UNIT 11 SECTION Ⅰ TOPIC TALK-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word（北师大版）

本讲义围绕“冲突与妥协”主题，系统梳理核心词汇（如conflict, resolve, negotiate）、重点短语（如deal with, apologize to sb. for）和基础句型（如This is because..., Without doubt...），通过词汇拓展（如annoy的派生词）、语法解析（by doing sth.作方式状语）构建从基础到综合的学习支架。 资料以“四翼”考查设计练习，通过经典佳句、语篇阅读（如调解冲突、现实超人等主题）培养语言能力和思维品质，课中助力教师讲解词汇用法与语法，课后练习题覆盖基础到综合，帮助学生查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE Ⅰ.“说”什么——常用单词 1．friend n．朋友 2．conflict n．争执，矛盾，冲突 3．resolve vt.解决(问题，困难) 4．apologize v．道歉 5．explain v．解释 6．peace n．和平 7．inquire v．询问，打听 8．sorry adj.对不起，遗憾的，感到伤心的 9．understand v．理解 10．complain v．抱怨 11．hurt v．伤害 12．inconvenience n．不便 13．neighbour n．邻居，邻里 14．bother v．打扰，烦扰 15．negotiate v．谈判，协商 Ⅱ.怎么“说”——重点短语 1．deal with 处理，对付 2．be angry with 对……发怒；生……的气 3．respond to 对……作出反应 4．put forward solutions 提出(解决)方案 5．disturb the peace 打破安宁 6．apologise to sb.for...因……而向……道歉 7．keep peace 保持和平 8．say sorry to 向……道歉 9．make a complaint about 就……提出投诉/控告 10．have an influence on...对……有影响 Ⅲ.我会“说”——基础句型 1．Waiting in the bank is a waste of time. 在银行里等待(办业务)就是时间的浪费。 2．This is because you are always making noise，which disturbs peace. 这是因为你总是发出噪音，扰乱了安宁。 3．In our daily life，we may often come across conflicts. 在我们日常生活中，我们可能经常(与人)发生冲突。 4．Without doubt，the best way is to try to negotiate with the other person. 毫无疑问，最好的方法是与对方协商。 5．Another possibility is to ask for help from somebody outside the situation. 另一种解决方案就是向局外人(中间人)寻求帮助(说合)。 SECTION Ⅰ　 TOPIC TALK ●基础单词 1．　negotiate　 vi.&vt.谈判，协商 2．　compromise　 n．折中，妥协 3．　inquire　 vi.&vt.询问，打听 4．　resolve　 vt.解决(问题、困难) 5．　detect　 vt.发现，察觉 6．　somewhat　 adv.有点，有几分 7．　monitor　 vt.监督；监视；监测，体测 n．显示器，监视器 8．　self­control　 n．自制力；自我控制 ●拓展单词 1．annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气→　annoyed　 adj.感到生气的→　annoying　 adj.使人烦恼的 2．ashamed adj.内疚的，惭愧的→　shame　 n．羞愧→　shameful　 adj.可耻的→　shameless　 adj.无耻的，厚颜的 3．tolerate vt.忍受；忍耐；容许；宽容→　tolerance　 n．容忍，忍受→　tolerant　 adj.宽容的 4．assign vt.分配，分派，指派(任务)→　assignment　 n．分配 1．respond 　with　... 以/用……回应 2．negotiate 　with　... 与……协商 3．　a　 waste of time 时间的浪费 4．　in　 full 整个，全部 5．detect an error 　with　 sth.发现某事有错误 6．　in　 an hour 一小时之后 7．be annoyed 　with　 对……生气 8．feel 　down　 感到沮丧，情绪消沉 9．a sign 　of　 ……的标志 10．　by　 the end of...到……末 11．pick 　up　 拿起；捡起；学会；恢复，好转 12．　another　 ten minutes 再……十分钟；多十分钟 By assigning yourself a goal，you will know what you have to finish. 通过给自己设定一个目标，你会知道要完成什么。 by doing sth. 引导的状语，表示方式 1．resolve v．& n．解决；决心；决定 坚定的信念 (1)resolve an issue/a problem/a dispute/a conflict 解决问题/争端/冲突 resolve on(doing) sth.决定(做)某事；决意(做)某事 resolve to do sth.决心做某事 (2)resolved adj.下定决心的，断然的 be resolved to do sth.决心做某事 (3)resolution n．决定；解决 ◆[经典佳句] We must find a way to resolve these problems before it's too late. 我们必须及时找到解决这些问题的方法。 We had resolved on making an early start. 我们已经决定早点儿动身。 She resolved to report the matter to the hospital's nursing manager. 她决定把这件事汇报给医院的护士长。 He made a resolve to go on a journey early in the next morning. 他决意明天一早就动身。 Most people with property to lose were resolved to defend it. 大多数有财产损失的人都坚决地捍卫它。 I've come to a resolution to exercise more and lose weight. 我已下定决心多锻炼，减肥。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①Many students resolve 　on　 studying abroad after graduation. ②She was resolved 　to avoid　 (avoid) seeing him as long as possible. ③It 　was resolved　(resolve) that the matter should be referred to a higher authority. ④Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a 　resolution　(resolve) after an argument. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ⑤The director 　has resolved on a plan　(已经决定了一项计划)to save the firm. ⑥We 　resolve/are resolved to fight　(决心战斗)to the end：liberty or death. ⑦He 　made a resolve to/was resolved to　(决心)lose all the weight gained during the Spring Festival period. 2．negotiate vi.&v. 谈判，协商 (1)negotiate with sb. about/for sth. 与某人协商某事 negotiate a contract with sb. 与某人商定合同 (2)negotiation n．谈判，洽谈 (be) in negotiation with sb.与某人协商 ◆[经典佳句] The two sides are negotiating about it. 双方就此事正在交涉。 He has negotiated a new contract with the sellers. 他已与销售商谈成了一份新合同。 It is said that it remains in negotiation with the Russian authorities. 据说，此事还在与俄罗斯当局进行协商。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①Recently we have started to negotiate 　with　 different banks. ②We've decided to negotiate 　with　 the employers 　about/for　 our wage claim. ③The agreement was reached after a series of difficult 　negotiations　 (negotiate)． ④They are 　in　 negotiation with a foreign company for it. ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 翻译句子 ⑤I've managed to negotiate a five percent pay increase with my boss. 　我们已经设法同老板协商达成增加5%的工资协议。　 3．compromise n．折中，妥协vi.妥协，折中，让步vt.危害 (1)make a compromise 妥协；折中；做出让步 reach/arrive at/come to a compromise 达成妥协 (2)compromise with 向……妥协 ◆[经典佳句] Both companies reached a compromise in order to solve the conflict. 两家公司为了解决冲突而达成了妥协。 In any relationship，people have to make compromises. 在任何关系当中，人们都得做出让步。 They were unwilling to compromise with the enemy. 他们不愿与敌人妥协。 She had already compromised herself by accepting his invitation. 她接受了他的邀请，这件事已经使她的声誉受到了损害。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①Never compromise 　with　 two things－your health and your dignity. ②Be ready and willing to make 　compromises　(compromise)between your needs and those of your partner. ③There is no question that a new compromise will 　be reached　(reach)． ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④Encourage your child to 　reach a compromise　(找到折中点)between what he wants and what you want. ⑤There is 　no room for compromise　(没有调和的余地)on this matter. 4．inquire vi.& vt.询问，打听；查究 (1)inquire about 查问；询问 inquire into 调查；探究 inquire after 问候 (2)inquiry n．调查；询问，打听，查问 a thorough inquiry into 对……的彻底调查 make an inquiry about 询问 ◆[经典佳句] He went to the hospital to inquire about her. 他到医院去打听她的情况。 Inspectors were appointed to inquire into the affairs of the company. 督察员受委派调查该公司的事务。 They've promised a thorough inquiry into the plane crash. 他们答应对这次飞机失事进行彻底的调查。 He made some inquiries and discovered she had gone to Anhui. 他询问了一番，发现她已去了安徽。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①He determined to inquire thoroughly 　into　 the matter. ②He called them several times to inquire 　about　 job possibilities. ③An official 　inquiry　(inquire) has been launched into the cause of the accident. ④The following day，Mary brought her carnations(康乃馨)and inquired 　after　 her well­being. 5．annoying adj. 使恼怒的；令人气恼的 (1)annoy sb. with/by 因……而使某人烦恼 (2)annoyed adj. 烦恼的，恼火的 be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事而生气 be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气 (3)annoyance n．烦恼 to one's annoyance 使某人生气的是 (4)annoying adj. 使生气的，使恼怒的，使烦恼的 ◆[经典佳句] The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. 你使用筷子的方式非常重要，避免惹恼你的伴侣。 He got very annoyed with me about my carelessness. 他因我的粗心大意而对我很生气。 It really annoys me when people forget to say thank you. 当有人连谢谢都忘记说时我确实感到不愉快。 It is without doubt the most annoying of all. 毫无疑问这是最令人心烦的。 I was quite annoyed at the annoying noise he was making. 他弄出的令人心烦的噪音让我很恼火。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①He got 　annoyed　 with the 　annoying　 flies flying around him when he was reading a book.(annoy) ②What 　annoyed　 (annoy) me was that she was always interrupting us when we were talking. ③The film star was 　annoyed　 (annoy) to know that his son was still addicted to drugs. ④It is 　annoying　 (annoy) that I have to put up with his bad temper. ⑤It 　annoys　 (annoy) Catherine that she has to attend the conference on behalf of her company. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ⑥The kids wouldn't stop talking，and I was beginning to 　get annoyed with them　 (对他们生气)． ⑦　It annoys me to　 (使我心烦的是) have no time to do more reading. 6．somewhat adv.有点，有几分 几个相似意义的词汇 somewhat/somehow/anyhow somewhat“稍微，有些”，相当于 in a way，rather； somehow “以某种方式，由于某种原因”，相当于in some way or other； anyhow“无论如何，以任何方式”，相当于 anyway，at any rate。 ◆[经典佳句] I was somewhat surprised to see him. 见到他我颇感诧异。 He could have finished it on schedule，but somehow he fell behind. 他原本能按预定进度做完这件事的，但不知怎么地却落后了。 Mother told me not to buy the toy，but I bought it anyhow. 妈妈告诉我不要买这个玩具，但不管怎样，我还是买了。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 选词填空：somewhat/somehow/anyhow ①I was told to go to Denver for this interview.It was a very amusing affair.　Anyhow　，I got the job. ②　Somehow　 he survived the jump from the third floor of the building. ③Though the brakes of his bike had 　somewhat　 gone wrong，he still shot the works in a desperate effort to win the race. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④He concluded that Tom was 　somewhat lazy　(有点儿懒)． 7．ashamed adj. 内疚的，惭愧的 (1)be ashamed of sb. 为某人羞愧 be ashamed of oneself for doing ... 某人因做了……而感到羞愧 be ashamed to do ... 耻于做……；因做……而羞愧 be ashamed that 为……而感到羞愧 (2)shame n．羞愧 It is a shame that ... ……是令人遗憾的事 (3)shameless adj.无耻的；厚颜的 (4)shameful adj. 可耻的 ◆[经典佳句] I was ashamed that I should have hurt her so much. 我为伤了她的心而感到羞愧。 It's a shame that she isn't here to see it. 真可惜她不能在这儿亲自看看。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 用ashamed，shameful填空 ①We thought his behavior was 　shameful　. ②I'm 　ashamed　 to leave you this way. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ③She 　was ashamed to tell　 her parents she had failed the exam. 她羞于告诉父母自己考试不及格。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 同义句改写 ④He was ashamed of what happened and bowed his head.(用过去分词短语作原因状语改写) 　Ashamed of what happened，he bowed his head.　 8．assign vt. 分配，分派，指派；布置 (1)assign sb.sth./assign sth.to sb. 把某物/某事分配给某人 assign sb.to sth.指派某人承担(工作) assign sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事 (2)assignment n．分配；指派；任务 ◆[经典佳句] The professor assigned four chapters for this week. 教授指定了四章作为本周的作业。 They have assigned me a small room. 他们已经给我分配了一个小房间。 The company assigned him to the company's branch in Cairo. 公司派他到公司在开罗的分部工作。 I had set myself a tough assignment. 我给自己定了一项艰巨任务。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①She's going to India on a special 　assignment　(assign) for her newspaper. ②Headquarters assigned the soldiers 　to　 a different unit. ③The teacher assigned Wednesday evening 　to meet　 (meet)the parents. ④Occasionally，I would read a novel that 　was assigned　(assign)，but I didn't enjoy this type of reading. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ⑤The teacher 　assigned a different task to　(给……分配不同的任务)each of the children. (教材P110) By assigning yourself a goal，you will know what you have to finish by the end of the time. 通过为自己设定目标，你将知道到时间结束时你不得不完成什么。 [句式结构]　by doing sth.为方式状语，表示“通过做……” ◆[规律总结]　“作方式状语常见形式” (1)through hard work 凭借艰苦工作，孜孜不倦地 (2)by means of 供助……手段；依靠……方法 (3)without doing sth.无需做…… (4)in this way 采用这种方法 (5)with this method采用这种方法 (6)by this means采用这种方法 ◆[经典佳句] You can only achieve success through hard work. 你得孜孜不倦方能成功。 The boy managed to express his meaning by means of body language. 小男孩通过身势语表达了自己的意思。 They solved the problem without asking their teacher for help. 他们没有向老师求助就解决了问题。 ◆[误区规避]——语法填空 Only　________　this way can we live a better life. (可能失误)填by (正确表达)填in (火眼金睛)英语中许多短语搭配是固定的，使用需精准，且不可“脚踏两只船”，这是很“危险”的。◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ①　In this way　，we can save a lot of time. 采用此方法，我们可以节省大量时间。 ②　With this method　，we can save a lot of time. 用这种方法，我们可以节省很多时间。 ③　By this means　，we can save a lot of time. 通过这种方式，我们可以节省很多时间。 ④　By reciting a lot　，he has improved his English. 通过大量背诵，他已经提高了英语水平。 [基础性] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Let's 　inquire　(询问)into that matter a little more. 2．I don't want to put you to any 　inconvenience　(不便)． 3．This swimming pool is 　somewhat　(有点，有几分) deeper than ours. 4．She was deeply 　ashamed　(羞愧的)of her behaviour at the party. 5．He sent a doctor to 　monitor　(监测)the patient's illness. 6．The young man lack self­confidence and 　maturity　(成熟，老炼)，feeling childish. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．—How did some drinks companies respond 　to　 the sugar tax? —They reduced their products' sugar content. 2．Secondly，the 　inconvenience　(convenience) is not a problem if our purpose is to share Chinese culture. 3．Don't openly express 　annoyance　(annoy) at a professor or class. 4．The issue of the debt is still under 　negotiation　(negotiate)． 5．Recent research suggests that if an argument gets 　resolved　(resolve)，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. 6．Some 　compromises　(compromise)were unavoidable，but the video turned out perfect. 7．When Dr.Gullickson was 　assigning　(assign) project mates for his introduction to experimental psychology class，I secretly hoped he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with. [应用性] Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Don't play computer games.It is 　a_waste_of_time　(时间的浪费)． 2．I am calling to the station to 　make_sure　(确保，弄清)the road is not blocked. 3．All my costs will be paid 　in_full　(充足，全额)next Friday. 4．She tapped her forehead and 　looked_annoyed_with　(看上去生气)herself. 5．　By_the_end_of_this_year　 (到今年年底)we will have learnt 8 units. 6．　By_doing_experiments　 (通过做实验)again and again，they finally drew a conclusion. [综合性] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A When people find themselves in difficult conflicts, they often turn to mediation (调解)．Mediators are advised to listen attentively, avoid favoring the ideas of one party, and make both sides feel at ease. Surprisingly, new research that my colleagues and I conducted shows that, to effectively help people settle their conflicts, mediators should adopt a hostile (敌意的) attitude rather than a calming one. A hostile mediator, we find, brings better results than a nice one. Why would adding more negativity (消极性) to an already hostile situation prove beneficial? Consider how parents typically react when they can't get their children to stop quarreling：“I don't care who started it. Both of you go to your rooms！” At first sight, a calm mediator seems likely to be more effective. But as anyone with brothers or sisters knows, parents' seemingly (看上去) unsympathetic treatment of the situation can have an unusual effect. In our research, we created situations in which pairs of negotiators were part of a heated conflict. In some cases, the mediator had a “nice” approach—calm and polite. In others, he was hostile—aggressive and somewhat rude. Across different types of conflicts, we found that negotiators were more willing and able to reach an agreement in the presence (在场) of a hostile mediator than in the presence of a nice one. The main result of the test is not that hostility pays off. In fact, recent research has documented the social costs of negative behavior. For example, being the target of rude behavior reduces people's performance on a variety of tasks. Other research shows the social benefits of positive behavior. People are more likely to close deals and become future business partners. Even with the widespread social benefits of positive behavior and costs of negative behavior，hostility can pay off in certain situations. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。当人们发现自己陷入难解的冲突时，他们往往求助于调解。建议调解员认真听取意见，避免偏袒一方的意见，使双方感到放心。即使积极行为有广泛的社会效益而消极行为具有一定的代价，敌意也能在某些情况下奏效。 1．What is the parents' settlement of conflicts in Paragraph 2? A．It's calming and wise. B．It's arbitrary but effective. C．It's commonly adopted. D．It harms family relationship. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘I don't care who started it.Both of you go to your rooms！’‘...parents' seemingly unsympathetic treatment of the situation can have an unusual effect.’”可知，第二段中提到的父母的方法虽然有些武断，但是对孩子之间矛盾的解决很有效。故选B。 2．How does the author support his viewpoints? A．By giving examples and experimenting. B．By analyzing causes and effects. C．By presenting facts. D．By making comparison. 解析：A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Consider how parents typically react when they can't get their children to stop quarreling”和第三段中对所做实验的介绍可知，作者通过提供例子和做实验来证明观点。故选A。] 3．Which best describes the author's attitude in the text? A．Concerned.　　　　　 B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Positive. 解析：C　[推理判断题。文中作者在第二、三段讨论了调解者采取敌意态度的这种消极行为的作用和力量，同时在第四段也指出了积极行为的好处以及消极行为的代价。所以作者的态度是客观的。故选C。] 4．What could be the best title of the text? A．The Significance of Effective Mediation B．The Costs of Negative Behavior C．The Benefits of Positive Behavior D．The Surprising Power of Hostility 解析：D　[主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“A hostile mediator，we find，brings better results than a nice one”，第二段中的“Why would adding more negativity (消极性) to an already hostile situation prove beneficial？”，第三段段末的“...we found that negotiators ...a hostile mediator than in the presence of a nice one”以及最后一段中的“hostility can pay off in certain situations”可知，作者主要介绍调解者采取的敌意态度的出乎意料的力量，所以The Surprising Power of Hostility作文章的标题最佳。故选D。] B On a cool night in San Francisco, a man calling himself Motor Mouth patrols (巡逻) the streets, looking to lend a hand to anyone needing aid. Dressed in a costume that includes a black mask to cover his face, Motor Mouth is one of a growing number of real­life “superheroes”. People belonging to this group do not have actual superpowers, but they do want to help their communities and make the world a safer place. In 2001, more than 300 people claimed to participate in the real­life superhero movement. Some people, such as Benjamin Fodor, who also uses the name Phoenix Jones when wearing his mask and cape (披风), have received a lot of media attention. However, many of the other real­life superhero participants 　keep_low_profiles　. Most prefer to fit in with everyone else. Do these real­life superheroes actually help? It depends on whom you ask. Phoenix Jones claims to have stopped robberies and fights, but the police say that his actions sometimes interfere with their work. They even had to arrest him once for spraying (喷洒) someone with pepper spray. In general, it is dangerous for people to involve themselves in potentially violent situations such as break­ins or fights. Police claim that regular citizens do not have the training or support to deal with criminals, and they advise would­be heroes to safely gather information about the crime and immediately call the police instead. The real­life superheroes and their supporters claim that they are responding to needs in their communities that police officers are unable to meet. They point out that the vast majority of real­life superheroes perform community service work, such as helping to feed the homeless. They also claim that the superheroes are positive symbols for their communities, inspiring others to do good deeds. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。在旧金山有一些现实生活中的“超人”，他们热衷于社区工作，维护当地的治安环境，但是警察对于他们的工作持有不同的态度。 5．What can we infer about Phoenix Jones? A．He is a character in a superhero film. B．He is a real­life superhero. C．He always helps the police. D．He wants to be a policeman. 解析：B　[推理判断题。根据第二段可知，有些人吸引了媒体的关注，并以Benjamin Fodor使用Phoenix Jones的名字为例，因此可推测Phoenix Jones是一位真实世界里的超级英雄。] 6．What does the underlined phrase “keep low profiles” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Avoid publicity. B．Stay positive. C．Follow the order. D．Keep busy. 解析：A　[词义猜测题。由However可知，画线短语所在句和前一句表述的是相反情况，再由“Most prefer to fit in with everyone else.”可知，画线短语的意思是“保持低调”，也就是“避免引人注意”。] 7．What did the police think of superheroes in the community? A．They will cause more crime. B．They disturb people's life. C．They lack professional training. D．They know little about crime. 解析：C　[事实细节题。根据第三段中的“Police claim that regular citizens do not have the training or support to deal with criminals...”可知，普通人缺少专业训练。] 8．What is many real­life superheroes' opinion on themselves? A．They have unique abilities. B．They lower national crime rates. C．They can satisfy the police's needs. D．They help a lot in their communities. 解析：D　[事实细节题。最后一段讲到现实生活中的超级英雄以及他们的支持者声称他们能做警察做不到的事情，为社区做义工，他们的行为能鼓励其他人做好事。由此可知“现实生活中的超级英雄”认为自己对社区帮助很大。] Ⅱ.完形填空 A famous scientist was being interviewed.The newspaper reporter asked him what 　__1__　 him from others so far.He responded that it was all 　__2__　 an experience that occurred in his childhood. He had been trying to 　__3__　 a bottle of milk which was in the refrigerator when the bottle 　__4__　 and fell, making the milk all over the kitchen floor.　__5__　 the scene, his mother did not yell at him, give him a 　__6__　，or punish him, but she said, “The 　__7__　 has already been done.Would you like to play in the milk before we 　__8__　？” Indeed, he did.After this 　__9__　， he was told that whenever he made a mess like this, 　__10__　 he had to clean it up and restore everything to its usual 　__11__　. Then, she offered him several things to 　__12__　.He decided to use the sponge to clean the milk.His mother then did an experiment asking him to carry a big bottle with two 　__13__　 hands.The little boy learned that if he 　__14__　 the bottle­with both hands－at the top near the 　__15__　， he could carry it without breaking it.What a wonderful lesson! The scientist then recalled that it was at that moment that he knew making mistakes is not terrible. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。一位科学家回忆童年时有一次打翻了牛奶，母亲没有责备或惩罚他，从这次经历中他认识到犯错误并不可怕。 1.A.spared　　　　　 B．distinguished C．freed D．rescued 解析：B　[下文语境题。根据后文“him from others”可知，报社记者问他到目前为止是什么使他与别人有区别(distinguish)。故选B。] 2．A.up to B．according to C．as to D．due to 解析：D　[下文语境题。根据后文“an experience that occurred in his childhood”可知，他回答说，这都是因为(due to)他童年时的一次经历。故选D。] 3．A.touch B．check C．fetch D．replace 解析：C　[下文语境题。根据后文“a bottle of milk which was in the refrigerator”可知，他想去取(fetch)冰箱里的一瓶牛奶。故选C。] 4．A.slipped B．broke C．trembled D．opened 解析：A　[下文语境题。根据后文“making the milk all over the kitchen floor”可知，牛奶瓶滑落(slip)了，牛奶洒了厨房一地。故选A。] 5.A.Setting B．Witnessing C．Entering D．Ignoring 解析：B　[下文语境题。根据后文“the scene”可知，此处指母亲当场看到(witness)了这一场景。故选B。] 6.A.hand B．suggestion C．help D．lecture 解析：D　[下文语境题。根据后文“or punish him”可知，看到这一幕，他的母亲没有对他大吼大叫，也没有教训他，也没有惩罚他。短语give sb. a lecture意为“教训某人”。故选D。] 7．A.damage B．compensation C．wrong D．deed 解析：A　[上文语境题。根据上文“making the milk all over the kitchen floor”可知，这是一场破坏(damage)。故选A。] 8．A.start B．adjust C．sweep D．participate 解析：C　[上文语境题。根据上文“Would you like to play in the milk before we”可知，母亲说：“破坏已经造成了。在我们扫(sweep)地之前，你想不想在牛奶里玩一玩？”，故选C。] 9．A.accident B．pleasure C．adventure D．discussion 解析：B　[上文语境题。结合上文“Indeed，he did.”可知，科学家把牛奶洒了，母亲没有责备他，还让他在牛奶里玩，应是在这次玩乐(pleasure)之后。故选B。] 10．A.hesitantly B．willingly C．immediately D．eventually 解析：D　[下文语境题。根据后文“he had to clean it up”可知，在这次玩乐之后，他被告知，每当他弄得像这样一团糟时，他最终(eventually)必须把它清理干净。故选D。] 11．A.state B．shape C．post D．level 解析：A　[上文语境题。根据前面的“restore everything to its usual”可知，他最终必须把它清理干净，并把所有东西恢复到原来的状态(state)。故选A。] 12．A.pick up B．choose from C．take out D．put aside 解析：B　[上文语境题。根据上文“she offered him several things to”可知，然后，母亲给了他几样东西供他选择(choose from)。故选B。] 13．A.thin B．weak C．bare D．tiny 解析：D　[下文语境题。根据后文“The little boy”可知，然后，他的母亲做了一个实验，让他用两只小(tiny)手拿一个大瓶子。故选D。] 14．A.brought B．removed C．grasped D．pushed 解析：C　[下文语境题。根据后文“the bottle”和“with both hands”可知，小男孩发现要用双手抓住(grasp)瓶子。故选C。] 15．A.body B．bottom C．lip D．handle 解析：C　[上文语境题。结合上文“at the top near the”可知，小男孩发现只要用双手抓住瓶子顶部靠近瓶口(lip)的地方，瓶子就不会被打破。故选C。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $