情态动词can may must should-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法易错点精讲（沪外版）

初中沪外版 【寒假专版】 7年级下册语法精讲 寒假专版 情态动词：can/may/must/should专项训川练 寒假语法易错点精讲 学段：初中 教材：沪外版年级：7年级下册 语法认知 情态动词can/may/must/should表示说话人的语气或态度，在句中不能单独作谓语，需和动词原形 一起构成谓语。 易错点讲解 易错点一：can表能力与may表许可的混淆 讲解： can主要表示“能力”（有能力做某事），may主要表示“许可”（允许做某事），二者含义不同，不 可混用。 例句：I can swim.(我会游泳。表能力)→May I go out?(我可以出去吗？表许可) 真题再现： 1.(2024上海浦东期末，沪外版)一you speak French?-Yes,Icam. A.Must B.Should C.Can D.May 答案：C解析：根据答语“Yes,Ican”可知问句询问能力，用can。 2.(2024江苏苏州期中，沪外版)一_I borrow your dictionary?一Sure,here you are. A.Can B.May C.Must D.Should 答案：B解析：表示请求许可，用may更委婉，符合语境。 易错点二：must与have to的混用 初中沪外版 【寒假专版】 7年级下册语法精讲 讲解： must表示主观上“必须”（说话人认为有必要），haveto表示客观上“不得不”（因外界因素被迫）。 must的否定式是needn't(不必)，have to的否定式是don't have to(不必)。 例句：I must study hard.(我必须努力学习。主观)→I have to go now.(我不得不走了。客观) 真题再现： 1.(2023浙江杭州期末，沪外版)You_finish your homework before dinner.It's a rule. A.must B.can C.may D.should 答案：A解析：“It's a rule”表客观规定，用must强调必须遵守。 2.(2023安徽合肥月考，沪外版)She一stay at home because her mother is ill.. A.must B.has to C.may D.can 答案：B解析：因母亲生病这一客观原因“不得不”待在家，用has to。 易错点三：should表建议与must表命令的语气混淆 讲解： should表示“应该”，语气较委婉，用于提建议；must表示“必须”，语气强硬，用于命令或规定。 例句：You should eat more vegetables.(你应该多吃蔬菜。建议)→You must wear school uniforms.. (你们必须穿校服。命令) 真题再现： 1.(2024江西南昌期中，沪外版)-What-I do for you?-You一help me carry the books. A.should;must B.must;should C.can;should D.may,must 答案：C解析：第一空表能力“能做什么”用can:第二空表建议“应该帮忙”用should。 2.(2024湖北武汉期末，沪外版)Students一be quiet in the library.t's the rule. A.should B.must C.may D.can 答案：B解析：图书馆保持安静是规定，用must表必须遵守。 易错点四：情态动词后接动词原形的错误 讲解： 所有情态动词(can/may/must//should)后必须接动词原形，不可接不定式(todo)或动名词(doing)。 例句：He can play football.(正确)→He can to play football..(错误) 2 初中沪外版 【寒假专版】 7年级下册语法精讲 真题再现： 1.(2023四川成都期末，沪外版)They一swim in the river..It's dangerous. A.mustn't B.don't must C.must not to D.can't to 答案：A解析：mustn't后接动词原形swim,表“禁止”，符合语法规则。 2.(2023广东广州月考，沪外版)You should一up early in the morning A.get B.to get C.getting D.gets 答案：A解析：should后接动词原形get,“should get up”表示“应该起床”。 易错点五：may的否定回答误用 讲解： may表请求许可时，肯定回答用“Yes,you may/can.”,否定回答不可用“No,you may not.”,而用 “No,you can't/mustn't.”(cant语气委婉，mustn't表禁止)。 例句：May I smoke here?-No,you can't.(正确)→一May I smoke here?-No,you may not.(错 误) 真题再现： 1.(2024福建福州期中，沪外版)一May I go to the cinema tonight?一You have a test tomorrow. A.Yes,you may.B.No,you may not.C.No,you can't.D.Yes,you can 答案：C解析：根据“你明天有考试”可知是否定回答，用No,you can't表委婉拒绝。 2.(2024湖南长沙期末，沪外版)—May I take photos here?一Look at the sign"No photos' A.Yes,you can.B.No,you mustn't.C.Yes,you may.D.No,you may not. 答案：B解析：“No photos”表禁止拍照，用must't表强烈禁止。 易错点综合演练 综合演练 I.单项选择（直击易错点) 1.-you play the piano?-Yes,I can. A.Must B.Should C.Can D.May 2.Youwear a seat belt when driving.It's the law. A.must B.can C.may D.should 3.-What_I do to improve my English?-You-read English every morning. 3 初中沪外版 【寒假专版】 7年级下册语法精讲 A.should;must B.must;should C.can;should D.may;must 4.She_finish her homework now because her parents will check it tonight. A.must B.has to C.may D.can Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分） 1.You must(listen)to the teacher carefully in class. 2.-May I borrow your ruler?-No,you(can).I need it now. 3.He_(have to)stay at home yesterday because it rained heavily. 4.Students_(should)be late for school. Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用四大易错点） 用适当的情态动词填空，使短文完整通顺。（沪外版教材课文改编） Hello,everyone!I'm Lucy.Today is my first day at school.I 1.(can/may)speak a little English,but I 2.(must/have to)learn more.My teacher says we 3.(should/must)listen carefully in class.After class,I want to ask my classmate,"(Can/May)I ask you a question?"But I'm shy.My mom tells me I 4.(mustn't/needn't)be afraid.I think I 5.(can/may)make new friends soon. V.连词成句（聚焦易错句式） 1.can,swim,you,fast,(? 2.must,we,quiet,in,library,be,the,(. 3.I,may,your,use,pen,(? 4.have to,he,today,work,(. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.C2.A3.C4B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.listen 2.can't 3.had to 4.shouldn't 4 初中沪外版 【寒假专版】7年级下册语法精讲 I短文填空 1.can 2have to 3.must 4.May 5.can V.连词成句 1.Can you swim fast? 2.We must be quiet in the library. 3.May I use your pen? 4.He has to work today. 5