses simple adjectives. 4. What does the underlined word “mine” refer to in the last paragraph? A. The author’s attention. B. The author’s time. C. The author’s vocabulary. D. The author’s phone. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者如何通过记录并复习不熟悉的单词来恢复和提升自己的专注力和思维灵活性。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“But in recent years, I’ve watched that capacity for intense concentration fade into infinite phone scrolling (滚动). My attention span contracts like a candle in the wind. I want to restore that mental flexibility.(但近年来，我发现自己这种高度专注的能力逐渐消失，取而代之的是无休止地刷手机。我的注意力就像风中的蜡烛一样摇曳不定。我想重新找回那种思维的灵活性。)”和第二段“So, about a year ago, I made a small promise: every time I encountered a word I didn’t know, I’d look it up and write it down.(于是，大约一年前，我给自己定下了一个小小的承诺：每次遇到不认识的单词，我都会查一查并记下来。)”可知，作者开始记录不熟悉的单词是为了重新获得深度专注的能力。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The list now covers almost 20 pages, and this tiny routine has been quietly transformative.(现在，这份清单已经快有20页了，而这个小小的习惯也在悄然改变着我。)”可知，作者记录单词的习惯需要他持续不断的努力。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Few things are more satisfying than unearthing the exact word you seek.(没有什么比找到你想要的准确词汇更令人满足的了。)”可知，从第四段可以推断出使用精确的词汇让作者感到满足。故选B。 4. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“In an age when our devices absorb our attention with merciless efficiency, it feels unconventional to use mine as a tool for slow thinking.(在这个我们的设备无情地吞噬着我们注意力的时代，用我的手机作为慢思考的工具，似乎有些不合常规。)”可知，划线词前面那句在说“我们的设备无情地吞噬着我们注意力的时代”，前面讲到作者用手机记录单词，因此此处表示“用我的手机作为慢思考的工具”，mine指的是“作者的手机”。故选D。 【07句子理解】（25-26高三上·重庆·月考）When James Shapland spotted a gap in the market for a dog-friendly café that was half-way between a tiny, trendy coffee shop and a large chain, he started one himself, Coffi Lab — coffi is Welsh for coffee and the lab refers to Labradors (a breed of dog). It’s not his first try in coffee shops. He sold his first business, Coffee #1, in 2011 for about £10 million to SA Brain, the Welsh brewer. However, he missed his business after the sale. He spent 2017 on a plan for a sourdough café, inspired by the success of the pizza chain Franco Manca, but shelved the idea because “the market seemed a little too good to be true”. In 2020, he sensed an unmet need for cafés that had enough “space to take my labrador in”. His plan was to open coffee shops big enough for dogs and their owners, with friendly staff selling good food and coffee. Coffi Lab also donates the profits from the homemade dog biscuits it sells, plus first-day takings from each store it opens. So far, it has raised more than £100,000 for Guide Dogs charity and sponsored 11 dogs in training. Coffi Lab now has 11 sites, with number 12 opening soon in Pontcanna, and three more over the next year in Wiltshire and Shropshire, all within 100 miles from its base in Cardiff. “I feel quite strongly about being able to visit frequently, so it’s not going to become a one-a-week blind expansion,” he said. Coffi Lab began doing its own baking in 2023, when Shapland decided that buying in pre-packaged baked goods and sandwiches wouldn’t keep customers coming back. “When you do that, you end up with average food that you’re selling for £5 and it’s not what people want” — especially when they are paying £ 4 for a coffee. 1. What can we learn about Coffi Lab from the first two paragraphs? A. It represents an emerging business. B. It was modeled on a pizza chain. C. It is a sub-brand of Coffee #1. D. It began as sourdough café. 2. What does Coffi Lab do besides serving food and coffee? A. Provide dog training sessions. B. Run a dog welfare foundation. C. Donate dog biscuits to charity. D. Fund a dog charitable organization. 3. Which word best describes Shapland’s business approach? A. Daring. B. Strategic. C. Idealistic. D. Traditional. 4. What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean? A. Coffee prices have been rising. B. Food shouldn’t cost more than coffee. C. Food and coffee should be priced reasonably. D. Customers expect better food for their money. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了创业者James Shapland创办宠物友好型咖啡店Coffi Lab的经营理念与发展历程。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“When James Shapland spotted a gap in the market for a dog-friendly café that was half-way between a tiny, trendy coffee shop and a large chain, he started one himself, Coffi Lab — coffi is Welsh for coffee and the lab refers to Labradors (a breed of dog). (当James Shapland发现市场上存在一个空白， 即一种介于小型潮流咖啡馆和大型连锁品牌之间的宠物犬友好型咖啡馆时，他亲自创办了一家，名为Coffi Lab——coffi是威尔士语中“咖啡”的意思，而lab则指拉布拉多犬（一种犬类品种）)”以及第二段中“He sold his first business, Coffee #1, in 2011 for about £10 million to SA Brain, the Welsh brewer. However, he missed his business after the sale. He spent 2017 on a plan for a sourdough café, inspired by the success of the pizza chain Franco Manca, but shelved the idea because “the market seemed a little too good to be true”. (2011年，他将自己的首家企业Coffee #1以约1000万英镑的价格出售给了威尔士酿酒商SA Brain集团。然而，出售后他却怀念起自己的事业。2017年，受披萨连锁品牌Franco Manca成功的启发，他着手规划一家酸面包咖啡馆，但最终搁置了这个想法——因为“市场前景好得有些不真实”)”可知，Coffi Lab是针对市场空白新创立的品牌，且是近年来推出的新型商业模式，因此可推断它代表一种新兴业态。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Coffi Lab also donates the profits from the homemade dog biscuits it sells, plus first-day takings from each store it opens. So far, it has raised more than £100,000 for Guide Dogs charity and sponsored 11 dogs in training. (Coffi Lab还会将其销售自制狗狗饼干所获利润，连同每家新店开业首日的营业收入一并捐赠出去。截至目前，该品牌已为导盲犬慈善机构筹集超过10万英镑资金，并资助了11只正在接受训练的导盲犬)”可知，Coffi Lab除了提供食物和咖啡外，还为导盲犬慈善机构筹集资金并赞助训练中的狗，即资助一个狗狗慈善组织。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“He spent 2017 on a plan for a sourdough café, inspired by the success of the pizza chain Franco Manca, but shelved the idea because “the market seemed a little too good to be true”. (2017年，受披萨连锁品牌Franco Manca成功的启发，他着手规划一家酸面包咖啡馆，但最终搁置了这个想法——因为“市场前景好得有些不真实”)”以及第三段中“In 2020, he sensed an unmet need for cafés that had enough “space to take my labrador in”. (2020年，他察觉到市场对有足够空间能带拉布拉多犬进入的咖啡馆存在未被满足的需求)”和第四段中““I feel quite strongly about being able to visit frequently, so it’s not going to become a one-a-week blind expansion,” he said. (“我非常希望能频繁到访（旗下门店），所以Coffi Lab不会进行每周一家的盲目扩张。” 他说道)”可知，Shapland在创业过程中会进行市场调研，根据市场需求调整计划，并且注重扩张的合理性，说明他的商业方法是具有战略性的。故选B。 4. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Coffi Lab began doing its own baking in 2023, when Shapland decided that buying in pre-packaged baked goods and sandwiches wouldn’t keep customers coming back. “When you do that, you end up with average food that you’re selling for £5 and it’s not what people want” — especially when they are paying £ 4 for a coffee. (Coffi Lab于2023年开始自主烘焙业务，当时沙普兰认为，采购预包装烘焙食品和三明治无法留住顾客。“如果这么做，最终只会提供均价5英镑的普通食物——这并非人们真正想要的，”尤其是当顾客要花4英镑买一杯咖啡时)”可知，作者强调若食物品质一般却售价较高，尤其咖啡已卖4英镑时，顾客会期望食物品质与其支付的价格相匹配。因此划线部分意味着顾客希望物有所值，即花钱得到更好的食物。故选D。 【08句子理解】（25-26高三上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）In a city of wealth, comfort and fine food, there’s a quiet alley (小巷) in London’s Camden where passers-by often take several photos Sharing space with elegant cafes and world-class bars, a tiny fruit and vegetable stand seems to have been transported from a country road faraway. But what makes the stall even more remarkable in the heart of Camden is that payment is on the honor system — customers just throw coins into an old mailbox — and most of the items on offer are priced at £ 1 in a