易错17 阅读理解·细节理解（4大易错点+易错闯关训练）（易错专练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

易错17 阅读理解·细节理解（4大易错点+易错闯关训练） 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 数据推算：没抓住内容逻辑致计算错误 1 易错02 同义转述：同义转述或简化概括错误 4 易错03 无中生有：利用原文词汇编造信息 5 易错04 答非所问：信息正确但与问题无关 7 第二部分 易错点闯关 9 易错01 数据推算：没抓住内容逻辑致计算错误 易错典题 【例1】(2025全国一卷阅读理解A 篇第21题) The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. ... 21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%. 避错攻略 【方法总结】 先定位(题干关键词)，再圈画(原文相关词句)，后计算(看逻辑再加减乘除运算)。 【干货必记】数字计算题满分策略 1.题型解读 数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。 2.思维导图 3.解题步骤 原文定位：依据题干关键词，然后寻读原文，同时标记数字、时间、年代等相关信息。 理清关系：数据与原文数据的逻辑关系，并进行加减乘除计算。 特别关注：decade 十年fortnight两周double两倍 couple两个score二十dozen十二off削价，减价discount折扣。 做题留痕：依据题干在原文圈划答题区间；划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率. 错题反思：专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。 举一反三 1.（2026浙江1月卷阅读理解A篇第22题）... Estimated Project Timeline August 2 Call for Artists responses due By August 12 Successful artists selected; enter into a contract with the City of Burlington September 6 Final artwork files due September 23 – October 13 Artwork displayed for duration of Culture Days celebration ... 22. How long will the public art signs be on display? A. Ten days. B. Three weeks. C. One month. D. Two months. 2.（2025浙江1月卷阅读理解A篇第23题）... Interlibrary Loan Fees Library Type Loan Cost Article/Chapter Cost Non-Profit Libraries $15 $10 For-Profit Libraries $20 $12 International Libraries $25 $15 23. How much do you pay for two articles obtained from an international library? A. $15. B. $20. C. $24. D. $30. 3.（2023新课标I卷阅读理解A篇第22题）... Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. Prices Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day (24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00 22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A. €15.75. B. €19.50. C. €22.75. D. €29.50. 易错02 同义转述：不熟悉同义转述或简化概括 易错典题 【例2】（2024新课标I卷阅读理解A篇第23题） HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM ... GROUPS ... AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 避错攻略 【方法总结】让步状语从句并不难，记住“虽然”含义是关键；先看搭配后看语境；对号入座选答案。 【干货必记】阅读理解微技能之同义转述和简化概括 1.同义转述 在阅读理解的题目中，命题人有时会将文中的一个或多个信息点换一种方式表达出来即同义转述。同义转述可能会出现在题干中，也可能出现在选项中，转述的方式也是多种多样的，如通过同义词、反义词、近义词或派生词的形式等。借助“同义转述”，考生可以快速锁定答案。如2024新课标I卷第30题A项中的“hold students' attention”是对原文中“feel more engaging”的同义转述。 2.简化概括 高考阅读理解不仅考查考生提取文本中表层信息(文本中直接陈述的事实与观点)的能力，同时也会考查考生的深层理解能力，要求考生理解散落在文本各处的信息点，并进行归纳整理，得出文章所要表达的含义，因此这些题目的正确选项就是对文中碎片信息的整合与概括。如2024新课标I卷第29题A项中的“treat digital texts lightly"是对原文信息句people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not soserious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print"简化概括。 举一反三 1.（2025全国二卷阅读理解A篇第22题） Shrewsbury, Shropshire Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety. The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. Flowers are everywhere-hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters-just what you imagine in an attractive English market town. 22. What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center? A. It’s situated near a big island. B. It’s almost surrounded by water. C. It’s known for its flower festival. D. It’s easily accessible from London. 2.（2024新课标I卷阅读理解B篇第25题）Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 3.（2025全国二卷阅读理解C篇第28题）When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. 28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 易错03 无中生有：利用原文词汇编造信息 易错典题 【例3】(2026浙江1月卷阅读理解A篇第23题) Application Package Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept. Artwork or Writing Submission: •Visual Art Submission: Please submit an artwork sketch (草图) of your concept. This can be a work in progress rather than a completed piece. If you are proposing to use a completed artwork, please submit it as your “sketch”. •Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. •Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person. 23. Which of the following meets the application requirements? A. A 150-word poem. B. A 100-word self-introduction. C. A 300-word story. D. A 200-word artwork statement. 避错攻略 【方法总结】盯原文，抠字眼，三对照，定答案。 【干货必记】阅读理解高频错误之错误联想和无中生有 1.错误联想 错误联想，就是在原文中找到部分词句表述，以此为基础进行联想，编写出的短语或句子与原文意思大相径庭。由于正确答案中也会涉及到原文的部分原词表述，学生必须真正读懂文章，才能判断各选项是原文的同义转述还是错误联想。 2.无中生有 无中生有的选项则完全脱离了原文词句，在文中难以找到依据，不过也并非完全“无中生有”，而是基于原文词汇的同义词或同语义场内的词汇进行错误联想。基于这两种手段联想产生的新意，在文章原文的语境中，逻辑是通顺的，只不过与原文意义不符，读者一般无法在不阅读原文的前提下仅仅依靠常识判断正误。 举一反三 1.（2024新课标I卷阅读理解B篇第25题）Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. （错误联想） B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. （错误联想） C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. （无中生有） 2.（2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇第30题）Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. （无中生有） C. They help develop advanced skills. （无中生有） D. They are more informative than text. （无中生有） 3.（2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇第30题）“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. （无中生有） B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. （错误联想） C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. （无中生有） 易错04 答非所问：信息正确但与问题无关 易错典题 【例4】(2025全国二卷阅读理解D篇第33题) For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. 33. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. （答非所问） B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. （答非所问） D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. （答非所问） 【干货必记】应对“答非所问”干扰项的核心措施 1.精准审题：圈画“设问角度+ 核心主体” 审题时必须明确两个关键点：① 题干的提问方向（是“原因”“结果”“特点”还是“观点”）；② 题干的核心主体（是人、物、地点还是事件）。圈画后可快速排除主体或角度不匹配的选项。 2.定位原文：锁定“设问对应的答案范围” 找到题干关键词在原文中的定位句/段，明确答案应围绕该范围展开，排除超出范围或来自其他段落的 “属实但无关” 信息。 3.双向比对：先验“是否回应设问”，再验“是否符合原文” 避免先判断选项是否符合原文，应先判断选项是否回应题干设问。若选项未回答问题，即使表述正确也需排除；若回应设问，再验证其与原文是否一致。 4.聚焦核心：排除“细枝末节+过度解读”选项 正确答案通常对应原文主旨或定位句核心信息，若选项仅涉及原文次要细节、无中生有或过度延伸（如从 “学业表现好”延伸到“更吸引学生”），即使与主题相关，也可能是答非所问干扰项。 【避坑指南】 ①干扰项与细节部分相似，部分相悖（扩缩范围） ②干扰项内容符合常识，但无原文依据（文章未提） ③干扰项与细节相同，但不合题干要求（答非所问） ④干扰项与细节部分相符部分不符（正误并存） ⑤干扰项与原文一致，但把本来A的观点按成B的（张冠李戴） ⑥干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变（偷梁换柱） 举一反三 1.（2025全国二卷阅读理解A篇第21题）English Market Towns to Visit in the UK English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop. Hereford, Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. Ludlow, Shropshire ... Shrewsbury, Shropshire ... Mevagissey, Cornwall ... 21. Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta? A. In the Ludlow Castle. B. In the Foodie Center of England. C. In the Hereford Cathedral. D. In the Black and White House Museum. 2.（2025全国一卷阅读理解B篇第24题）In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. 24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents. C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters. 3.（2025八省联考卷阅读理解C篇第28题）For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. The best judges of how a city should be — and how it should develop — are the local residents themselves. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions. 29. Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development? A. Local residents. B. Government officials. C. City planners. D. Construction workers. 01（25-26高三上·山东·期末）Founded in 2007, Short of the Week, the premier, industry-and-fan-trusted short film platform, is intended to showcase top emerging filmmakers’ works. Here your film appears on the front page, gains thousands of new fans, and connects directly with the world’s largest short film community of producers, programmers and filmmakers. For consideration, the guidelines are as follows: Requirements · Films need to be 40 minutes or less. We prefer films shorter than 10 minutes. · We like premieres (首映). There is no completion date requirement. · We require films to have all necessary rights and releases secured for us to feature them,including music. · We only select films that are free for audiences. What We Look For We look for great stories that brave new territory. We value great characters, interesting new worlds, and stories that surprise us over fancy visual effects, famous actors, or silly one-liners that often feed most online videos. So when screening films, we tend to score them based on three aspects: · Head — Does it break new ground and have us thinking about something in a new way? · Heart — Does it appeal to our emotion? · Hand — Does it exhibit great skill and craftsmanship? What We Avoid We have no hard rules. In general, though, the following are not a good fit for us: · Music videos or abstract films with no or little story · Films driven merely by special effects · Commercials or purely promotional pieces · Travel photography videos Refund Policy As with other festivals, your fee is paid for your film to be considered.Submission doesn’t guarantee acceptance. If your film is not accepted, your submission fee won’t be refunded. 1．What’s the aim of Short of the Week? A．To attract filmmakers. B．To promote good short films. C．To introduce its guidelines. D．To evaluate the quality of films. 2．What’s a must for the submitted film? A．Lasting under 15 minutes. B．Meeting the set entry deadline. C．Featuring distinctive music. D．Being fully licensed for publication. 3．What do the judges care most? A．Fresh, moving plots. B．Renowned actors. C．Fancy, special effects. D．Commercial values. 02（25-26高三上·江苏苏州·期末）Make it: Fashion Looking for something to do on the weekend? Join Make it for hands-on, family-friendly activities, inspired by the Victoria and Albert Museum (V & A)’s collection and exhibitions. This Make it invites your family to explore fashion through printmaking. Led by artist Kim Chin, you can design your own prints for fashion, and take turns using one printing machine to bring your designs to life on fabric. Come along to learn some new skills as a family. Let your child take the lead, but work together as a family to explore designing and creating. No previous experience is necessary and all materials will be provided. Each family will leave with fashion-inspired prints on fabric and new skills in print designs. The 10:30 workshop is recommended for ages 5 — 7, the 13:00 workshop for ages 8 — 10, and the 15:00 workshop for 11 — 13. Each workshop is 90 minutes long. Tickets are £20 minimum for one adult and child pair. You can add extra adult or child tickets to this booking. Please book one £10 ticket for each additional child or each extra adult attending. Children must always be accompanied by an adult. Please note that adults will be able to attend only if they’ve booked a child ticket as well. Please double-check that you can attend an event before booking tickets. We only offer refunds (退款) in exceptional circumstances. If the V & A needs to cancel the event due to an emergency, or for any reason beyond control, we will reschedule your booking for a later date. If rescheduling is not possible, we will issue a full refund. 1．What do we know about Make it? A．It welcomes preschoolers under 5. B．It encourages families to take part. C．It requires a background in fashion. D．It provides various printing machines. 2．How much does a family of a couple with two children need to pay for tickets? A．£20. B．£30. C．£40. D．£50. 3．What happens if the V & A cancels an event due to an emergency? A．A full refund will be given immediately. B．The tickets will be used for exhibitions. C．The booking will be moved to another day. D．A discount for future events will be provided. 03（25-26高三上·河北邢台·期末）For me, being a teacher is not only about introducing students to mathematical facts and techniques, but is also about helping students grow both academically and personally, explore their interests, and develop their talents. To do this, I have to go beyond the conventional definition of a woman teacher as someone who simply demonstrates academic content and evaluates students’ progress. Over my career as a teacher, I’ve learned to listen to suggestions and questions from students in order to improve my own teaching practice. I revised my lecture notes based on a student’s suggestion from years ago. It was during a visit to a school that a Grade 3 student asked me what the world would look like without mathematics. Ever since, whenever I give a talk about the importance of mathematics, this has been the question I always ask the audience. My class is just one piece in the possibly complex mosaic (镶嵌图案) of my students’ lives. Other academic and non-academic interests, family dynamics, health conditions, economic backgrounds, and social status all play a crucial part as well. Recognizing this, I always accept my students as individuals, each with their own distinct learning styles,educational histories, and working habits. This acceptance drives me to actively discover their stories. By listening to them with empathy and patience, whether during open-office hours or even brief chats on public transport, I learn how to enhance my teaching methods and approaches to suit their generation. As educators, we have the privilege of connecting with young people and contributing to the quality of their present and future lives. I aim to find a balance between respecting my students’ personalities, entrusting them with the responsibility to take on the necessary work themselves, and doing all I can to help them achieve their academic and personal goals. 1．Why does the author mention the conventional definition of a teacher in paragraph 1? A．To stress its limitations. B．To demonstrate its accuracy. C．To introduce ordinary students. D．To confirm traditional teaching. 2．What did the author do with the Grade 3 student’s question? A．Add it to the talk. B．Reject it on the spot. C．Exclude it from the lecture notes. D．Offer some suggestions regarding it. 3．What pushes the author to discover her students’ stories? A．The need to test her patience. B．The respect for unique individuality. C．The desire to share them in public transport. D．The interest in exploring political backgrounds. 4．What can we learn from the author’s experiences? A．Still tongues tell great truths. B．Good teachers are students’ ears. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Knowledge comes from questioning. 04（25-26高三上·江苏无锡·期末）The basketball felt awkward in my hands as I watched my teenage opponent effortlessly dribble (运球) past me for the twentieth time. He moved with natural grace, making my attempts seem comical (可笑的). How did I, someone who hadn’t played sports since my middle school, end up being schooled by someone half my age? It all began when I decided to find a new hobby. My original plan was to join a soccer team, but my wife warned, “You may twist your ankle. I’d rather not spend our weekends in hospital.” So I settled on basketball — a sport I’d enjoyed watching but never actually played. My biggest fear starting out wasn’t physical injury, but social embarrassment. For the first few weeks, I stuck to basic athletic wear, hoping to look like someone who did belong in the sport. I also worried about being picked last or laughed at, just like in middle school PE classes. However, everyone at the community court proved incredibly supportive — even when I accidentally passed the ball to the wrong team. This experience drove home a point: my deepest anxiety wasn’t about missing shots, but about feeling unskilled around more experienced players. After months, my performance was still far from perfect. I’d occasionally travel with the ball, and three minutes of full-court running could still leave me breathless. However, any frustration (挫败) was overshadowed when my seven-year-old son joined the youth basketball program. While he’s still learning the rules, he enjoys practicing with his peers. What truly matters to him, and consequently to me, is the joy of us learning together in the same place. Basketball hasn’t transformed me into a skilled player, but there is something valuable: the importance of trying things beyond your experience and natural abilities. You might surprise yourself with what you can learn. Of course, the first lesson should be that if you have your ankle injured, you shouldn’t keep playing. But that whole “challenging yourself” lesson is definitely a close second. 1．What caused the author to choose basketball instead of soccer? A．His urge to find a new hobby. B．His lifelong passion for basketball. C．His wife’s concern about his safety. D．His teenage opponent’s recommendation. 2．What was the true source of the author’s anxiety? A．The feeling of not being good enough. B．The fear of not staying safe and sound. C．The pressure from his son’s high expectations. D．The experience of missing shots in a PE class 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．The author’s basketball skills improved a lot. B．The author’s lack of talent brought him deep regret. C．The author’s goal was to coach his son to be an outstanding player D．The author’s happiness came from learning basketball with his son. 4．What is the most valuable lesson for the author? A．The importance of challenging oneself. B．The value of building friendships. C．The benefit of avoiding injuries. D．The significance of enhancing skills. 05（25-26高三上·山东日照·期末）As a farmer, the land was always at the heart of Andrew Green’s life. But a momentous decision saw him stop using his ground to grow crops, and start using it for the benefit of nature and wildlife. It all started when Andrew dug out a lake to begin the process of creating a 250-acre wetland reserve. Now Kingfishers Bridge Nature Reserve is celebrating its milestone 30th anniversary this year. Over three decades, its pioneering work has seen huge numbers of creatures and plant species flourishing (蓬勃) as never before. It is now home to more than 420 plant species. 215different birds, 740 different moths and many more species. Andrew started farming the land with his brother and concentrated on salad crops, sugar beet and some daffodils. However, the banks of the River Cam are on a major bird migration route. That led him to expand the land he was farming into one of the UK’s first rewilding projects, before “rewilding” was even really a term. “I realized that to make a wetland reserve, it needed plenty of water,” Andrew says. “So, I made a lake, and what followed was animals and birds used it every day.” Key to the development was the arrival of James as manager in 2011. James gradually found the right places on land and water, leading to a wonderful nature reserve which he had an extraordinary ability to manage. They go from a winter with the highest rainfall recorded in decades straight to one of the driest summers on record. That makes it very difficult for animals and habitats that require a nice stable water level and structure to cope with such rapid changes. It means every effort has to be made to manage water for the benefit of the wildlife, and there are currently long-term plans for a big reservoir. Happily, despite all the difficulties, there’s something to be seen year-round at the nature reserve. Along with beautiful birds and other wildlife, Kingfishers Bridge is now home to herds of water buffalo and Konik ponies which have become huge attractions for visitors. 1．What decision did Andrew make? A．Creating a wetland park. B．Reintroducing diverse crop varieties. C．Giving up restoring the farm. D．Returning the farmland to a natural state. 2．Why are the figures mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To reveal the scale of the reserve. B．To showcase the success of the reserve. C．To introduce various species of the reserve. D．To celebrate 30th anniversary of the reserve. 3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Water challenges in the reserve. B．Efforts to manage water. C．Rapid changes in water level. D．Plans to build a big reservoir. 4．What do we know about Andrew? A．He finds the right places for wildlife. B．He has a great ability to purify water. C．He creates a natural habitat for wildlife. D．He works as manager of Kingfishers Bridge. 06（25-26高三上·浙江杭州·期末）When you hear the word “uncertainty”, what emotions arise? Fear, anxiety, excitement, or determination? As humans, we experience conflicting needs: part of us needs to feel safe, secure and to have some routine, and another part of us needs variety and opportunity. Life inevitably brings uncertainty and change — a reality that has been particularly evident in recent years. How does our brain detect uncertainty? Research reveals that noradrenaline (去甲肾上腺素) plays a central role in our response to uncertain events. As a neuromodulator (神经调质), noradrenaline influences whether brain cells receive calming or stimulating signals, thereby regulating our mental state. To investigate the role noradrenaline plays, scientists at MIT conducted an experiment with mice. The animals were trained to push a lever upon hearing a high-frequency noise, receiving a drink of water as a reward. They also learned that activating the lever during a low-frequency noise would result in an unpleasant puff of air. The researchers then introduced uncertainty by including a sound of unclear frequency. The researchers discovered that the locus coeruleus (蓝斑) — a small brainstem area that modulates noradrenaline — was essential in detecting uncertainty. When the outcome wasn’t clear, and the reward was a surprise, the release was much larger. For example, when a mouse received a puff of air instead of the expected reward, the locus coeruleus sent out a large burst of noradrenaline. Over time, the mice became less likely to press the lever when rewards were uncertain. The study concluded that the brain learns to manage varying uncertainty levels, with the locus coeruleus playing a fundamental role. Complementary research at University College London identified two additional neuromodulators involved: acetylcholine (乙酰胆碱) helps us adapt to environmental changes, while dopamine motivates action during uncertain situations. 1．What is the primary function of noradrenaline? A．Enhancing brain sensitivity to stimuli. B．Creating emotional responses to uncertain events. C．Regulating brain signals through chemical release. D．Detecting various frequency sounds from different sources. 2．What can be inferred about mice from the experiment? A．They preferred uncertain rewards to certain ones. B．They avoided risks after unexpected outcomes. C．They could distinguish all frequency differences. D．They gradually learned to ignore the unclear sound. 3．How do neuromodulators work together? A．They coordinate adaptation and action systems. B．They compete to control human emotional states. C．They function independently in separate brain areas. D．They mainly work during laboratory experiments. 4．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Laboratory Experiments with Animal Behavior B．Chemical Responses to Environmental Changes C．Human Emotions in Challenging Situations D．Brain Mechanisms for Handling Uncertainty 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 易错17 阅读理解·细节理解（4大易错点+易错闯关训练） 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 数据推算：没抓住内容逻辑致计算错误 1 易错02 同义转述：同义转述或简化概括错误 4 易错03 无中生有：利用原文词汇编造信息 7 易错04 答非所问：信息正确但与问题无关 9 第二部分 易错点闯关 12 易错01 数据推算：没抓住内容逻辑致计算错误 易错典题 【例1】(2025全国一卷阅读理解A 篇第21题) The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. ... 21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%. 【答案】C 【详解】细节理解题。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% (道路(客运)45.1%)”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4% (道路(货运)29.4%)”可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。故选C项。 【错因分析】本题涉及数据比较复杂，既有文字信息，还有图片信息，部分考生不能做到题干、文本、图片信息三结合，找不到最有效信息road vehicles和图片ROAD(PASSENGER) 45.1%及ROAD(GOODS)29.4%之间逻辑关系造成失误。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 先定位(题干关键词)，再圈画(原文相关词句)，后计算(看逻辑再加减乘除运算)。 【干货必记】数字计算题满分策略 1.题型解读 数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。 2.思维导图 3.解题步骤 原文定位：依据题干关键词，然后寻读原文，同时标记数字、时间、年代等相关信息。 理清关系：数据与原文数据的逻辑关系，并进行加减乘除计算。 特别关注：decade 十年fortnight两周double两倍 couple两个score二十dozen十二off削价，减价discount折扣。 做题留痕：依据题干在原文圈划答题区间；划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率. 错题反思：专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。 举一反三 1.（2026浙江1月卷阅读理解A篇第22题）... Estimated Project Timeline August 2 Call for Artists responses due By August 12 Successful artists selected; enter into a contract with the City of Burlington September 6 Final artwork files due September 23 – October 13 Artwork displayed for duration of Culture Days celebration ... 22. How long will the public art signs be on display? A. Ten days. B. Three weeks. C. One month. D. Two months. 【答案】B 【详解】细节理解题。根据时间表（Estimated Project Timeline）中的最后一行 “September 23–October 13: Artwork displayed for duration of Culture Days celebration”（9月23日至10月13日：作品在文化日庆祝活动期间展出）计算可知，从9月23日到9月30日是8天，10月1日到 10月13 日是13天，总计21天，即三周（Three weeks）。故选 B。 2.（2025浙江1月卷阅读理解A篇第23题）... Interlibrary Loan Fees Library Type Loan Cost Article/Chapter Cost Non-Profit Libraries $15 $10 For-Profit Libraries $20 $12 International Libraries $25 $15 23. How much do you pay for two articles obtained from an international library? A. $15. B. $20. C. $24. D. $30. 【答案】D 【详解】细节理解题。事实细节题。根据题干定位到小标题Interlibrary Loan Fees下第四行International Libraries 可知，从国际图书馆获取一篇文章或章节的费用是$15，那么两篇文章的费用是$15 ×2 = $30，故选D。 3.（2023新课标I卷阅读理解A篇第22题）... Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. Prices Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day (24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00 22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A. €15.75. B. €19.50. C. €22.75. D. €29.50. 【答案】C 【详解】细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。 易错02 同义转述：不熟悉同义转述或简化概括 易错典题 【例2】（2024新课标I卷阅读理解A篇第23题） HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM ... GROUPS ... AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 【答案】B 【详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。故选B项。 【错因分析】不分考生不熟悉选项Work even in bad weather是对原文We’ll be working rain or shine的同义转述造成失误。 避错攻略 【方法总结】让步状语从句并不难，记住“虽然”含义是关键；先看搭配后看语境；对号入座选答案。 【干货必记】阅读理解微技能之同义转述和简化概括 1.同义转述 在阅读理解的题目中，命题人有时会将文中的一个或多个信息点换一种方式表达出来即同义转述。同义转述可能会出现在题干中，也可能出现在选项中，转述的方式也是多种多样的，如通过同义词、反义词、近义词或派生词的形式等。借助“同义转述”，考生可以快速锁定答案。如2024新课标I卷第30题A项中的“hold students' attention”是对原文中“feel more engaging”的同义转述。 2.简化概括 高考阅读理解不仅考查考生提取文本中表层信息(文本中直接陈述的事实与观点)的能力，同时也会考查考生的深层理解能力，要求考生理解散落在文本各处的信息点，并进行归纳整理，得出文章所要表达的含义，因此这些题目的正确选项就是对文中碎片信息的整合与概括。如2024新课标I卷第29题A项中的“treat digital texts lightly"是对原文信息句people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not soserious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print"简化概括。 举一反三 1.（2025全国二卷阅读理解A篇第22题） Shrewsbury, Shropshire Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety. The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. Flowers are everywhere-hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters-just what you imagine in an attractive English market town. 22. What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center? A. It’s situated near a big island. B. It’s almost surrounded by water. C. It’s known for its flower festival. D. It’s easily accessible from London. 【答案】B 【详解】细节理解题。根据Shrewsbury, Shropshire部分中“The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. (塞文河在流经小镇时出现一个明显的转弯，几乎将什鲁斯伯里镇中心变成一座孤岛。这种地形造就了一个绝佳的集市，在这里，人们可以借助这条河流作为运输通道来收发货物)”可知，什鲁斯伯里镇中心几乎被水包围。故选B项。 【易错提醒】答案B. It’s almost surrounded by water.是对原文The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center的同义转述。 2.（2024新课标I卷阅读理解B篇第25题）Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 【答案】C 【详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。 【易错提醒】答案C. He benefited from it as a patient.是对原文Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.的简化概括。 3.（2025全国二卷阅读理解C篇第28题）When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. 28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 【答案】D 【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。 【易错提醒】原文shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone，In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants，Her success is just one example被选项D. It went surprisingly well. 简化概括。 易错03 无中生有：利用原文词汇编造信息 易错典题 【例3】(2026浙江1月卷阅读理解A篇第23题) Application Package Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept. Artwork or Writing Submission: •Visual Art Submission: Please submit an artwork sketch (草图) of your concept. This can be a work in progress rather than a completed piece. If you are proposing to use a completed artwork, please submit it as your “sketch”. •Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. •Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person. 23. Which of the following meets the application requirements? A. A 150-word poem. B. A 100-word self-introduction. C. A 300-word story. D. A 200-word artwork statement. 【答案】A 【详解】细节理解题。根据 “Application Package”部分的要求：“Artwork Statement: maximum 150 words”（艺术说明：最多 150 词）；“Writing Submission: maximum250words”（文字作品：最多 250词）；“Artist Biography: maximum 50 words”（艺术家简介：最多50词）。对比选项：A项“150词的诗歌”属于文字作品，符合不超过250词的要求，正确；B项“100词的简介”超过了50词的要求；C项“300词的故事”超过了250词的要求；D项“200词的艺术说明”超过了150词的要求。故选 A。 【错因分析】这四件事文中都有提交，但是错误选项具体字数都是无中生有。 避错攻略 【方法总结】盯原文，抠字眼，三对照，定答案。 【干货必记】阅读理解高频错误之错误联想和无中生有 1.错误联想 错误联想，就是在原文中找到部分词句表述，以此为基础进行联想，编写出的短语或句子与原文意思大相径庭。由于正确答案中也会涉及到原文的部分原词表述，学生必须真正读懂文章，才能判断各选项是原文的同义转述还是错误联想。 