Unit 11情态动词-2025-2026学年高中英语选修四语法考点精讲（北师大版）

高中北师大版 【选修4】 Unit11考点精讲 语法专项 情态动词 Unit11考点精讲 考点精讲 考点一：can/could的用法 规则：结构：表能力(can=be able to,could为过去式)；表许可（口语中可与may互换，could语 气更委婉)：表推测（用于否定句/疑问句，can't表“不可能”，couldn't语气较弱） 例题1：Can you swim across the river?【2023XX市高二期末】 -No,I_,but Iwhen I was young A.can't;could B.couldn't;can C.can;couldn't D.couldn't;could (答案：A) 例题2：The light is of,sohe_be at home.【2022XX省模拟】 A.can B.must C.can't D.might (答案：C) 考点二：may/might的用法 规则：结构：表许可(may用于肯定/疑问句，might语气更委婉)：表推测（用于肯定句，might 可能性比may小)：may/might as well+动词原形(“不妨做某事”") 例题1：一_I use your phone?Mine is out of power..【2021XX市高三一模】 -Sure,here you are. A.Must B.Should C.May D.Need (答案：C) 例题2：He_have finished the work,butI'm not sure.【2023新高考Ⅱ卷模拟】 A.must B.may C.can D.should (答案：B) 考点三：must/have to的用法 规则：结构：must表主观“必须”（否定式nustn't“禁止”）：have to表客观“不得不”（过去式 had to):must表肯定推测（用于肯定句，否定式用can't) 例题1：Youplay with fire;it's too dangerous.【2022全国乙卷模拟】 A.needn't B.mustn't C.wouldn't D.shan't 高中北师大版 【选修4】 Unit11考点精讲 (答案：B) 例题2：一Why didn't you attend the meeting'? 一Iattend it because I was ill.【2021XX省联考】 A.mustn't B.needn't C.couldn't D.didn't have to (答案：C) 考点四：should/ought to的用法 规则：结构：should/ought to表“应该”(ought to语气更强，否定式shouldn't/ought not to):should have done(“本应该做却未做”，表责备或遗憾)：ought to have done同义 例题l:You_have told me about the meeting earlier..I missed it..【2023新高考I卷】 A.must B.should C.could D.might (答案：B) 例题2：一I failed the exam again. -You_spend so much time playing games.【2022XX市高二质检】 A.needn't B.shouldn't C.wouldn't D.mightn't (答案：B) 考点五：wil/would的用法 规则：结构：will表意愿/习惯/预测（用于第二人称疑凝问句表请求，如Will you..?):would表过去 习惯(“过去常常”)/委婉请求(Would you.?):would have done(虚拟语气中表与过去事实相反) 例题1： 一_you please close the window?It's cold outside.【2021X省高考真题】 -Sure. A.Must B.Should C.Would D.Need (答案：C) 例题2：If you had told me the truth,.I_you.【2023XX市高三二模】 A.would believe B.would have believed C.believed D.will believe (答案：B) 考点六：need/dare的用法 规则：结构：need作情态动词（用于否定/疑问句，neen't“不必”）：作实义动词(need to do sth /need doing):dare作情态动词（用于否定/疑问句，dared为过去式）：作实义动词(dare to do sth.) 例题l:一Need I finish the work today? 一No,you一.You can do it tomorrow..【2022全国甲卷】 A.needn't B.mustn't C.can't D.shouldn't (答案：A) 例题2：She didn't dare_(tel)him the bad news.【2021XX市高二期末语法填空】 2 高中北师大版 【选修4】 Unit11考点精讲 (答案：te/tote) 考点七：情态动词+have done的用法 规则：结构：must have done(“一定做过某事”，肯定推测)：can't/couldn't have done(“不可能做 过某事”，否定推测)：may/might have done(“可能做过某事”，不确定推测)；should/ought to have done(“本应该做却未做”)；needn't have done(“本不必做却做了”) 例题1：The ground is wet;it rained last night.【2023X省联考】 A.must have B.should have C.would have D.might have (答案：A) 例题2：You have watered the flowers,.for it will rain soon.【2022XX市高三一模】 A.mustn't B.needn't C.shouldn't D.can't (答案：B) 考点综合训练 1单项选择 1.Yoube late for class again,or the teacher will be angry. A.needn't B.mustn't C.wouldn't D.mightn't 2.-I borrow your umbrella?It's raining heavily. -Of course,here you are. A.Must B.Should C.May D.Need 3.The door is locked.He have gone out for a walk. A.must B.can C.should D.need 4.You have told me the truth earlier.Now it's too late to fix the problem. A.must B.should C.might D.could 5.IfI you,I accept the job offer immediately. A.am;will B.were;would C.was;should D.be;might 6.Shespeak French fluently when she was five years old. A.can B.could C.may D.must 7.Youworry about me.I can take care of myself. A.needn't B.mustn't C.shouldn't D.wouldn't 8.-Why didn't you answer my call? -I have been sleeping,so I didn't hear it. A.must B.may C.can D.should 3 高中北师大版 【选修4】 Unit11考点精讲 Ⅱ完成句子 1.他们不可能已经到达机场，因为航班延误了。 They at the airport,for the flight was delayed. 2.你本不必买这么多水果，我们冰箱里还有很多。 You _so much fruit;we still have plenty in the fridge. 3.如果昨天我知道你的生日，我就会给你买礼物了。 IfIyour birthday yesterday,Iyou a gift. 4.老师建议我们每天至少花一小时练习英语听力。 The teacher suggested that we_at least one hour on English listening every day. 5.他过去常常周末去钓鱼，但现在他更喜欢待在家里。 He fishing on weekends,but now he prefers staying at home. Ⅲ.短文改错 下面短文中共有5处与情态动词相关的错误，请找出并改正 I wish I can speak English as well as native speakers.My teacher suggested that I will join the English club to practice.If I studied harder last term,I would pass the exam.You mustn't have told him about the surprise party,now he knows everything!It is time that we start preparing for the final test. V.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 A:Hi,Tom.You look tired.You(stay)up late last night? B:Yes,I had to finish my project.I(not finish)it on time without your help last week.Thank you! A:You're welcome.By the way,-you please help me carry this box?It's too heavy. B:Sure.But we hurry-the meeting starts in 10 minutes. A:I know.If we(leave)earlier,we wouldn't be in such a rush now. B:Don't worry.We_arrive on time if we take a taxi. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.B2.C3.A4.B5.B6.B7.A8.B Ⅱ.完成句子 1.can't have arrived 2.needn't have bought 3.had known;would have bought 4.(should)spend 5.would go 4 高中北师大版 【选修4】 Unit11考点精讲 Ⅲ短文改错 l.can→could2.will→should3.would pass→would have passed 4.nustn't→shouldn't5.stat→started V.语法填空 1.must have stayed 2.couldn't have finished 3.Would 4.must 5.had left 6.should/will 5