neighborhood where fresh food usually goes for much, much more. The greengrocer with a heart of gold — a Chinese immigrant in her 50s who runs this stall (货摊) alone — is rarely glimpsed by her grateful customers. Lena Wong rises before dawn to prepare to work in her small plot in Enfield, outside London. Depending on the season, she’ll harvest onions, eggplants, green peppers, etc. And she works several overnight shifts every week at a nursing home to supplement (补充) her and her husband’s modest salaries. All this started one day as she was selling produce in Enfield, and a young customer said that he barely earned enough to buy food. “I hate the idea of young people walking around hungry,” Lena Wong said. The seed was planted. “I want young people to feel that they’ re not forgotten, that they are treasured,” she said. “That not everyone is out for himself. I can make money anytime. Right now, I want to give young people a helping hand” Sometimes, when she arrives late in the day, customers get a chance to thank her in person. In return, she’s fond of offering botanical sayings that she collected from a life that has had its share of both joy and pain. Lena Wong likes to say, “Even in a field full of weeds, you can grow something — if you put in the effort.” 1. What is special about Lena Wong’s vegetable stall in Camden? A. It is run by a Chinese immigrant in her 50s. B. It is located in a quiet alley away from busy streets. C. It operates on an honor system with affordable prices. D. It offers a wide variety of exotic fruits and vegetables. 2. What inspired Lena Wong to start her vegetable stall? A. Her passion for gardening and farming. B. A young customer’s struggle to afford food. C. The high demand for fresh produce in Camden. D. Her desire to become famous in the community. 3. What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph? A. Nothing grows but weeds in poor soil. B. Life is always full of both joy and pain C. Lack of effort contributes to the stall’s failure. D. Hard work can lead to success despite challenges. 4. Which of the following best describes Lena Wong according to the text? A. Diligent and caring. B. Brave and careful. C. Ambitious and helpful. D. Optimistic and humble. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了伦敦卡姆登区一位华裔移民Lena Wong开设平价蔬果摊的善举，展现了她的勤劳与善意。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“But what makes the stall even more remarkable in the heart of Camden is that payment is on the honor system — customers just throw coins into an old mailbox — and most of the items on offer are priced at £1 in a neighborhood where fresh food usually goes for much, much more. (但让这个位于卡姆登中心的小摊更引人注目的是，它的付款方式是基于信任制度的，顾客只需把硬币扔进一个旧邮箱里，在一个新鲜食品通常要贵得多的社区，这个小摊大多数商品的价格都是1英镑)”可知，Lena Wong的小摊特别在于诚信付款制+平价。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“a young customer said that he barely earned enough to buy food (一位年轻顾客提到自己赚的钱几乎不够买食物)”以及““I hate the idea of young people walking around hungry,” Lena Wong said. The seed was planted. (Lena Wong说：“我讨厌年轻人得饿着肚子走来走去。”这颗种子就此种下了)”可知，Lena Wong开设小摊的灵感正是源于这位年轻顾客所面临的吃饭问题。故选B。 3. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段划线句“Even in a field full of weeds, you can grow something — if you put in the effort. (即使在杂草丛生的土地上，只要付出努力，也能种出东西)”可知，这是一个比喻。结合Lena Wong帮助经济拮据年轻人的故事背景，此句生动地传达了其核心信念：即便处境艰难(杂草丛生的土地)，通过个人努力(付出努力)也一定能创造出价值与希望(种出东西)，符合D选项“尽管面临挑战，努力工作也能带来成功”。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Lena Wong rises before dawn (Lena Wong天还没亮就起床)”以及“she works several overnight shifts every week (她每周上几个夜班)”可知，她是勤劳的。根据第三段“want to give young people a helping hand (想帮年轻人一把)”可知，她是有爱心的。故选A。 21 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $