现在完成时 have has done -2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法易错点精讲（教科版五四制）

初中外研版 【寒假专版】 7年级下册语法精讲 寒假专版 现在完成时专项训练 寒假语法易错点精讲 学段：初中 教材：外研版（五四制) 年级：7年级下册 语法认知 现在完成时(have/has+done)=助动词have/has+动词的过去分词，用于表示过去发生并持续到 现在的动作或过去发生对现在有影响的动作。 易错点讲解 易错点一：现在完成时与一般过去时的混淆 讲解： 现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响或结果，常与already、yet、ever、never、just、since、for等 词连用：一般过去时仅表示过去发生的动作，与现在无关，常与具体过去时间状语（如yesterday、 last week、in2020等)连用。 例句：He has lived here for5 years.(他在这里住了5年，现在还住在这里)/He lived here5 years go.（他5年前住在这里，现在不一定住在这里) 真题再现： 1.(2024山东济南期中，外研版)一_you_the film before?-Yes,I_it last month A.Have;seen;saw B.Did;see;have seen C.Have;seen;have seen D.Did;see;saw 答案：A解析：第一句询问过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时Have,seen:第二句有具体 过去时间last month,用一般过去时saw。 2.(2023辽宁沈阳月考，外研版)My fatherto Beijing twice..He_there last summer. A.went;has gone B.has been;went C.has gone;went D.went;went 答案：B解析：第一句“去过北京两次”强调经历，用has been;第二句有具体过去时间last ummer,用一般过去时went。 易错点二：瞬间动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的误用 初中外研版 【寒假专版】 7年级下册语法精讲 讲解： 现在完成时中，for+时间段、sice+时间点结构要求谓语动词必须是延续性动词，瞬间动词（如 come、go、leave、die、buy等)需转化为相应的延续性动词（如bein/at、be away、be dead、have had等). 例句：He has had the book for a week.(不能用bought)/He has been in Shanghai since2020.(不能 用come to) 真题再现： 1.(2024河北石家庄期末，外研版)-How long_you._this school?-For three years A.have;come to B.have;been in C.did;come to D.will;come to 答案：B解析：how long提问时间段，需用延续性动词，cometo是瞬间动词，转化为bein,故选B。 2.(2023天津和平区期中，外研版)My grandfather for5 years.We still miss him. A.died B.has died C.has been dead D.was dead 答案：C解析：for5 years表示时间段，die是瞬间动词，需转化为be dead,现在完成时结构为 has been dead。 易错点三：already、yet、just的位置及用法混淆 讲解： already用于肯定句，可放在助动词后、实义动词前或句末：yet用于否定句和疑问句，放在句末： just表示“刚刚”，放在助动词后、实义动词前。 I have already finished my homework./Have you finished it yet?/He has just left 真题再现： 1.(2024山西太原月考，外研版)-Have you seen the film?-Yes,I saw it last week. A.yet B.already C.just D.never 答案：B解析：肯定句中表示“已经”用already,yet用于疑问句和否定句，just表示“刚刚”， never表示“从未”，根据答语“上周看过”可知选B。 2.(2023重庆渝中区期末，外研版)We haven’t finished our project.We need more time. A.already B.just C.yet D.ever 答案：C解析：否定句中表示“还未”用yet,already用于肯定句，just表示“刚刚”，ever表示 “曾经”，故选C。 易错点四：have been to、have gone to与have been in的区别 2 初中外研版 【寒假专版】 7年级下册语法精讲 讲解： have been to表示“去过某地（已回来）”；have gone to表示“去了某地（未回来或在途中)”；have been in表示“在某地待了多久”，常与时间段连用。 例句：She has been to Paris twice.（她去过巴黎两次，现在已回)/He has gone to Paris..(他去巴黎 了，现在不在这)/They have been in London for a month.(他们在伦敦待了一个月了) 真题再现： 1.(2024山东青岛期中，外研版)-Where is Tom?一He_to the library.He will be back in an hour.. A.has been B.has gone C.went D.goes 答案：B解析：根据“他一小时后回来”可知Tom去了图书馆还没回来，用has gone to,故选B。 2.(2023辽宁大连期末，外研版)My parents_to Beijing many times.They know it very well, A.have been B.have gone C.will go D.went 答案：A解析：“去过北京很多次，现在很了解”表示已回来的经历，用have been to,此处to省 略（地点副词home/there/here前不加to,但Beijing是名词，原结构应为have been to Beijing,题 目中选项简化为have been,.符合外研版教材常见考法)。 易错点五：现在完成时中主语与助动词has/have的搭配错误 讲解： 现在完成时的结构为“主语+have/has+过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it/单数名词等) 时用has,其他人称(I/you/we/hey/复数名词等)用have。 例句：She has finished her work./They have lived here for years. 真题再现： 1.(2024河北保定期中，外研版)一your brother the homework?—Yes,he A.Has;finished;has B.Have;finished;have C.Has;finish;has D.Have;finish;have 答案：A解析：主语your brother是第三人称单数，助动词用has,过去分词用finished,肯定回 答用has,故选A。 2.(2023天津滨海新区月考，外研版)My parents and I__visited the Great Wall.It's very amazing A.has B.have C.is D.are 答案：B解析：主语My parents and I是复数，助动词用have,现在完成时结构为have visited,. 故选B。 易错点综合演练 3 初中外研版 【寒假专版】 7年级下册语法精讲 综合演练 I,单项选择（直击易错点） 1.- you the new park before?-Yes,I there last Sunday..(易错点一) A.Have;seen;saw B.Did;see;have seen C.Have;seen;have seen D.Did;see;saw 2.My uncle to Shanghai twice.He_there in2022.(易错点一) A.went;has gone B.has been;went C.has gone;went D.went;went 3.How long__your family_in this city?（易错点二) A.have;come to B.have;been in C.did;come to D.will;come to 4.一Where is Lucy?一She__to the supermarket..She will return soon.(易错点四) A.has been B.has gone C.went D.goes Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分） 1.He (Iive)in this town since20l8.(易错点一) 2.My brother buy)the bike for two years.(易错点二) 3.We (not finish)our homework__(yet/already).(易错点三) 4.She be)to the Great Wall three times.(易错点四) Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用五大易错点） 用所给动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。（外研版教材课文改编） Tom and his family 1._ (live)in this village for ten years.Last year,his father 2. (go)to work in the city.Now Tom 3. (miss)him very much.He 4.(not see)hisfather since last Christmas. His mother often tells him,"Your father 5. (be)very busy.He 6.(come)back soon."Tom hopes that day can come early. V连词成句（聚焦易错句式） 1.you ever have a plane taken(?)(易错点一) 2.for he has three the book had days()(易错点二) 3.already finished I homework my()(易错点三) 4.gone he to has Beijing()(易错点四) 参考答案 4 初中外研版 【寒假专版】 7年级下册语法精讲 I单项选择 1.A2.B3.B4B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1has lived 2has had 3.haven't finished;yet 4.has been II.短文填空 1have lived 2.went 3.misses 4.hasn't seen 5.is 6.will come V.连词成句 1.Have you ever taken a plane? 2.He has had the book for three days. 3.I have already finished my homework. 4.He has gone to Beijing. 5