Unit 4 Friends Forever 单词讲义-2025-2026学年高一上学期英语外研版必修第一册

2026-02-11
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语外研版必修第一册
年级 高一
章节 Unit 4 Friends Forever
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
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发布时间 2026-02-11
更新时间 2026-02-11
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审核时间 2026-02-11
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外研社高一必修一Unit 4 单词表 教师备课材料 1. forever /fəˈrevə/ 词性: adv. 词义: 永远 近义词: always, eternally, for good 反义词: never, temporarily 常见搭配: live forever (永生), forever and ever (永远永远), a promise of forever (永恒的承诺) 例句: I will cherish the memories of our trip forever. 我会永远珍藏我们旅行的回忆。 词性转换练习: 1. Their love story felt like it lasted an ______ (forever). (名词,表示“永恒”) 2. He promised to be faithful ______ (forever). (副词,修饰动词) 答案与解析: 1. eternity。解析:不定冠词“an”后需要接名词。“forever”作为副词,其对应的名词形式通常是“eternity”,意为“永恒”。 2. forever。解析:此处需要副词来修饰动词“be”,表示时间状态。 2. familiar /fəˈmɪliə/ 词性: adj. 词义: 熟悉的 近义词: well-known, recognized, acquainted 反义词: unfamiliar, strange, unknown 词性转换: familiarity (n. 熟悉), familiarize (v. 使熟悉) 常见搭配: be familiar with (熟悉…), a familiar face (熟悉的面孔), look/sound familiar (看起来/听起来熟悉) 例句: The melody sounds familiar; I think I’ve heard it somewhere before. 这个旋律听起来很熟悉,我想我以前在哪里听过。 词性转换练习: 1. His ______ (familiar) with the local dialect made communication much easier. (名词) 2. New employees will attend a session to ______ (familiar) themselves with company policies. (动词) 答案与解析: 1. familiarity。解析:物主代词“His”后通常接名词。 2. familiarize。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形,构成“familiarize oneself with”的固定搭配。 3. adventure /ədˈventʃə/ 词性: n. 词义: 冒险(经历),奇遇 近义词: exploit, venture, escapade 词性转换: adventurous (adj. 爱冒险的), adventurer (n. 冒险家) 常见搭配: sense of adventure (冒险精神), go on an adventure (去冒险), a spirit of adventure (冒险精神) 例句: Reading about his adventures in the Antarctic was both thrilling and inspiring. 阅读他在南极的冒险经历既令人兴奋又鼓舞人心。 词性转换练习: 1. She has always had an ______ (adventure) spirit, eager to explore the unknown. (形容词) 2. The book tells the tale of a famous 19th-century ______ (adventure). (名词,指人) 答案与解析: 1. adventurous。解析:此处需要形容词来修饰名词“spirit”。 2. adventurer。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数,指人。 4. prefer /prɪˈfɜː/ 词性: v. 词义: 更喜欢 近义词: favor, like better, opt for 反义词: dislike, reject 词性转换: preference (n. 偏爱,偏好), preferable (adj. 更可取的) 常见搭配: prefer A to B (喜欢A胜过B), prefer to do sth. (宁愿做某事), would prefer (更愿意) 例句: I prefer walking to work rather than taking the bus. 比起坐公交车,我更喜欢步行上班。 词性转换练习: 1. Do you have any ______ (prefer) regarding the color of your new car? (名词) 2. For this delicate task, a gentle touch is ______ (prefer) to brute force. (形容词) 答案与解析: 1. preference。解析:动词“have”后接名词作宾语。 2. preferable。解析:此处需要形容词作表语,构成“be preferable to”结构,意为“比…更可取”。 5. click /klɪk/ 词性: v./n. 词义: v. 点击(鼠标);发出咔嗒声; n. 咔嗒声;点击 近义词: press, tap (v.) 常见搭配: click on (点击…), double-click (双击), with a click (随着咔嗒一声) 例句: Click the ‘Submit’ button when you have finished the form. 填完表格后,点击“提交”按钮。 词性转换练习: 1. With a single ______ (click) of the mouse, the document was saved. (名词) 2. Please ______ (click) the link in the email to confirm your registration. (动词,祈使句) 答案与解析: 1. click。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数。 2. click。解析:祈使句需要使用动词原形。 6. lose track of 词组: lose track of 词义: 不了解……的情况,不了解……的动态;忘记 近义词: lose sight of, forget about 反义词: keep track of (记录;了解…的动态) 常见搭配: lose track of time (忘了时间), lose track of someone (失去某人的消息) 例句: I was so absorbed in the book that I completely lost track of time. 我完全沉浸在书里,忘了时间。 词性转换练习: 1. It’s easy to ______ (lose track of) how much you’re spending when you use a credit card. (动词短语) 2. Good project management software helps you ______ (keep track of) all your tasks and deadlines. (反义短语) 答案与解析: 1. lose track of。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。 2. keep track of。解析:动词“helps”后接宾语“you”和不带“to”的不定式,此处考察其反义短语的用法。 7. deliver /dɪˈlɪvə/ 词性: v. 词义: 递送,传送;发表(演讲);履行(诺言);接生 近义词: transport, carry; give; fulfill 词性转换: delivery (n. 递送;分娩;演讲方式), deliverer (n. 递送者) 常见搭配: deliver a speech/parcel (发表演讲/递送包裹), deliver on a promise (履行诺言) 例句: The courier company promises to deliver packages within 24 hours. 这家快递公司承诺在24小时内递送包裹。 词性转换练习: 1. We offer free ______ (deliver) for all online orders. (名词) 2. The Prime Minister will ______ (deliver) an important address to the nation tonight. (动词) 答案与解析: 1. delivery。解析:此处需要不可数名词,表示“递送服务”。 2. deliver。解析:情态动词“will”后接动词原形。 8. thanks to 词组: thanks to 词义: 归功于……,多亏…… 近义词: because of, due to, owing to 反义词: despite, in spite of 例句: Thanks to the timely rescue, all the hikers were brought to safety. 多亏了及时的营救,所有徒步者都安全了。 词性转换练习: 1. ______ (thanks to) the generous donation, the library was able to buy new books. (介词短语) 2. The team’s victory was ______ (thanks) to their excellent teamwork and perseverance. (名词,固定搭配) 答案与解析: 1. Thanks to。解析:此处需要介词短语置于句首作原因状语。 2. thanks。解析:此处是“was thanks to”固定搭配,意为“归功于”。 9. advance /ədˈvɑːns/ 词性: n./v. 词义: n. 进步,进展;预付款; v. 前进;提前;预付 近义词: progress, improvement (n.); move forward, proceed (v.) 反义词: retreat, setback (n.); retreat (v.) 词性转换: advanced (adj. 先进的;高级的), advancement (n. 促进,推动) 常见搭配: in advance (提前), make advances (取得进展), advanced technology (先进技术) 例句: There has been a significant advance in the treatment of this disease. 这种疾病的治疗取得了重大进展。 词性转换练习: 1. This course covers ______ (advance) topics in molecular biology. (形容词) 2. To secure the booking, a deposit must be paid in ______ (advance). (名词) 答案与解析: 1. advanced。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“topics”。 2. advance。解析:固定搭配“in advance”。 10. significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ 词性: adv. 词义: 重大地,显著地 近义词: considerably, markedly, substantially 反义词: slightly, insignificantly 词性转换: significant (adj. 重要的,显著的), significance (n. 重要性) 常见搭配: increase/improve significantly (显著增加/改善) 例句: The new tax policy has significantly affected small businesses. 新的税收政策显著地影响了小企业。 词性转换练习: 1. There is a ______ (significantly) difference between the two samples. (形容词) 2. The discovery of penicillin was of great ______ (significantly) to medicine. (名词) 答案与解析: 1. significant。解析:不定冠词“a”后需要形容词修饰名词“difference”。 2. significance。解析:介词“of”后接名词,构成“of great significance”短语。 11. social media /ˈsəʊʃl ˈmiːdiə/ 词组: social media 词义: 社交媒体 常见搭配: on social media (在社交媒体上), social media platform (社交媒体平台) 例句: Social media allows people to connect with friends and family across the globe. 社交媒体让人们能够与全球的亲友联系。 词性转换练习: 1. ______ (social media) has become a powerful tool for marketing and communication. (名词短语作主语) 2. She manages the company’s presence on several ______ (social media). (名词短语,指具体平台) 答案与解析: 1. Social media。解析:作为整体概念,常与单数动词连用。 2. social media platforms。解析:此处指具体的多个平台,需用复数。 12. maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ 词性: v. 词义: 保持,维持;维修,保养;坚持(主张) 近义词: keep, preserve; service; insist 反义词: neglect, abandon; deny 词性转换: maintenance (n. 维护;保养) 常见搭配: maintain a relationship (维持关系), maintain one’s health (保持健康), maintain that... (坚持认为…) 例句: It is important to maintain a healthy work-life balance. 保持健康的工作与生活平衡很重要。 词性转换练习: 1. Regular ______ (maintain) of the equipment will extend its lifespan. (名词) 2. Throughout the trial, the defendant ______ (maintain) his innocence. (动词) 答案与解析: 1. maintenance。解析:形容词“Regular”后接名词。 2. maintained。解析:此处需要动词的过去式。 13. wi-fi /ˈwaɪ faɪ/ 词性: n. 词义: 无线网络,无线上网 近义词: wireless network 常见搭配: free wi-fi (免费无线网络), connect to wi-fi (连接无线网络), wi-fi signal (无线信号) 例句: Most cafes and restaurants now offer free wi-fi to customers. 现在大多数咖啡馆和餐馆都为顾客提供免费无线网络。 词性转换练习: 1. The hotel boasts high-speed ______ (wi-fi) in all guest rooms. (名词) 2. I’m having trouble getting a stable ______ (wi-fi) connection here. (名词作定语) 答案与解析: 1. wi-fi。解析:此处需要不可数名词。 2. wi-fi。解析:名词作定语,修饰“connection”。 14. digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ 词性: adj. 词义: 数字的,数码的 近义词: electronic, computerized 反义词: analog, manual 词性转换: digitize (v. 数字化), digit (n. 数字) 常见搭配: digital camera/age/technology (数码相机/数字时代/数字技术) 例句: We live in a digital age where information is readily available. 我们生活在一个信息唾手可得的数字时代。 词性转换练习: 1. The museum is undertaking a project to ______ (digital) its entire art collection. (动词) 2. The password must contain at least one ______ (digital). (名词,指0-9的数字) 答案与解析: 1. digitize。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。 2. digit。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数。 15. enable /ɪˈneɪbl/ 词性: v. 词义: 使可能,使发生;使能够 近义词: allow, permit, make possible 反义词: prevent, disable, hinder 词性转换: enablement (n. 赋能,使能) 常见搭配: enable sb. to do sth. (使某人能够做某事) 例句: The scholarship enabled her to pursue her studies abroad. 奖学金使她能够出国深造。 词性转换练习: 1. This new feature ______ (enable) faster data transfer between devices. (动词) 2. The program focuses on the economic ______ (enable) of women in rural areas. (名词) 答案与解析: 1. enables。解析:主语“feature”是第三人称单数,动词需用一般现在时单数形式。 2. enablement。解析:定冠词“the”和形容词“economic”后接名词。 16. unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/ 词性: adj. 词义: 异常的,不平常的;独特的 近义词: uncommon, rare, extraordinary 反义词: usual, common, ordinary 词性转换: unusually (adv. 异常地) 常见搭配: It is unusual for sb. to do sth. (某人做某事是不寻常的) 例句: It’s quite unusual to have such warm weather in November here. 这里十一月有这么暖和的天气相当不寻常。 词性转换练习: 1. The test results were ______ (unusual) high, which required further investigation. (副词) 2. The ______ (unusual) of the artifact made it extremely valuable to collectors. (名词,独特性) 答案与解析: 1. unusually。解析:此处需要副词修饰形容词“high”。 2. unusualness。解析:定冠词“The”后接名词。 17. site /saɪt/ 词性: n./v. 词义: n. 网站;地点,场所; v. 使坐落在,为…选址 近义词: website, location, place (n.) 词性转换: (通常无词性转换) 常见搭配: construction site (建筑工地), on site (在现场), web site (网站) 例句: You can find more details on our official site. 您可以在我们的官方网站上找到更多详情。 词性转换练习: 1. The new airport is ______ (site) 30 kilometers south of the city. (动词,被动语态) 2. Archaeologists discovered the ______ (site) of an ancient temple. (名词) 答案与解析: 1. sited。解析:此处为被动语态,动词需用过去分词。 2. site。解析:此处需要可数名词单数。 18. tend /tend/ 词性: v. 词义: 易于做某事,往往会发生某事;照料,照顾 近义词: be inclined to, be likely to; care for, look after 词性转换: tendency (n. 倾向,趋势) 常见搭配: tend to do sth. (倾向于做某事), tend the garden (打理花园) 例句: People tend to make more mistakes when they are tired. 人们疲劳时往往会犯更多错误。 词性转换练习: 1. He has a ______ (tend) to interrupt people when they are speaking. (名词) 2. She ______ (tend) to her grandmother who is recovering from surgery. (动词) 答案与解析: 1. tendency。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数。 2. tends。解析:主语是第三人称单数“She”,动词需用一般现在时单数形式。 19. update /ʌpˈdeɪt/ 词性: n./v. 词义: n. 最新消息;更新; v. 更新;为…提供最新信息 近义词: news, information (n.); modernize, inform (v.) 词性转换: updated (adj. 更新的) 常见搭配: software update (软件更新), keep sb. updated (让某人了解最新情况) 例句: I’ll give you an update on the project’s progress tomorrow. 我明天会给你一个项目进展的最新情况。 词性转换练习: 1. Make sure your operating system is fully ______ (update) to protect against viruses. (形容词) 2. The app automatically ______ (update) its content every morning. (动词) 答案与解析: 1. up-to-date / updated。解析:此处需要形容词作表语,两者皆可。 2. updates。解析:主语“app”是第三人称单数,动词需用一般现在时单数形式。 20. saying /ˈseɪɪŋ/ 词性: n. 词义: 格言,谚语,警句 近义词: proverb, adage, maxim 词性转换: say (v. 说) 常见搭配: as the saying goes (正如俗话所说) 例句: The old saying “Actions speak louder than words” is still very true today. “行动胜于言辞”这句古老的谚语在今天依然非常正确。 词性转换练习: 1. He didn’t ______ (saying) anything about his plans for the weekend. (动词) 2. “Where there’s a will, there’s a way” is an encouraging ______ (saying). (名词) 答案与解析: 1. say。解析:助动词“didn’t”后接动词原形。 2. saying。解析:不定冠词“an”后接可数名词单数。 21. criminal /ˈkrɪmɪnl/ 词性: n./adj. 词义: n. 罪犯; adj. 犯罪的,刑事的 近义词: offender, lawbreaker (n.); illegal, unlawful (adj.) 反义词: law-abiding citizen (n.); legal (adj.) 词性转换: crime (n. 罪行), criminality (n. 犯罪性) 常见搭配: criminal law (刑法), criminal record (犯罪记录), criminal activity (犯罪活动) 例句: The criminal was sentenced to ten years in prison for robbery. 那名罪犯因抢劫被判处十年监禁。 词性转换练习: 1. The government is taking measures to reduce the ______ (criminal) rate in the city. (名词,犯罪活动) 2. Driving under the influence of alcohol is a serious ______ (criminal). (名词,具体罪行) 答案与解析: 1. crime。解析:此处需要名词作定语,修饰“rate”,表示“犯罪率”。“Criminality”更抽象,指犯罪性质或状态,此处用“crime”更常见。 2. crime。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数,指具体的“酒驾罪”。 22. throw the baby out with the bathwater 词组: throw the baby out with the bathwater 词义: 不分良莠一起抛弃;因噎废食 近义词: reject the good along with the bad 反义词: (无直接反义) 词性转换: (通常作为固定习语,无词性转换) 常见搭配: (常用于建议不要做此类事) 例句: We should reform the education system, but we must be careful not to throw the baby out with the bathwater and discard valuable traditional teaching methods. 我们应该改革教育体系,但必须小心,不要把精华连同糟粕一起丢掉,抛弃宝贵的传统教学方法。 词性转换练习: 1. Abandoning all regulations because a few are problematic is a classic case of ______ (throw the baby out with the bathwater). (动名词短语作表语) 2. In our eagerness for change, we should avoid ______ (throw) the baby out with the bathwater. (动词的-ing形式作宾语) 答案与解析: 1. throwing the baby out with the bathwater。解析:介词“of”后需接名词性成分,此处用动名词短语。 2. throwing。解析:动词“avoid”后需接动名词作宾语。 23. acquire /əˈkwaɪə/ 词性: v. 词义: 获得,得到(尤指通过努力) 近义词: obtain, gain, attain 反义词: lose, forfeit 词性转换: acquisition (n. 获得;收购), acquisitive (adj. 渴望获得的) 常见搭配: acquire knowledge/skills (获得知识/技能), an acquired taste (后天养成的嗜好) 例句: It takes years of practice to acquire fluency in a foreign language. 要掌握一门外语的流利运用需要多年的练习。 词性转换练习: 1. The company announced the ______ (acquire) of a smaller competitor. (名词,收购) 2. He has an ______ (acquire) mind, always seeking new information. (形容词,渴求获得的) 答案与解析: 1. acquisition。解析:定冠词“the”后接名词。 2. acquisitive。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“mind”。 24. goods /ɡʊdz/ 词性: n. (pl.) 词义: 商品,货物 近义词: products, merchandise, commodities 词性转换: good (adj. 好的; n. 好处 - 单数) 常见搭配: consumer goods (消费品), deliver goods (送货), stolen goods (赃物) 例句: The supermarket sells a wide range of household goods. 这家超市出售各种各样的家用商品。 词性转换练习: 1. Regular exercise does a lot of ______ (goods) for both physical and mental health. (名词,好处) 2. The ship was loaded with various ______ (goods) for export. (名词,货物) 答案与解析: 1. good。解析:此处“good”作不可数名词,意为“好处,益处”。 2. goods。解析:此处需要名词复数形式,指“各种货物”。 25. prove /pruːv/ 词性: v. 词义: 证明,证实;结果是,原来是 近义词: demonstrate, confirm; turn out to be 反义词: disprove 词性转换: proof (n. 证据), proven (adj. 被证明的) 常见搭配: prove one’s point (证明某人的观点), prove to be (证明是) 例句: The experiment proved his theory to be correct. 实验证明他的理论是正确的。 词性转换练习: 1. Do you have any concrete ______ (prove) to support your accusation? (名词,证据) 2. The new secretary ______ (prove) to be very efficient and reliable. (动词,结果证明是) 答案与解析: 1. proof。解析:此处需要不可数名词。 2. proved。解析:此处叙述过去事实,需用一般过去时。 26. illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ 词性: v. 词义: (举例) 说明,阐明;给…加插图 近义词: explain, demonstrate; depict 词性转换: illustration (n. 插图;例证), illustrative (adj. 说明的) 常见搭配: illustrate with examples (用例子说明), illustrate a book (为书配插图) 例句: The teacher used a simple chart to illustrate how the ecosystem works. 老师用一个简单的图表来说明生态系统是如何运作的。 词性转换练习: 1. The children’s book is full of colorful ______ (illustrate). (名词,插图) 2. This case is ______ (illustrate) of the challenges faced by small businesses. (形容词,说明性的) 答案与解析: 1. illustrations。解析:此处需要可数名词复数。 2. illustrative。解析:此处是“be illustrative of”固定搭配,意为“说明了…”。 27. diagram /ˈdaɪəɡræm/ 词性: n. 词义: 图解,示意图 近义词: chart, graph, schematic 词性转换: diagrammatic (adj. 图表的) 常见搭配: draw a diagram (画示意图), flow diagram (流程图), wiring diagram (接线图) 例句: Please refer to Diagram 2 on page 15 for a visual explanation. 请参考第15页的图2以获取视觉解释。 词性转换练习: 1. The manual provides a ______ (diagram) representation of the assembly process. (形容词,图表的) 2. He used a simple ______ (diagram) to clarify his complex idea. (名词,示意图) 答案与解析: 1. diagrammatic。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“representation”。 2. diagram。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数。 28. inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ 词性: adj. 词义: 鼓舞人心的,启发灵感的 近义词: uplifting, motivating, encouraging 反义词: discouraging, uninspiring 词性转换: inspire (v. 鼓舞;启发), inspiration (n. 灵感;鼓舞人心的人/事) 常见搭配: an inspiring speech/teacher (鼓舞人心的演讲/老师) 例句: His journey from poverty to success is truly inspiring. 他从贫困到成功的历程 truly 鼓舞人心。 词性转换练习: 1. The natural beauty of the place was a great source of ______ (inspiring) for the poet. (名词,灵感) 2. Her dedication to charity work ______ (inspiring) many young people to volunteer. (动词,鼓舞) 答案与解析: 1. inspiration。解析:此处需要名词。 2. inspired。解析:此处需要动词的过去式。 29. teenager /ˈtiːneɪdʒə/ 词性: n. 词义: 青少年,十几岁的孩子 (13 到 19 岁之间的孩子) 近义词: adolescent, youth 词性转换: teenage (adj. 青少年的), teen (n. 青少年 - 非正式) 常见搭配: a troubled teenager (问题青少年), teenage years (青少年时期) 例句: Teenagers often face pressure from school, peers, and social media. 青少年常常面临来自学校、同龄人和社交媒体的压力。 词性转换练习: 1. The film explores the challenges of ______ (teenager) life. (形容词,青少年的) 2. When he was in his ______ (teenager), he was very rebellious. (名词,青少年时期) 答案与解析: 1. teenage。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“life”。 2. teens。解析:固定搭配“in one‘s teens”,意为“在某人十几岁时”。 30. pour /pɔː/ 词性: v. 词义: 灌,注,倒;倾泻,涌流;(雨)倾盆而下 近义词: stream, flow; rain heavily 词性转换: pouring (adj. 倾盆的) 常见搭配: pour into (涌入), pour out one’s heart (倾诉心声), pour cold water on (泼冷水) 例句: She poured the milk carefully into the glass to avoid spilling. 她小心地将牛奶倒进玻璃杯,以免溅出。 词性转换练习: 1. We had to cancel the picnic because it was ______ (pour) with rain. (形容词,下大雨的) 2. Please ______ (pour) the guests some more tea. (动词,倒) 答案与解析: 1. pouring。解析:此处是“it was pouring (with rain)”的固定表达,意为“下着倾盆大雨”。 2. pour。解析:祈使句用动词原形。 31. pot /pɒt/ 词性: n. 词义: 锅;壶;罐;花盆 近义词: pan, kettle, jar 词性转换: potful (n. 一锅/壶的量) 常见搭配: coffee pot (咖啡壶), flower pot (花盆), a pot of soup (一锅汤) 例句: She planted some herbs in a small clay pot on the windowsill. 她在窗台的一个小陶土花盆里种了些香草。 词性转换练习: 1. She made a large ______ (pot) of stew for the whole family. (量词,一锅的) 2. Don’t touch the ______ (pot) on the stove; it’s very hot. (名词,锅) 答案与解析: 1. pot。解析:此处是“a pot of”结构,表示数量。 2. pot。解析:定冠词“the”后接可数名词单数。 32. gram /ɡræm/ 词性: n. 词义: 克(重量单位) 词性转换: kilogram (n. 千克) 常见搭配: 500 grams of sugar (500克糖), gram molecule (克分子) 例句: This recipe calls for 250 grams of butter. 这个食谱需要250克黄油。 词性转换练习: 1. The parcel weighs less than two ______ (kilogram). (名词,千克) 2. Add 15 ______ (gram) of salt to the mixture. (名词,克) 答案与解析: 1. kilograms。解析:此处需要可数名词复数。 2. grams。解析:此处需要可数名词复数。 33. pack /pæk/ 词性: n./v. 词义: n. 小盒,小包;一群; v. 打包;塞满 近义词: packet, box (n.); fill, cram (v.) 词性转换: package (n. 包裹), packed (adj. 拥挤的) 常见搭配: a pack of gum/wolves (一包口香糖/一群狼), pack one’s bags (打包行李), packed like sardines (挤得像沙丁鱼罐头) 例句: He bought a pack of cigarettes from the vending machine. 他从自动售货机买了一包香烟。 词性转换练习: 1. I need to send this ______ (pack) to my friend overseas. (名词,包裹) 2. The subway during rush hour is always ______ (pack) with commuters. (形容词,挤满的) 答案与解析: 1. package。解析:指示代词“this”后接可数名词单数,指待邮寄的包裹。 2. packed。解析:此处需要形容词作表语。 34. comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ 词性: n./v. 词义: n. 安慰,慰藉;舒适; v. 安慰,抚慰 近义词: consolation, solace (n.); console, soothe (v.) 反义词: discomfort, distress (n.); distress (v.) 词性转换: comfortable (adj. 舒适的), comforting (adj. 令人安慰的) 常见搭配: words of comfort (安慰的话), live in comfort (生活舒适), comfort zone (舒适区) 例句: She found great comfort in her friend’s supportive words during the difficult time. 在困难时期,她从朋友支持的话语中得到了巨大的安慰。 词性转换练习: 1. After a long day, there’s nothing better than sinking into a ______ (comfort) armchair. (形容词,舒适的) 2. The mother’s gentle voice was very ______ (comfort) to the crying child. (形容词,令人安慰的) 答案与解析: 1. comfortable。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“armchair”。 2. comforting。解析:此处需要形容词作表语,描述声音的性质。 35. patience /ˈpeɪʃns/ 词性: n. 词义: 耐心 近义词: tolerance, forbearance 反义词: impatience 词性转换: patient (adj. 有耐心的), patiently (adv. 耐心地) 常见搭配: lose one’s patience (失去耐心), have patience with (对…有耐心), try one’s patience (考验某人的耐心) 例句: Teaching young children requires a great deal of patience. 教幼儿需要极大的耐心。 词性转换练习: 1. The nurse was very ______ (patience) with the elderly patients. (形容词) 2. She explained the complicated rules ______ (patience) to the new members. (副词) 答案与解析: 1. patient。解析:此处需要形容词作表语。 2. patiently。解析:此处需要副词修饰动词“explained”。 36. passion /ˈpæʃn/ 词性: n. 词义: 强烈的情感,激情;酷爱 近义词: enthusiasm, zeal, love 反义词: apathy, indifference 词性转换: passionate (adj. 充满激情的) 常见搭配: have a passion for (对…有强烈的爱好), with passion (充满激情地) 例句: He speaks about environmental protection with genuine passion. 他谈论环境保护时带着真正的激情。 词性转换练习: 1. She is a ______ (passion) advocate for human rights. (形容词) 2. Music has always been his lifelong ______ (passion). (名词) 答案与解析: 1. passionate。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“advocate”。 2. passion。解析:此处需要名词作表语。 37. generosity /ˌdʒenəˈrɒsəti/ 词性: n. 词义: 慷慨,大方 近义词: kindness, charity, benevolence 反义词: selfishness, stinginess 词性转换: generous (adj. 慷慨的), generously (adv. 慷慨地) 常见搭配: show generosity (表现出慷慨), act of generosity (慷慨之举) 例句: We were overwhelmed by the generosity of the local community in supporting the charity event. 当地社区对慈善活动的支持慷慨程度让我们深受感动。 词性转换练习: 1. It was extremely ______ (generosity) of them to donate such a large sum of money. (形容词) 2. He always shares his knowledge ______ (generosity) with his colleagues. (副词) 答案与解析: 1. generous。解析:在“It is + adj. + of sb. to do”结构中,需要用形容词描述人的品质。 2. generously。解析:此处需要副词修饰动词“shares”。 38. slice /slaɪs/ 词性: n./v. 词义: n. 片,薄片;部分; v. 把…切成片 近义词: piece, portion (n.); cut (v.) 词性转换: slicer (n. 切片机) 常见搭配: a slice of bread/cake/life (一片面包/蛋糕/生活片段), slice off (切下), slice through (切开) 例句: Would you like another slice of this delicious pie? 你想再来一片这个美味的馅饼吗? 词性转换练习: 1. Use the vegetable ______ (slice) to cut the cucumbers evenly. (名词,工具) 2. She carefully ______ (slice) the lemon for the garnish. (动词) 答案与解析: 1. slicer。解析:定冠词“the”和名词“vegetable”共同修饰一个表示工具的名词。 2. sliced。解析:此处需要动词的过去式。 39. humour (humor) /ˈhjuːmə/ 词性: n. 词义: 幽默感;情绪,心情 近义词: funniness, wit; mood 反义词: seriousness 词性转换: humorous (adj. 幽默的), humourless (adj. 缺乏幽默感的) 常见搭配: sense of humour (幽默感), good/bad humour (好/坏心情), dry humour (冷幽默) 例句: A good sense of humour can help you through tough times. 良好的幽默感能帮你度过艰难时期。 词性转换练习: 1. The speaker began his talk with a ______ (humour) anecdote to lighten the mood. (形容词) 2. I’m not in the ______ (humour) for watching a comedy right now. (名词,固定搭配) 答案与解析: 1. humorous。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“anecdote”。 2. humour/mood。解析:固定搭配“in the humour for (doing) sth.”,意为“有心情做某事”。 40. quality /ˈkwɒləti/ 词性: n./adj. 词义: n. 素质,品德;质量;品质; adj. 优质的,高质量的 近义词: characteristic, trait (n.); high-grade, superior (adj.) 反义词: quantity (n.); poor, low-quality (adj.) 词性转换: qualify (v. 使具有资格), qualification (n. 资格) 常见搭配: quality of life (生活质量), quality time (优质时光), high-quality products (高质量产品) 例句: Honesty and integrity are essential qualities for a leader. / We are committed to providing quality service. (n./adj.) 诚实和正直是领导者必备的素质。/ 我们致力于提供优质服务。 词性转换练习: 1. This certificate will ______ (quality) you to work as a translator. (动词) 2. She possesses all the necessary ______ (quality) for the managerial role. (名词,指资历) 答案与解析: 1. qualify。解析:情态动词“will”后接动词原形。 2. qualifications。解析:此处需要名词复数,指具体的“资格、资历”。 41. anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/ 词性: adj. 词义: 焦虑的,不安的;渴望的 近义词: worried, nervous; eager 反义词: calm, relaxed 词性转换: anxiety (n. 焦虑), anxiously (adv. 焦虑地) 常见搭配: be anxious about (为…焦虑), be anxious to do (渴望做) 例句: Parents are often anxious about their children’s safety when they are out alone. 孩子独自外出时,父母常常为他们的安全感到焦虑。 词性转换练习: 1. He waited ______ (anxious) for the phone call that would decide his future. (副词) 2. The constant uncertainty caused her a great deal of ______ (anxious). (名词) 答案与解析: 1. anxiously。解析:此处需要副词修饰动词“waited”。 2. anxiety。解析:此处需要不可数名词作宾语。 42. postpone /pəˈspəʊn/ 词性: v. 词义: 使(事件、行动等)延期,推迟 近义词: delay, put off 反义词: advance, bring forward 词性转换: postponement (n. 延期) 常见搭配: postpone a meeting/trip (推迟会议/旅行) 例句: The outdoor concert has been postponed until next Saturday due to the forecast of heavy rain. 由于预报有大雨,户外音乐会已推迟到下周六。 词性转换练习: 1. The match was cancelled after several ______ (postpone) due to bad weather. (名词,复数) 2. We have decided to ______ (postpone) our holiday until the autumn. (动词) 答案与解析: 1. postponements。解析:形容词“several”后接可数名词复数。 2. postpone。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。 43. distance /ˈdɪstəns/ 词性: v./n. 词义: v. 使与……保持距离,撇清和……的关系; n. 距离 近义词: separate, detach (v.); gap, length (n.) 反义词: approach (v.); closeness (n.) 词性转换: distant (adj. 遥远的;疏远的) 常见搭配: keep one’s distance (保持距离), in the distance (在远处), distance learning (远程学习) 例句: After the argument, he tried to distance himself from his former business partner. / We could see a lighthouse in the distance. (v./n.) 争吵之后,他试图与以前的商业伙伴保持距离。/ 我们能看见远处有一座灯塔。 词性转换练习: 1. She comes from a ______ (distance) village in the mountains. (形容词) 2. The ______ (distance) from my home to the office is about five kilometers. (名词) 答案与解析: 1. distant。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“village”。 2. distance。解析:定冠词“The”后接名词。 44. ordinary /ˈɔːdnri/ 词性: adj. 词义: 普通的,平常的 近义词: common, normal, average 反义词: extraordinary, unusual, special 词性转换: ordinarily (adv. 通常地) 常见搭配: out of the ordinary (不寻常的), ordinary people (普通人) 例句: It was just an ordinary Tuesday until the unexpected news arrived. 在意外消息传来之前,那只是一个普普通通的周二。 词性转换练习: 1. ______ (ordinary), the museum is closed on Mondays, but it’s open today for a special event. (副词) 2. There was nothing out of the ______ (ordinary) about his appearance. (名词,固定搭配) 答案与解析: 1. Ordinarily。解析:此处需要副词置于句首,作评注性状语。 2. ordinary。解析:固定搭配“out of the ordinary”,意为“不寻常的”。 45. scar /skɑː/ 词性: n./v. 词义: n. 伤疤;(精神上的)创伤; v. 留下伤疤 近义词: mark, blemish (n.) 词性转换: scarred (adj. 有伤疤的;受创伤的) 常见搭配: physical/emotional scar (身体/情感上的伤疤), bear a scar (带有伤疤) 例句: The surgery left a small scar on her knee, but it healed well. 手术在她膝盖上留下了一个小伤疤,但愈合得很好。 词性转换练习: 1. He was deeply ______ (scar) by the traumatic experience of the war. (形容词,受创伤的) 2. The accident left both physical and psychological ______ (scar) on the survivors. (名词) 答案与解析: 1. scarred。解析:此处需要形容词作表语,表示状态。 2. scars。解析:此处需要可数名词复数。 46. dine /daɪn/ 词性: v. 词义: 进餐(尤指用正餐) 近义词: eat, have dinner 词性转换: dinner (n. 正餐), diner (n. 用餐者;小餐馆) 常见搭配: dine out (外出就餐), wine and dine (以酒宴款待) 例句: They plan to dine at that new French restaurant tonight. 他们计划今晚在那家新开的法国餐厅用餐。 词性转换练习: 1. We usually have ______ (dine) around seven o’clock. (名词) 2. The company ______ (dine) the important clients at a luxurious hotel. (动词,过去时,指宴请) 答案与解析: 1. dinner。解析:动词“have”后接名词。 2. wined and dined。解析:此处用固定搭配“wine and dine”的过去时,意为“宴请”。 47. chum /tʃʌm/ 词性: n. 词义: 好朋友(非正式,尤用于旧式英语或口语) 近义词: friend, buddy, pal 词性转换: chummy (adj. 友好的) 常见搭配: an old chum (老朋友) 例句: He’s going camping with a few of his old school chums. 他要和几个老校友哥们儿去露营。 词性转换练习: 1. The two neighbors became quite ______ (chum) after their children started playing together. (形容词) 2. He’s been my ______ (chum) since we were in kindergarten. (名词) 答案与解析: 1. chummy。解析:此处需要形容词作表语。 2. chum。解析:此处需要可数名词单数。 48. chap /tʃæp/ 词性: n. 词义: 小伙子,家伙(非正式,尤英式英语) 近义词: fellow, guy, bloke 词性转换: (通常无词性转换) 常见搭配: a nice/decent chap (一个不错的/正派的家伙) 例句: The chap at the front desk was very helpful when I checked in. 我办理入住时,前台那个小伙子非常乐于助人。 词性转换练习: 1. I met a friendly ______ (chap) who gave me directions to the station. (名词) 2. “Cheer up, ______ (chap)!” he said, patting his friend on the back. (名词,用于称呼) 答案与解析: 1. chap。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数。 2. chaps。解析:此处用于称呼复数对象,意为“伙计们”。 49. make one’s fortune 词组: make one’s fortune 词义: 发财 近义词: become rich, make a lot of money 常见搭配: go abroad to make one’s fortune (出国发财) 例句: He went to the city to make his fortune, starting with just a small street stall. 他去了城里发财,起初只是一个小地摊。 词性转换练习: 1. She inherited a considerable ______ (fortune) from her grandfather. (名词,一大笔钱) 2. Many people moved west during the Gold Rush hoping to ______ (make their fortune). (动词短语) 答案与解析: 1. fortune。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数,此处意为“一大笔钱”。 2. make their fortune。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。 50. drag /dræɡ/ 词性: v. 词义: 拖,拉;缓慢费力地移动;使…拖延 近义词: pull, haul; crawl; prolong 反义词: push 词性转换: dragging (adj. 拖沓的,乏味的) 常见搭配: drag one’s feet (故意拖延), drag on (拖延), drag and drop (拖放) 例句: The child didn’t want to leave the park, so his mother had to drag him away. 孩子不想离开公园,所以他妈妈不得不把他拖走。 词性转换练习: 1. The meeting seemed to ______ (drag) on for hours without reaching any conclusion. (动词) 2. It was a long, ______ (drag) journey across the desert. (形容词,乏味的) 答案与解析: 1. drag。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。 2. dragging。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“journey”,意为“冗长乏味的”。 51. ought to 词组: ought to 词义: 应该,应当(表示责任、义务或可能性) 近义词: should, must 反义词: ought not to (oughtn’t to) 例句: You ought to call your parents more often; they worry about you. 你应该更常给你父母打电话;他们担心你。 词性转换练习: 1. The movie ______ (ought to) be good; it has excellent reviews. (表示推测) 2. Students ______ (ought to) respect their teachers and classmates. (表示义务) 答案与解析: 1. ought to。解析:此处表示根据评论作出的可能性推测。 2. ought to。解析:此处表示学生应尽的义务。 52. destiny /ˈdestəni/ 词性: n. 词义: 命运,天命 近义词: fate, fortune, lot 词性转换: destined (adj. 注定的) 常见搭配: control one’s own destiny (掌握自己的命运), a sense of destiny (使命感) 例句: He always believed it was his destiny to become a great artist. 他一直相信成为伟大的艺术家是他的命运。 词性转换练习: 1. They felt they were ______ (destiny) to be together from the moment they met. (形容词) 2. She refused to accept her ______ (destiny) passively and fought for a better life. (名词) 答案与解析: 1. destined。解析:此处需要形容词作表语,构成“be destined to”结构。 2. destiny。解析:物主代词“her”后接名词。 53. correspond /ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd/ 词性: v. 词义: 通信;符合,一致 近义词: write, communicate; match, agree 反义词: differ, disagree 词性转换: correspondence (n. 通信;一致), correspondent (n. 通讯员;通信者) 常见搭配: correspond with (与…通信;与…一致) 例句: Although they lived far apart, they corresponded regularly for over fifty years. 虽然他们住得很远,但他们定期通信超过了五十年。 词性转换练习: 1. She kept all their love letters and other ______ (correspond) in a wooden box. (名词,信件) 2. The description given by the witness did not ______ (correspond) with the evidence found at the scene. (动词) 答案与解析: 1. correspondence。解析:此处需要不可数名词,指通信行为或信件总称。 2. correspond。解析:助动词“did”后接动词原形。 54. proposition /ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃn/ 词性: n. 词义: 事业,生意;提议,建议;论点 近义词: venture, enterprise; proposal, suggestion 词性转换: propose (v. 提议) 常见搭配: a business proposition (商业提案), an attractive proposition (有吸引力的提议) 例句: Investing in renewable energy is a sound business proposition for the future. 投资可再生能源是一项面向未来的稳妥商业提议。 词性转换练习: 1. I would like to ______ (proposition) a change to the current schedule. (动词) 2. His ______ (proposition) to build a new community center was warmly welcomed. (名词) 答案与解析: 1. propose。解析:此处需要动词原形。“proposition”作动词较罕见,通常用“propose”。 2. proposition/proposal。解析:物主代词“His”后接名词,两者均可。 55. hustle /ˈhʌsl/ 词性: v./n. 词义: v. 拼命干,努力干;催促; n. 忙碌,奔忙;骗局 近义词: work hard, strive; rush (v.); bustle, activity (n.) 词性转换: hustler (n. 拼命工作的人;骗子) 常见搭配: hustle and bustle (熙熙攘攘), side hustle (副业) 例句: You really have to hustle if you want to get ahead in this competitive industry. 如果你想在这个竞争激烈的行业出人头地,就必须真的努力拼搏。 词性转换练习: 1. He’s known as a real ______ (hustle), always involved in multiple business deals. (名词,指人) 2. I love the energy and ______ (hustle) of the city’s night markets. (名词,指热闹繁忙) 答案与解析: 1. hustler。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数,指一类人。 2. hustle。解析:定冠词“the”后接不可数名词,与“bustle”同义,指喧闹繁忙。 56. staunch /stɔːntʃ/ 词性: adj. 词义: 坚定的,忠实可靠的 近义词: loyal, steadfast, faithful 反义词: disloyal, unfaithful 词性转换: staunchly (adv. 坚定地) 常见搭配: a staunch supporter/ally/defender (坚定的支持者/盟友/捍卫者) 例句: Throughout all the difficulties, she remained a staunch friend. 历经所有困难,她始终是一位坚定的朋友。 词性转换练习: 1. She ______ (staunch) believes in the importance of education for all. (副词) 2. He has earned a reputation as a ______ (staunch) advocate for social justice. (形容词) 答案与解析: 1. staunchly。解析:此处需要副词修饰动词“believes”。 2. staunch。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“advocate”。 57. partner /ˈpɑːtnə/ 词性: n./v. 词义: n. 伙伴,搭档;配偶; v. 成为伙伴,合作 近义词: associate, colleague, mate 词性转换: partnership (n. 伙伴关系,合作关系) 常见搭配: business partner (商业伙伴), life partner (人生伴侣), partner with (与…合作) 例句: She and her partner have run a successful design studio for over a decade. 她和她的搭档经营一家成功的设计工作室已经十多年了。 词性转换练习: 1. The two companies entered into a strategic ______ (partner) to develop new technology. (名词) 2. Our organization ______ (partner) with local schools to promote literacy. (动词) 答案与解析: 1. partnership。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数。 2. partners。解析:主语“organization”是第三人称单数,动词需用一般现在时单数形式。 58. turn up 词组: turn up 词义: (意外地或终于) 出现;调高(音量等);发现 近义词: appear, show up; increase, find 反义词: turn down (调低;拒绝), not show up 常见搭配: turn up late (迟到出现), turn up the heat (调高热度;施加压力) 例句: We waited for an hour, but he never turned up. 我们等了一个小时,但他始终没出现。 词性转换练习: 1. Could you ______ (turn up) the radio a little? I can’t hear the news clearly. (动词短语) 2. The missing wedding ring ______ (turn up) years later at the back of a drawer. (动词短语) 答案与解析: 1. turn up。解析:情态动词“Could”后接动词原形。 2. turned up。解析:此处需要动词的过去式,表示“被发现”。 59. excerpt /ˈeksɜːpt/ 词性: n./v. 词义: n. 摘录,节录; v. 摘录,引用 近义词: extract, passage (n.) 词性转换: (通常无词性转换) 常见搭配: an excerpt from a novel/speech (小说/演讲节选) 例句: The newspaper published an excerpt from the president’s forthcoming autobiography. 报纸刊登了总统即将出版的自传的一个节选。 词性转换练习: 1. The following text is ______ (excerpt) from her award-winning essay. (动词,被动语态) 2. She read a moving ______ (excerpt) from the poet’s diary. (名词) 答案与解析: 1. excerpted。解析:此处为被动语态,动词需用过去分词。 2. excerpt。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数。 60. appointed /əˈpɔɪntɪd/ 词性: adj. 词义: 约定的,指定的;被任命的 近义词: scheduled, arranged; assigned 反义词: unscheduled, impromptu 词性转换: appoint (v. 任命;约定), appointment (n. 约会;任命) 常见搭配: at the appointed time/place (在约定时间/地点) 例句: The committee members will gather at the appointed hour to discuss the issue. 委员会成员将在约定的时间集合讨论这个问题。 词性转换练习: 1. I have a dental ______ (appoint) at 4 p.m. tomorrow. (名词,预约) 2. The board of directors will ______ (appoint) a new CEO next month. (动词) 答案与解析: 1. appointment。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数。 2. appoint。解析:情态动词“will”后接动词原形。 61. strike /straɪk/ 词性: v./n. 词义: v. 划(火柴);打击;罢工;给…以印象; n. 罢工;打击 近义词: light, hit; impress (v.); walkout (n.) 词性转换: striking (adj. 显著的,惊人的) 常见搭配: strike a match (划火柴), go on strike (举行罢工), strike a chord (引起共鸣) 例句: In the darkness, he struck a match to see his watch. 黑暗中,他划了一根火柴看手表。 词性转换练习: 1. There is a ______ (strike) similarity between the twins, not just in looks but also in mannerisms. (形容词) 2. The workers voted to ______ (strike) for better working conditions. (动词) 答案与解析: 1. striking。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“similarity”。 2. strike。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。 62. cigar /sɪˈɡɑː/ 词性: n. 词义: 雪茄烟 词性转换: (通常无词性转换) 常见搭配: smoke a cigar (抽雪茄), cigar smoke (雪茄烟雾) 例句: The old gentleman sat in his armchair, puffing on a thick cigar. 老先生坐在扶手椅里,抽着一支粗粗的雪茄。 词性转换练习: 1. He offered me a fine Cuban ______ (cigar) after dinner. (名词) 2. The room smelled strongly of ______ (cigar) and brandy. (名词,雪茄味) 答案与解析: 1. cigar。解析:不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数。 2. cigar。解析:此处不可数,指雪茄的气味。 63. plain /pleɪn/ 词性: adj./n. 词义: adj. 简单的,朴素的;清楚的; n. 平原 近义词: simple, unadorned; clear, obvious (adj.); flatland (n.) 反义词: fancy, elaborate; unclear (adj.) 词性转换: plainly (adv. 清楚地;朴素地) 常见搭配: plain clothes (便服), make it plain that (清楚表明), the Great Plains (北美大平原) 例句: She prefers plain, comfortable clothes over fashionable ones. / It’s plain to see that he’s upset about something. (adj.) 比起时髦的衣服,她更喜欢朴素舒适的衣服。/ 很明显能看出他为什么事心烦。 词性转换练习: 1. The instructions were written ______ (plain) and were easy for everyone to understand. (副词) 2. Vast grassy ______ (plain) stretched as far as the eye could see. (名词) 答案与解析: 1. plainly。解析:此处需要副词修饰动词“written”。 2. plains。解析:此处需要可数名词复数。 64. scene /siːn/ 词性: n. 词义: 场景;现场;景色;(活动)领域 近义词: setting, site; view, sight; sphere 词性转换: scenery (n. 风景,舞台布景) 常见搭配: the scene of the crime/accident (犯罪/事故现场), behind the scenes (在幕后), make a scene (当众大吵大闹) 例句: The opening scene of the movie is set in a bustling 1920s New York street. 电影的开场场景设定在20世纪20年代熙熙攘攘的纽约街头。 词性转换练习: 1. We drove through the mountains, admiring the breathtaking ______ (scene). (名词,风景) 2. Police officers quickly cordoned off the ______ (scene) to preserve evidence. (名词,现场) 答案与解析: 1. scenery。解析:此处需要不可数名词,指整体的自然风景。 2. scene。解析:定冠词“the”后接可数名词单数,特指事发地点。 65. bitterly /ˈbɪtəli/ 词性: adv. 词义: 痛苦地,愤恨地;极其,非常 近义词: resentfully, acrimoniously; extremely 词性转换: bitter (adj. 痛苦的;苦的), bitterness (n. 痛苦;苦味) 常见搭配: cry/complain bitterly (痛哭/愤恨地抱怨), bitterly cold (严寒), bitterly disappointed (极度失望) 例句: She bitterly regretted not accepting the job offer when she had the chance. 她痛苦地后悔当初有机会时没有接受那份工作。 词性转换练习: 1. The medicine left a ______ (bitterly) taste in my mouth. (形容词) 2. There was an underlying ______ (bitterly) in his words that suggested past grievances. (名词) 答案与解析: 1. bitter。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“taste”。 2. bitterness。解析:不定冠词“an”后接可数名词单数,指“一丝愤懑”。 66. ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/ 词性: adj. 词义: 感到不好意思的,难为情的;羞耻的 近义词: embarrassed, remorseful, shamefaced 反义词: proud, shameless 词性转换: shame (n./v. 羞耻), shameful (adj. 可耻的) 常见搭配: be/feel ashamed of (为…感到羞愧), be ashamed to do (羞于做…) 例句: He felt deeply ashamed of his rude behavior at the party. 他为自己在派对上的粗鲁行为感到深深的羞愧。 词性转换练习: 1. It’s a ______ (ashamed) that so much food is wasted every day. (名词) 2. His treatment of the employees was utterly ______ (ashamed) and led to his dismissal. (形容词,描述行为性质) 答案与解析: 1. shame。解析:此处是“It’s a shame that...”句型,表示“遗憾”。 2. shameful。解析:此处需要形容词作表语,描述“treatment”的性质,意为“可耻的”。 67. unfold /ʌnˈfəʊld/ 词性: v. 词义: (卷着的东西)展开,打开;展现,披露;(事件)逐渐发展 近义词: open, spread out; reveal, develop 反义词: fold, close 词性转换: (通常无词性转换) 常见搭配: unfold a map/letter (展开地图/信), as the story unfolds (随着故事展开) 例句: She slowly unfolded the delicate, antique letter with great care. 她小心翼翼地慢慢展开那封精致的古董信。 词性转换练习: 1. He ______ (unfold) the lawn chair and settled down to read. (动词) 2. We watched with anticipation as the drama of the election ______ (unfold) on live television. (动词) 答案与解析: 1. unfolded。解析:此处需要动词的过去式。 2. unfolded。解析:主句是过去时,从句动作同时发生,需用一般过去时。 68. location /ləʊˈkeɪʃn/ 词性: n. 词义: 地点,位置;外景拍摄地 近义词: place, site, position 词性转换: locate (v. 找出…的位置;使坐落于) 常见搭配: on location (在外景地), prime location (黄金地段) 例句: The hotel’s central location makes it convenient for tourists to visit all the major attractions. 这家酒店的中央位置使游客游览所有主要景点都很方便。 词性转换练习: 1. Can you help me ______ (location) the nearest gas station on the map? (动词) 2. The film crew spent three months shooting on ______ (location) in the desert. (名词) 答案与解析: 1. locate。解析:情态动词“Can”后接动词原形。 2. location。解析:固定搭配“on location”。 69. surroundings /səˈraʊndɪŋz/ 词性: n. (pl.) 词义: 周围的事物,环境 近义词: environment, setting, milieu 词性转换: surround (v. 围绕), surrounding (adj. 周围的) 常见搭配: in pleasant/beautiful surroundings (在宜人/优美的环境中) 例句: The villa is situated in idyllic surroundings, with a view of the lake and mountains. 别墅坐落在田园诗般的环境中,可以欣赏湖光山色。 词性转换练习: 1. A high wall ______ (surroundings) the entire estate for privacy and security. (动词) 2. We need to consider the ______ (surroundings) social and economic factors. (形容词) 答案与解析: 1. surrounds。解析:此处需要动词的一般现在时单数形式作谓语。 2. surrounding。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“factors”。 70. personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ 词性: n. 词义: 个性,性格;名人 近义词: character, disposition; celebrity 词性转换: personalize (v. 使个性化) 常见搭配: have a strong/outgoing personality (个性强/外向), a TV/sports personality (电视/体育名人) 例句: Her warm and cheerful personality makes her very popular among her colleagues. 她热情开朗的性格使她在同事中很受欢迎。 词性转换练习: 1. You can ______ (personality) your new phone with your favorite wallpaper and ringtone. (动词) 2. He has a very dominant ______ (personality) and tends to take charge in group situations. (名词) 答案与解析: 1. personalize。解析:情态动词“can”后接动词原形。 2. personality。解析:此处需要不可数名词,指性格特质。 71. atmosphere /ˈætməsfɪə/ 词性: n. 词义: 气氛,氛围,环境;大气(层) 近义词: mood, ambiance; air 词性转换: atmospheric (adj. 大气的;有氛围的) 常见搭配: a friendly/romantic atmosphere (友好/浪漫的氛围), the Earth’s atmosphere (地球大气层) 例句: The candlelit dinner created a very romantic atmosphere. 烛光晚餐营造了一种非常浪漫的氛围。 词性转换练习: 1. The old castle had a mysterious and slightly eerie ______ (atmosphere) quality. (形容词) 2. ______ (atmosphere) conditions can affect the quality of astronomical observations. (形容词) 答案与解析: 1. atmospheric。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“quality”,指“有氛围的”。 2. Atmospheric。解析:此处需要形容词修饰“conditions”,指“大气的”。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 4 Friends Forever 单词讲义-2025-2026学年高一上学期英语外研版必修第一册
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Unit 4 Friends Forever 单词讲义-2025-2026学年高一上学期英语外研版必修第一册
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Unit 4 Friends Forever 单词讲义-2025-2026学年高一上学期英语外研版必修第一册
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