特殊结构与综合语法 省略与替代系统讲解-2025-2026学年高中英语语法考点精讲（全国版）

高中全国版 特殊结构与综合语法考点精讲 语法专练 省略与替代系统讲解 语法专项突破 考点精讲 考点一：简单句中的省略（主谓/主谓宾省略） 规则：结构：对话或并列句中，后句重复前句的主谓或主谓宾成分时可省略，保留剩余部分 例句：一Do you like English?一Yes,Ido.(省略like English) 例题l:真题l:一Would you like to go shopping with me?一一，but I have to finish my homework first.【2022XX市高一期末】 A.I'd like B.I'd like to C.I like D.I do (答案：B) 例题2：真题2：My brother didn't pass the exam,butI.【2021XX省联考】 A.did B.passed C.do D.have (答案：A) 考点二：状语从句中的省略（时间/条件/让步从句） 规则：结构：当从句主语与主句主语一致且含be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，保留” 连词+分词/形容词/介词短语” 例句：While (I was)walking in the street,I met an old friend..(时间从句省略Iwas) 例题l:真题l:in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized he had left his wallet at home. 【2023新高考IⅡ卷】 A.To wait B.Waiting C.Having waited D.Waited (答案：C) 例题2：真题2：Unless_to speak,you should remain silent at the meeting.【2022XX市高三 模】 A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited (答案：A) 考点三：不定式符号o的省略 规则：结构：l.使役动词(let/make/have)和感官动词(see/hear/watch等)后接不定式作宾补时 省略to;2.情态动词后、had better/would rather后省略to 高中全国版 特殊结构与综合语法 考点精讲 例句：I saw him enter the room.(see后省略to)/You'd better finish it today.(had better后省略to) 例题1：真题l:The teacher made usthe text three times.【202lXX省高考真题】 A.read B.to read C.reading D.readed (答案：A) 例题2：真题2：You would rather_TV than read books,wouldn'tyou?【2023X市高二期末】 A.watching B.to watch C.watch D.watched (答案：C) 考点四：替代词it/one/that/those的用法区别 规则：结构：1.it指代同名同物：2.one/ones指代同名异物（泛指，可数）：3.hat/those指代同 名异物（特指，hat接不可数/可数单数，those接可数复数） 例句：I lost my pen yesterday.I'm going to buy a new one..(one指代pel,泛指)/The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai..(that指代weather,特指) 例题l:真题l:The population of China is larger than_of any other country in the world.【2022 全国甲卷】 A.it B.that C.one D.those (答案：B) 例题2：真题2：一Do you have a dictionary?一Yes,Ihave一.【2021XX市高一质检】 A.it B.one C.that D.this (答案：B) 考点五：so/neither/nor引导的倒装替代 规则：结构：so+助动词+主语（肯定，表”后者也如此”)；neither/nor+助动词+主语（否定， 表”后者也不)：$0+主语+助动词（表”的确如此”，不倒装） 例句：He likes English,.and so do I.(我也喜欢)/一Ie finished the work.一So he did.(他确实完成 了) 例题1：真题1：一Idon't like horror movies.一_.They are too scary.【2023新高考I卷】 A.So do I B.Neither do I C.So I do D.Neither I do (答案：B) 例题2：真题2：She passed the exam.一一.She studied very hard..【2022XX省高三联考】 A.So she did B.So did she C.Neither she did D.Neither did she (答案：A) 考点六：比较状语从句中的省略与替代 规则：结构：han/as后常省略与主句重复的部分，可用that/hose替代前文的名词避免重复 例句：This book is more interesting than that(book)I read last week.(省略book)/The students in Class 2 高中全国版 特殊结构与综合语法 考点精讲 1 are more active than those in Class 2.(those students) 例题1：真题l:The weather in summer here is hotter than_in winter.【202lXX市高二期末】 A.it B.one C.that D.this (答案：C) 例题2：真题2：He has more friends than一.【2023XX市高一月考】 A.me B.I C.my D.mine (答案：B) 考点七：not.but.结构中的省略 规则：结构：连接并列成分时，后部分可省略与前部分重复的动词或名词 例句：She is not a teacher but(a)doctor.(省略a)/He likes not reading but(playing)sports.(省略 playing) 例题1：真题l:He is not interested in math in English.【2022XX省模拟】 A.and B.but C.or D.so (答案：B) 例题2：真题2：The problem is not who will go how to go..【2021XX市高三一模】 A.but B.so C.and D.or (答案：A) 考点综合训练 一、 单项选择 1.-Do you think he will come?-I hope_. A.it B.that C.so D.this 2.by the teacher,he decided to study harder. A.Criticizing B.Criticized C.To criticize D.Having criticized 3.My mother told metoo much time playing games A.not to spend B.don't spend C.not spend D.not spending 4.The population of Shanghai is larger than_of Xi'an. A.it B.one C.that D.those 5.-He can speak French fluently. A.So can he B.So he can C.Neither can he D.Neither he can 二、完成句子 1.当被问到时，他总是保持沉默。 3 高中全国版 特殊结构与综合语法考点精讲 he always keeps silent. 2.我弟弟喜欢打篮球，我也是。 My brother likes playing basketball,and 3.这台电脑和我去年买的那台一样贵。 This computer is as expensive as_I bought last year. 4.她宁愿步行也不愿坐公交。 She would rather walk_a bus. 5.要是早点告诉我，我就能帮你了。（省略f的倒装） me earlier,I could have helped you. 三、单项选择 1.Though-tired,he still kept working on the project. A.feeling B.felt C.to feel D.feel 2.My sister prefers reading toTV in her free time. A.watch B.watching C.to watch D.watched 3.The book on the desk is more interesting than on the shelf. A.one B.that C.it D.those 4.-He has never been to Beijing.- A.So have I B.Neither have I C.So I have D.Neither I have 5.The teacher let usthe poem aloud in class yesterday. A.read B.to read C.reading D.reads 四、语法填空 1.When(ask)about his plan,he just smiled and said nothing. 2.This is not my pen.I left(T)at home this morning. 3.She would rather(stay)at home than go out on rainy days. 4.The population of this city is larger than_of that city. 5.You'd better(finish)your homework before dinner. 五、句型转换 l.He did't go to school yesterday.I didn't go to school yesterday,either.(合并为一句) he I went to school yesterday. 4 高中全国版 特殊结构与综合语法考点精讲 2.The manager made the workers work overtime.(改为被动语态) The workers work overtime by the manager 3.She is not a student but a teacher.(对画线部分提间) -she? 4.This film is more exciting than that one.(用as.as改写) That film is notthis one 六、篇章填空My friend Tom is a book lover.He likes reading more than 1.._(play)computer games. Last week,he lost his favorite novel and decided to buy 2.new one.When he went to the bookstore,he met Mary,who 3.(invite)him to join a reading club.Tom was happy to accept the invitation because he thought it would help him make more friends who share the same interest. In the club,members often discuss books they have read.Last Sunday,Tom recommended a science fiction novel,and Mary said she 4.(read)it before."I think it's as interesting as 5.I read last month,"she added.Tom hopes the club will organize more activities,such as book swaps and author meetings,to encourage everyone 6.-(read)more widely. 参考答案 一、单项选择 1.C2.B3.A4.C5.B 二、完成句子 1.When asked 2.so do I 3.the one 4.than take 5.Had you told 三、单项选择 1.A2.B3.B4.B5.A 四、语法填空 1.asked 2.mine 3.stay 4.that 5.finish 五、句型转换 1.Neither;nor 2.were made to 3.What is 4.as exciting as 5 高中全国版 特殊结构与综合语法考点精讲 六、篇章填空 1.playing 2.a 3.invited 4.had read 5.that 6.to read 6