2.无中生有 无中生有的选项则完全脱离了原文词句，在文中难以找到依据，不过也并非完全“无中生有”，而是基于原文词汇的同义词或同语义场内的词汇进行错误联想。基于这两种手段联想产生的新意，在文章原文的语境中，逻辑是通顺的，只不过与原文意义不符，读者一般无法在不阅读原文的前提下仅仅依靠常识判断正误。 举一反三 1.（2024新课标I卷阅读理解B篇第25题）Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. （错误联想） B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. （错误联想） C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. （无中生有） 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。 【易错点波】AB选项分别基于原文中的university和veterinarian进行的错误联想，逻辑无误，不看原文无法判断正误。D选项的pet owner在答案所在段落没有出现，不过在下一段提到了一个宠物主Leigh Tindale的狗心脏病严重，通过针灸延长了寿命。Pet owner算是一个同义转换，基于此错误联想到save money，算无中生有。 2.（2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇第30题）Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. （无中生有） C. They help develop advanced skills. （无中生有） D. They are more informative than text. （无中生有） 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 【易错点拨】B选项“音视频更方便准备”在原文中没有依据，属于按照常识的联想；C选项也根据原文的technologies无中生有，错误联想了“它们帮助开发高级skills”；D选项也是根据原文的“more of the content”无中生有，错误联想到“more informative”。 3.（2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇第30题）“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. （无中生有） B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. （错误联想） C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. （无中生有） 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 【易错点拨】A选项和D选项提到的“数据分析”和“收集设备”在文中都没有提到，属于无中生有；B选项基于文章的take a picture错误联想。 易错04 答非所问：信息正确但与问题无关 易错典题 【例4】(2025全国二卷阅读理解D篇第33题) For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. 33. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. （答非所问） B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. （答非所问） D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. （答非所问） 【答案】B 【详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。 【错因分析】选项A表示“为客户定制菜肴”，选项C表示“测试一个食物加工方法”，选项D表示“提高英国零浪费机制”均原文不一致，属于答非所问。 【干货必记】应对“答非所问”干扰项的核心措施 1.精准审题：圈画“设问角度+ 核心主体” 审题时必须明确两个关键点：① 题干的提问方向（是“原因”“结果”“特点”还是“观点”）；② 题干的核心主体（是人、物、地点还是事件）。圈画后可快速排除主体或角度不匹配的选项。 2.定位原文：锁定“设问对应的答案范围” 找到题干关键词在原文中的定位句/段，明确答案应围绕该范围展开，排除超出范围或来自其他段落的 “属实但无关” 信息。 3.双向比对：先验“是否回应设问”，再验“是否符合原文” 避免先判断选项是否符合原文，应先判断选项是否回应题干设问。若选项未回答问题，即使表述正确也需排除；若回应设问，再验证其与原文是否一致。 4.聚焦核心：排除“细枝末节+过度解读”选项 正确答案通常对应原文主旨或定位句核心信息，若选项仅涉及原文次要细节、无中生有或过度延伸（如从 “学业表现好”延伸到“更吸引学生”），即使与主题相关，也可能是答非所问干扰项。 【避坑指南】 ①干扰项与细节部分相似，部分相悖（扩缩范围） ②干扰项内容符合常识，但无原文依据（文章未提） ③干扰项与细节相同，但不合题干要求（答非所问） ④干扰项与细节部分相符部分不符（正误并存） ⑤干扰项与原文一致，但把本来A的观点按成B的（张冠李戴） ⑥干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变（偷梁换柱） 举一反三 1.（2025全国二卷阅读理解A篇第21题）English Market Towns to Visit in the UK English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop. Hereford, Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. Ludlow, Shropshire ... Shrewsbury, Shropshire ... Mevagissey, Cornwall ... 21. Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta? A. In the Ludlow Castle. B. In the Foodie Center of England. C. In the Hereford Cathedral. D. In the Black and White House Museum. 【答案】C 【详解】 细节理解题。根据Hereford, Herefordshire部分中“The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. (赫里福德大教堂是镇上最令人印象深刻的建筑。它还拥有一座古老的图书馆，《大宪章》的四份原始副本之一便陈列于此)”可知，在赫里福德大教堂可以找到《大宪章》的原始副本。故选C项。 【易错点拨】ABD选项的地点都是在题干关键词所在段或下一段中原词出现，答非所问。 2.（2025全国一卷阅读理解B篇第24题）In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. 24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents. C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters. 【答案】D 【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. (去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——因父母反对她年少的爱情而心碎离世。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。 【易错点拨】这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物，余项答非所问。 3.（2025八省联考卷阅读理解C篇第28题）For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. The best judges of how a city should be — and how it should develop — are the local residents themselves. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions. 29. Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development? A. Local residents. B. Government officials. C. City planners. D. Construction workers. 【答案】A 【详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For Jacobs (对于Jacobs来说)”以及“The best judges of how a city should be — and how it should develop — are the local residents themselves. (一个城市应该如何发展，最好的评判者是当地居民自己。)”可知，Jacobs认为对城市发展做出决定的应该是当地居民。故选A项。 【易错点拨】Jacobs认为对城市发展做出决定的应该是当地居民，余项虽然文中有所提及但答非所问。 01（25-26高三上·山东·期末）Founded in 2007, Short of the Week, the premier, industry-and-fan-trusted short film platform, is intended to showcase top emerging filmmakers’ works. Here your film appears on the front page, gains thousands of new fans, and connects directly with the world’s largest short film community of producers, programmers and filmmakers. For consideration, the guidelines are as follows: Requirements · Films need to be 40 minutes or less. We prefer films shorter than 10 minutes. · We like premieres (首映). There is no completion date requirement. · We require films to have all necessary rights and releases secured for us to feature them,including music. · We only select films that are free for audiences. What We Look For We look for great stories that brave new territory. We value great characters, interesting new worlds, and stories that surprise us over fancy visual effects, famous actors, or silly one-liners that often feed most online videos. So when screening films, we tend to score them based on three aspects: · Head — Does it break new ground and have us thinking about something in a new way? · Heart — Does it appeal to our emotion? · Hand — Does it exhibit great skill and craftsmanship? What We Avoid We have no hard rules. In general, though, the following are not a good fit for us: · Music videos or abstract films with no or little story · Films driven merely by special effects · Commercials or purely promotional pieces · Travel photography videos Refund Policy As with other festivals, your fee is paid for your film to be considered.Submission doesn’t guarantee acceptance. If your film is not accepted, your submission fee won’t be refunded. 1．What’s the aim of Short of the Week? A．To attract filmmakers. B．To promote good short films. C．To introduce its guidelines. D．To evaluate the quality of films. 2．What’s a must for the submitted film? A．Lasting under 15 minutes. B．Meeting the set entry deadline. C．Featuring distinctive music. D．Being fully licensed for publication. 3．What do the judges care most? A．Fresh, moving plots. B．Renowned actors. C．Fancy, special effects. D．Commercial values. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了Short of the Week这一短片平台的相关信息，包括其成立目的、提交影片的要求、评审标准、避免的类型以及退款政策等。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Founded in 2007, Short of the Week, the premier, industry-and-fan-trusted short film platform, is intended to showcase top emerging filmmakers’ works. (Short of the Week成立于2007年，是业界和影迷信赖的首屈一指的短片平台，旨在展示顶级新兴电影人的作品。)”可知，Short of the Week的目的是展示顶级新兴电影人的作品，即推广优秀的短片。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据Requirements部分“We require films to have all necessary rights and releases secured for us to feature them, including music. (我们要求影片必须获得所有必要的权利和许可，以便我们能够展示它们，包括音乐。)”可知，提交的影片必须获得完整的出版许可。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据What We Look For部分“We look for great stories that brave new territory. We value great characters, interesting new worlds, and stories that surprise us over fancy visual effects, famous actors, or silly one-liners that often feed most online videos. (我们寻找勇敢开拓新领域的精彩故事。我们重视伟大的角色、有趣的新世界，以及那些能让我们感到惊讶的故事，而不是华丽的视觉效果、著名的演员，或是那些常常充斥于大多数网络视频中的愚蠢的一句台词。)”以及“So when screening films, we tend to score them based on three aspects: Head — Does it break new ground and have us thinking about something in a new way? Heart — Does it appeal to our emotion? Hand — Does it exhibit great skill and craftsmanship? (所以，在筛选电影时，我们倾向于从三个方面对它们进行评分：头脑——它是否开拓了新的领域，让我们以新的方式思考？心灵——它是否吸引了我们的情感？手艺——它是否展现了高超的技巧和工艺？)”可知，评审最看重的是新颖、动人的情节。故选A项。 02（25-26高三上·江苏苏州·期末）Make it: Fashion Looking for something to do on the weekend? Join Make it for hands-on, family-friendly activities, inspired by the Victoria and Albert Museum (V & A)’s collection and exhibitions. This Make it invites your family to explore fashion through printmaking. Led by artist Kim Chin, you can design your own prints for fashion, and take turns using one printing machine to bring your designs to life on fabric. Come along to learn some new skills as a family. Let your child take the lead, but work together as a family to explore designing and creating. No previous experience is necessary and all materials will be provided. Each family will leave with fashion-inspired prints on fabric and new skills in print designs. The 10:30 workshop is recommended for ages 5 — 7, the 13:00 workshop for ages 8 — 10, and the 15:00 workshop for 11 — 13. Each workshop is 90 minutes long. Tickets are £20 minimum for one adult and child pair. You can add extra adult or child tickets to this booking. Please book one £10 ticket for each additional child or each extra adult attending. Children must always be accompanied by an adult. Please note that adults will be able to attend only if they’ve booked a child ticket as well. Please double-check that you can attend an event before booking tickets. We only offer refunds (退款) in exceptional circumstances. If the V & A needs to cancel the event due to an emergency, or for any reason beyond control, we will reschedule your booking for a later date. If rescheduling is not possible, we will issue a full refund. 1．What do we know about Make it? A．It welcomes preschoolers under 5. B．It encourages families to take part. C．It requires a background in fashion. D．It provides various printing machines. 2．How much does a family of a couple with two children need to pay for tickets? A．£20. B．£30. C．£40. D．£50. 3．What happens if the V & A cancels an event due to an emergency? A．A full refund will be given immediately. B．The tickets will be used for exhibitions. C．The booking will be moved to another day. D．A discount for future events will be provided. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了维多利亚与阿尔伯特博物馆旗下一家工作坊的活动，包括活动主题、形式、费用、年龄分组以及取消政策等。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This Make it invites your family to explore fashion through printmaking. (Make it邀请你的家人通过版画创作来体验时尚。)”和第三段中“Come along to learn some new skills as a family. Let your child take the lead, but work together as a family to explore designing and creating. (全家一起来学习一些新技能吧。让你的孩子带头，但作为一个家庭一起探索设计和创造。)”可知，该工作坊鼓励家庭参与。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Tickets are £20 minimum for one adult and child pair. You can add extra adult or child tickets to this booking. Please book one £10 ticket for each additional child or each extra adult attending. (票价为至少20英镑，适用于一名成人和一名儿童组合。你可以为此预订添加额外的成人或儿童票。请为每增加的一名儿童或每增加的一名成人预订一张10英镑的票。)”可知，一个由一对夫妇和两个孩子组成的家庭需要支付40（=20+10+10）英镑的票款。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If the V & A needs to cancel the event due to an emergency, or for any reason beyond control, we will reschedule your booking for a later date. (如果维多利亚与阿尔伯特博物馆因紧急情况或任何不可控原因需要取消活动，我们将为你的预订重新安排到更晚的日期。)”可知，如果该博物馆因紧急情况取消活动，预订将被改到另一天。故选C项。 03（25-26高三上·河北邢台·期末）For me, being a teacher is not only about introducing students to mathematical facts and techniques, but is also about helping students grow both academically and personally, explore their interests, and develop their talents. To do this, I have to go beyond the conventional definition of a woman teacher as someone who simply demonstrates academic content and evaluates students’ progress. Over my career as a teacher, I’ve learned to listen to suggestions and questions from students in order to improve my own teaching practice. I revised my lecture notes based on a student’s suggestion from years ago. It was during a visit to a school that a Grade 3 student asked me what the world would look like without mathematics. Ever since, whenever I give a talk about the importance of mathematics, this has been the question I always ask the audience. My class is just one piece in the possibly complex mosaic (镶嵌图案) of my students’ lives. Other academic and non-academic interests, family dynamics, health conditions, economic backgrounds, and social status all play a crucial part as well. Recognizing this, I always accept my students as individuals, each with their own distinct learning styles,educational histories, and working habits. This acceptance drives me to actively discover their stories. By listening to them with empathy and patience, whether during open-office hours or even brief chats on public transport, I learn how to enhance my teaching methods and approaches to suit their generation. As educators, we have the privilege of connecting with young people and contributing to the quality of their present and future lives. I aim to find a balance between respecting my students’ personalities, entrusting them with the responsibility to take on the necessary work themselves, and doing all I can to help them achieve their academic and personal goals. 1．Why does the author mention the conventional definition of a teacher in paragraph 1? A．To stress its limitations. B．To demonstrate its accuracy. C．To introduce ordinary students. D．To confirm traditional teaching. 2．What did the author do with the Grade 3 student’s question? A．Add it to the talk. B．Reject it on the spot. C．Exclude it from the lecture notes. D．Offer some suggestions regarding it. 3．What pushes the author to discover her students’ stories? A．The need to test her patience. B．The respect for unique individuality. C．The desire to share them in public transport. D．The interest in exploring political backgrounds. 4．What can we learn from the author’s experiences? A．Still tongues tell great truths. B．Good teachers are students’ ears. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Knowledge comes from questioning. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的教学理念与实践，作者突破教师的传统定义，倾听学生的问题与建议，尊重学生独特个性，力求平衡引导与助力，促进学生学业与个人成长。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“To do this, I have to go beyond the conventional definition of a woman teacher as someone who simply demonstrates academic content and evaluates students’ progress.(要做到这一点，我必须超越女教师的传统定义，即其只是展示学术内容、评估学生进步的人。)”可知，作者提及教师通常被定义为传授知识和评估进度的人，这是为了强调其局限性。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“It was during a visit to a school that a Grade 3 student asked me what the world would look like without mathematics. Ever since, whenever I give a talk about the importance of mathematics, this has been the question I always ask the audience. (在参观一所学校时，一名三年级学生问我，如果没有数学，世界会是什么样子。从那以后，每当我发表关于数学重要性的演讲时，我总是问观众这个问题)”可知，作者将该学生的问题加入了自己的演讲中。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Recognizing this, I always accept my students as individuals, each with their own distinct learning styles, educational histories, and working habits. This acceptance drives me to actively discover their stories. (认识到这一点，我总是接受我的学生作为个体，每个人都有自己独特的学习风格、教育历史和工作习惯。这种接受促使我积极地发现他们的故事)”可知，对学生独特个性的尊重推动作者去了解学生的故事。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者根据学生的建议修订讲义，倾听学生的建议和问题、将学生提出的问题融入讲座，共情且耐心地聆听学生的故事并以此改进教学，这些经历体现出优秀的教师懂得倾听学生，由此，我们可以学到的是“好老师是学生的耳朵”。故选B项。 04（25-26高三上·江苏无锡·期末）The basketball felt awkward in my hands as I watched my teenage opponent effortlessly dribble (运球) past me for the twentieth time. He moved with natural grace, making my attempts seem comical (可笑的). How did I, someone who hadn’t played sports since my middle school, end up being schooled by someone half my age? It all began when I decided to find a new hobby. My original plan was to join a soccer team, but my wife warned, “You may twist your ankle. I’d rather not spend our weekends in hospital.” So I settled on basketball — a sport I’d enjoyed watching but never actually played. My biggest fear starting out wasn’t physical injury, but social embarrassment. For the first few weeks, I stuck to basic athletic wear, hoping to look like someone who did belong in the sport. I also worried about being picked last or laughed at, just like in middle school PE classes. However, everyone at the community court proved incredibly supportive — even when I accidentally passed the ball to the wrong team. This experience drove home a point: my deepest anxiety wasn’t about missing shots, but about feeling unskilled around more experienced players. After months, my performance was still far from perfect. I’d occasionally travel with the ball, and three minutes of full-court running could still leave me breathless. However, any frustration (挫败) was overshadowed when my seven-year-old son joined the youth basketball program. While he’s still learning the rules, he enjoys practicing with his peers. What truly matters to him, and consequently to me, is the joy of us learning together in the same place. Basketball hasn’t transformed me into a skilled player, but there is something valuable: the importance of trying things beyond your experience and natural abilities. You might surprise yourself with what you can learn. Of course, the first lesson should be that if you have your ankle injured, you shouldn’t keep playing. But that whole “challenging yourself” lesson is definitely a close second. 1．What caused the author to choose basketball instead of soccer? A．His urge to find a new hobby. B．His lifelong passion for basketball. C．His wife’s concern about his safety. D．His teenage opponent’s recommendation. 2．What was the true source of the author’s anxiety? A．The feeling of not being good enough. B．The fear of not staying safe and sound. C．The pressure from his son’s high expectations. D．The experience of missing shots in a PE class 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．The author’s basketball skills improved a lot. B．The author’s lack of talent brought him deep regret. C．The author’s goal was to coach his son to be an outstanding player D．The author’s happiness came from learning basketball with his son. 4．What is the most valuable lesson for the author? A．The importance of challenging oneself. B．The value of building friendships. C．The benefit of avoiding injuries. D．The significance of enhancing skills. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者为寻找新爱好开始接触篮球，克服内心的社交焦虑，虽球技未臻完美，却在与儿子共同学习中收获快乐，也领悟到挑战自我的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“My original plan was to join a soccer team, but my wife warned, “You may twist your ankle. I’d rather not spend our weekends in hospital.” So I settled on basketball — a sport I’d enjoyed watching but never actually played. (我最初的计划是加入一支足球队，但妻子警告我说：“你可能会扭到脚踝。我可不想把周末都花在医院里。”于是我选定了篮球——一项我喜欢看但从未实际打过的运动。)”可知，作者选择篮球而非足球是因为妻子担心他的安全。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This experience drove home a point: my deepest anxiety wasn’t about missing shots, but about feeling unskilled around more experienced players.(这段经历让我深刻地认识到一点：我最深的焦虑并非投不进球，而是在更有经验的球员身边觉得自己技艺生疏。)”可知，作者焦虑的真正根源是觉得自己的球技不够好。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“However, any frustration (挫败) was overshadowed when my seven-year-old son joined the youth basketball program. While he’s still learning the rules, he enjoys practicing with his peers. What truly matters to him, and consequently to me, is the joy of us learning together in the same place.(然而，当我七岁的儿子加入青少年篮球项目后，所有的挫败感都变得无关紧要了。虽然他还在学习规则，但他喜欢和同龄人一起练习。对他来说真正重要的，也因此对我来说重要的，是我们在同一个地方一起学习的快乐。)”可知，作者的快乐来自和儿子一起学习篮球。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Basketball hasn’t transformed me into a skilled player, but there is something valuable: the importance of trying things beyond your experience and natural abilities.(篮球并没有把我变成一名技艺高超的球员，但我收获了珍贵的东西：去尝试那些超出自身经验和天赋能力的事情，这一点至关重要。)”以及“But that whole “challenging yourself” lesson is definitely a close second.(但“挑战自我”这一课无疑是紧随其后的重要收获。)”可知，作者学到的最宝贵的道理是挑战自我的重要性。故选A项。 05（25-26高三上·山东日照·期末）As a farmer, the land was always at the heart of Andrew Green’s life. But a momentous decision saw him stop using his ground to grow crops, and start using it for the benefit of nature and wildlife. It all started when Andrew dug out a lake to begin the process of creating a 250-acre wetland reserve. Now Kingfishers Bridge Nature Reserve is celebrating its milestone 30th anniversary this year. Over three decades, its pioneering work has seen huge numbers of creatures and plant species flourishing (蓬勃) as never before. It is now home to more than 420 plant species. 215different birds, 740 different moths and many more species. Andrew started farming the land with his brother and concentrated on salad crops, sugar beet and some daffodils. However, the banks of the River Cam are on a major bird migration route. That led him to expand the land he was farming into one of the UK’s first rewilding projects, before “rewilding” was even really a term. “I realized that to make a wetland reserve, it needed plenty of water,” Andrew says. “So, I made a lake, and what followed was animals and birds used it every day.” Key to the development was the arrival of James as manager in 2011. James gradually found the right places on land and water, leading to a wonderful nature reserve which he had an extraordinary ability to manage. They go from a winter with the highest rainfall recorded in decades straight to one of the driest summers on record. That makes it very difficult for animals and habitats that require a nice stable water level and structure to cope with such rapid changes. It means every effort has to be made to manage water for the benefit of the wildlife, and there are currently long-term plans for a big reservoir. Happily, despite all the difficulties, there’s something to be seen year-round at the nature reserve. Along with beautiful birds and other wildlife, Kingfishers Bridge is now home to herds of water buffalo and Konik ponies which have become huge attractions for visitors. 1．What decision did Andrew make? A．Creating a wetland park. B．Reintroducing diverse crop varieties. C．Giving up restoring the farm. D．Returning the farmland to a natural state. 2．Why are the figures mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To reveal the scale of the reserve. B．To showcase the success of the reserve. C．To introduce various species of the reserve. D．To celebrate 30th anniversary of the reserve. 3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Water challenges in the reserve. B．Efforts to manage water. C．Rapid changes in water level. D．Plans to build a big reservoir. 4．What do we know about Andrew? A．He finds the right places for wildlife. B．He has a great ability to purify water. C．He creates a natural habitat for wildlife. D．He works as manager of Kingfishers Bridge. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了 Andrew Green放弃传统农耕，将250英亩土地改造为湿地保护区。经过30年发展，通过科学管理应对气候挑战，打造了成功的生态修复典范。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But a momentous decision saw him stop using his ground to grow crops, and start using it for the benefit of nature and wildlife. It all started when Andrew dug out a lake to begin the process of creating a 250-acre wetland reserve.(但一次重大的决定让他停止在自己的土地上种植作物，转而将其用于保护自然和野生动物的需要。这一切始于安德鲁挖出一个湖泊，开始着手创建一个占地250英亩的湿地保护区)”可知，Andrew Green将农田恢复到自然状态以保护自然和野生动植物。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Over three decades, its pioneering work has seen huge numbers of creatures and plant species flourishing (蓬勃) as never before. It is now home to more than 420 plant species. 215different birds, 740 different moths and many more species.(在过去的三十多年里，其开创性的工作使得大量的生物和植物物种前所未有的蓬勃发展。这里如今是 420 多种植物、215 种不同鸟类、740 种不同蛾类以及更多物种的家园。)”可知，第二段中提到这些数字是为了说明Andrew创立的自然保护区的成功。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“They go from a winter with the highest rainfall recorded in decades straight to one of the driest summers on record. That makes it very difficult for animals and habitats that require a nice stable water level and structure to cope with such rapid changes. It means every effort has to be made to manage water for the benefit of the wildlife, and there are currently long-term plans for a big reservoir.(他们从一个降雨量创下数十年来最高纪录的冬季，直接过渡到了有记录以来最干旱的夏季。这使得那些需要稳定水位和结构的动物和栖息地很难适应这种急剧的变化。这意味着必须竭尽全力管理水资源，以造福野生动物，目前还制定了建设大型水库的长期计划)”可知，本段主要讲述保护区内的水资源问题。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Happily, despite all the difficulties, there’s something to be seen year-round at the nature reserve. Along with beautiful birds and other wildlife, Kingfishers Bridge is now home to herds of water buffalo and Konik ponies which have become huge attractions for visitors.(令人欣慰的是，尽管面临种种困难，这个自然保护区全年仍有不少可观赏的景致。除了美丽的鸟类和各种野生动物外，翠鸟桥自然保护区如今还成为了成群水牛和康尼克马的栖息地，这些动物已成为吸引游客的一大亮点)”可知，Andrew创建了自然保护区，成功的保护了野生动植物。故选C。 06（25-26高三上·浙江杭州·期末）When you hear the word “uncertainty”, what emotions arise? Fear, anxiety, excitement, or determination? As humans, we experience conflicting needs: part of us needs to feel safe, secure and to have some routine, and another part of us needs variety and opportunity. Life inevitably brings uncertainty and change — a reality that has been particularly evident in recent years. How does our brain detect uncertainty? Research reveals that noradrenaline (去甲肾上腺素) plays a central role in our response to uncertain events. As a neuromodulator (神经调质), noradrenaline influences whether brain cells receive calming or stimulating signals, thereby regulating our mental state. To investigate the role noradrenaline plays, scientists at MIT conducted an experiment with mice. The animals were trained to push a lever upon hearing a high-frequency noise, receiving a drink of water as a reward. They also learned that activating the lever during a low-frequency noise would result in an unpleasant puff of air. The researchers then introduced uncertainty by including a sound of unclear frequency. The researchers discovered that the locus coeruleus (蓝斑) — a small brainstem area that modulates noradrenaline — was essential in detecting uncertainty. When the outcome wasn’t clear, and the reward was a surprise, the release was much larger. For example, when a mouse received a puff of air instead of the expected reward, the locus coeruleus sent out a large burst of noradrenaline. Over time, the mice became less likely to press the lever when rewards were uncertain. The study concluded that the brain learns to manage varying uncertainty levels, with the locus coeruleus playing a fundamental role. Complementary research at University College London identified two additional neuromodulators involved: acetylcholine (乙酰胆碱) helps us adapt to environmental changes, while dopamine motivates action during uncertain situations. 1．What is the primary function of noradrenaline? A．Enhancing brain sensitivity to stimuli. B．Creating emotional responses to uncertain events. C．Regulating brain signals through chemical release. D．Detecting various frequency sounds from different sources. 2．What can be inferred about mice from the experiment? A．They preferred uncertain rewards to certain ones. B．They avoided risks after unexpected outcomes. C．They could distinguish all frequency differences. D．They gradually learned to ignore the unclear sound. 3．How do neuromodulators work together? A．They coordinate adaptation and action systems. B．They compete to control human emotional states. C．They function independently in separate brain areas. D．They mainly work during laboratory experiments. 4．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Laboratory Experiments with Animal Behavior B．Chemical Responses to Environmental Changes C．Human Emotions in Challenging Situations D．Brain Mechanisms for Handling Uncertainty 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍不确定性会引发复杂情绪，麻省理工等机构通过小鼠实验，揭示去甲肾上腺素等神经调质与脑区，共同调控大脑应对不确定性的机制。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“As a neuromodulator (神经调质), noradrenaline influences whether brain cells receive calming or stimulating signals, thereby regulating our mental state.(作为一种神经调质，去甲肾上腺素能够影响脑细胞接收的是镇静信号还是刺激信号，从而调节我们的精神状态)”可知，去甲肾上腺素的主要功能是通过化学释放来调节大脑信号。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over time, the mice became less likely to press the lever when rewards were uncertain.(随着时间的推移，当奖励情况不确定时，这些老鼠就越不愿意去按压杠杆了)”可知，老鼠在出现意外结果后会避免风险。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Complementary research at University College London identified two additional neuromodulators involved: acetylcholine (乙酰胆碱) helps us adapt to environmental changes, while dopamine motivates action during uncertain situations.(伦敦大学学院的补充性研究发现了另外两种参与其中的神经调节物质：乙酰胆碱有助于我们适应环境变化，而多巴胺则能在不确定的情况下激发行动)”可知，神经调节剂通过协调适应和行动系统协同工作。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“How does our brain detect uncertainty? Research reveals that noradrenaline (去甲肾上腺素) plays a central role in our response to uncertain events. As a neuromodulator (神经调质), noradrenaline influences whether brain cells receive calming or stimulating signals, thereby regulating our mental state.(我们的大脑是如何察觉不确定性的呢？研究表明，去甲肾上腺素在我们对不确定事件的反应中起着核心作用。作为一种神经调质，去甲肾上腺素能够影响脑细胞接收的是镇静信号还是刺激信号，从而调节我们的精神状态)”可知，文章介绍了不确定性会引发复杂情绪，麻省理工等机构通过小鼠实验，揭示去甲肾上腺素等神经调质与脑区，共同调控大脑应对不确定性的机制。由此可知，D选项“处理不确定性的大脑机制”最符合文章标题。故选D。 20 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $