Unit11情态动词-2025-2026学年高中英语期末语法复习选择性必修4（北师大版）

期末语法复习 选修4·北师大版·Unit11:情态动词 一、考点概述 情态动词是高中英语常用语法，用于表达说话人的语气、态度或情感，如能力、许可、 推测、义务等，核心考点围绕不同情态动词的基本含义、推测用法及情态动词+have done的结构展开。 二、核心考点详解 考点一：can/could的用法 结构：表能力(can=be able to,cold为过去式)：表许可（口语中可与may互换，could 语气更委婉)：表推测（用于否定句/疑问句，cant表“不可能”，couldn't语气较弱） 例句：She can speak three foreign languages..(能力)/Could I borrow your dictionary?(许 可)/He can't be in the classroom now.(推测) 真题1：Can you swim across the river?【2023XX市高二期末】 -No,I_,but Iwhen I was young. A)can't,could B)couldn't;can C)can;couldn't D)couldn't could 答案：A 真题2：The light is off,sohe_be at home.【2022XX省模拟】 A)can B)must C)can't D)might 答案：C 考点二：may/might的用法 结构：表许可(may用于肯定/疑问句，might语气更委婉)：表推测（用于肯定句，might 可能性比may小)；may/might as well+动词原形(“不妨做某事”) 例句：You may leave the classroom now.(许可)/She might come to the party tonight.(推 测)/We might as well walk there.（建议) 真题1：一I use your phone?Mine is out of power.【2021XX市高三一模】 —Sure,here you are. A)Must B)Should C)May D)Need 答案：C 真题2：He have finished the work,butI'm not sure.【2023 新高考Ⅱ卷模拟】 A)must B)may C)can D)should 答案：B 考点三：must/have to的用法 结构：must表主观“必须”（否定式nustn't“禁止”）；have to表客观“不得不”（过去 式had to)；mmst表肯定推测（用于肯定句，否定式用cant) 例句：We must obey traffic rules.(必须)/You mustn't smoke here.(禁止)/She must be sleeping now.(推测)/I have to work overtime today.(客观需要) 真题1：You play with fire,it's too dangerous.【2022全国乙卷模拟】 A)needn't B)mustn't C)wouldn't D)shan't 答案：B 真题2：-Why didn't you attend the meeting? 一[attend it because I was ill.【2021XX省联考】 A)mustn't B)needn't C)couldn't D)didn't have to 答案：C 考点四：should/ought to的用法 结构：should/ought to表“应该”(ought to语气更强，否定式shouldn't/ought not to); should have done(“本应该做却未做”，表责备或遗憾)；ought to have done同义 例句：You should study harder for the exam.(建议)/He should have told me the truth.(责 备) 真题1：You have told me about the meeting earlier.I missed it..【2023新高考I卷】 A)must B)should C)could D)might 答案：B 真题2：—I failed the exam again 一You_spend so much time playing games.【2022XX市高二质检】 A)needn't B)shouldn't C)wouldn't D)mightn't 答案：B 考点五：will/would的用法 结构：wl表意愿/习惯/预测（用于第二人称疑问句表请求，如Will you..?);wold表 过去习惯(“过去常常”)/委婉请求(Would you..?);would have done(虚拟语气中表 与过去事实相反) 例句：I will help you with your homework.(意愿)/He would get up early when he was yong.(过去习惯)/Would you pass me the salt?(请求) 真题1：一you please close the window?It's cold outside.【2021XX省高考真题】 SuIe】 A)Must B)Should C)Would D)Need 答案：C 真题2：If you had told me the truth,Iyou.【2023XX市高三二模】 A)would believe B)would have believed C)believed D)will believe 答案：B 考点六：need/dare的用法 结构：need作情态动词（用于否定/疑问句，needn't“不必”）：作实义动词(need to do sth./need doing);daue作情态动词（用于否定/疑问句，dared为过去式)；作实义动词 dare to do sth.) 例句：You needn't come so early.(情态动词)/I need to buy a new book.(实义动词)/ She dare not speak in public.(情态动词)/He dares to face difficulties.(实义动词) 真题1：—Need I finish the work today? 一No,you一.You can do it tomorrow.【2022全国甲卷】 A)needn't B)mustn't C)can't D)shouldn't 答案：A 真题2：She didn't dare_(tel)him the bad news.【2021 XX市高二期末语法填空】 答案：tell(或to tell) 考点七：情态动词+have done的用法 结构：must have done(“一定做过某事”，肯定推测)；camt/couldn't have done(“不 可能做过某事”，否定推测)；may/might have done(“可能做过某事”，不确定推测)： should/ought to have done(“本应该做却未做”")；needn't have done(“本不必做却做了”) 例句：He must have arrived home by now..(肯定推测)/You can't have seen her yesterday; she was abroad.(否定推测)/I should have called you.(遗憾)/You needn't have bought so much food.(多余) 真题1：The ground is wet,it rained last night.【2023XX省联考】 A)must have B)should have C)would have D)might have 答案：A 真题2：You_have watered the flowers,.for it will rain soon.【2022XX市高三一模】 A)mustn't B)needn't C)shouldn't D)can't 答案：B 三、考点综合训练 (一)单项选择 1.You be late for class again,or the teacher will be angry. A)needn't B)mustn't C)wouldn't D)mightn't 2.-I borrow your umbrella?It's raining heavily. -Of course,here you are. A)Must B)Should C)May D)Need 3.The door is locked.He have gone out for a walk. A)must B)can C)should D)need 4.You have told me the truth earlier.Now it's too late to fix the problem. A)must B)should C)might D)could 5.If I you,I accept the job offer immediately. A)am;will B)were;would C)was;should D)be;might 6.Shespeak French fluently when she was five years old. A)can B)could C)may D)must 7.You_worry about me.I can take care of myself. A)needn't B)mustn't C)shouldn't D)wouldn't 8.-Why didn't you answer my call? -I have been sleeping,so I didn't hear it. A)must B)may C)can D)should (二)完成句子 1.他们不可能已经到达机场，因为航班延误了。 They at the airport,for the flight was delayed. 2.你本不必买这么多水果，我们冰箱里还有很多。 You so much fruit,we still have plenty in the fridge. 3.如果昨天我知道你的生日，我就会给你买礼物了。 If I your birthday yesterday,Iyou a gift. 4.老师建议我们每天至少花一小时练习英语听力。 The teacher suggested that weat least one hour on English listening every day. 5.他过去常常周末去钓鱼，但现在他更喜欢待在家里。 He_fishing on weekends,but now he prefers staying at home. (三)短文改错 下面短文中共有5处与情态动词相关的错误，请找出并改正 I wish I can speak English as well as native speakers.My teacher suggested that I will join the English club to practice.If I studied harder last term,I would pass the exam.You mustn't have told him about the surprise party,now he knows everything!It is time that we start preparing for the final test. (四)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 A:Hi,Tom.You look tired.You(stay)up late last night? B:Yes,I had to finish my project.I(not finish)it on time without your help last week Thank you! A:You're welcome.By the way,-you please help me carry this box?It's too heavy. B:Sure.But we hury-the meeting starts in 10 minutes. A:I know.If we(leave)earlier,we wouldn't be in such a rush now B:Don't worry.We_arrive on time if we take a taxi. (五)参考答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：1.B2.C3.A4.B5.B6.B7.A8.B 2.完成句子答案： 1.can't have arrived 2.needn't have bought 3.had known;would have bought 4. (should)spend 5.would go 3.短文改错答案： can→could will→should would pass→would have passed mustn't→shouldn't sta1t→sta1ted 4.语法填空答案： must have stayed couldn't have finished Would must had left should/will 英语语法复习手册·选修4·北师大版·Unit11:情态动词