特殊结构与综合语法 省略与替代系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法A版 寒假专版 【专题】省略与替代系统讲解 语法专项突破 考频分析 译林版高中英语特殊结构与综合语法中，省略与替代是重要语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左 右，贯穿试卷核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-2题、阅读理解（间接考 察，影响长难句理解效率)。在语境逻辑类题目中，省略的条件限制及替代词的指代一致性往往是 解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对省略与替代系统的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖语法规则与语境应用： ·基本省略规则：简单句中主语、谓语、宾语的承前省略：并列句中相同成分的省略；复合句 中从句主语与主句主语一致时的省略（如状语从句中主语和b动词的省略） ·替代词的运用：one/ones,that/those指代前文名词的区别与选择：it作形式主语、形式宾语及 指代上文内容的用法：so/hot替代前文所述情况（如I think so,.I hope not). ·语境中的灵活应用：对话中的省略现象（如省略主语、助动词)：书面语中为避免重复的替代 表达：在复杂句式（如定语从句、状语从句）中省略与替代的综合判断 知识点一：省略与替代系统讲解 1.省略（避免重复，使语言简洁) ·常见类型：主语省略（祈使句或上下文明确时）、谓语省略（上下文动词重复时）、宾语省略（宾 语与前文一致时) ·例句： 1.(You)Open the window,please.(祈使句省略主语you) 2.He plays basketball better than I(play basketball).（省略重复谓语play basketball) 2.替代（用替代词替换前文出现的名词或动词短语） 高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】特殊结构与综合语法A版 ·名词替代：one/ones(指代可数名词单数/复数)、that/those(指代不可数名词或特指复数名词) 例句：I need ared pen..Do you have one?(one替代a red pen) The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(that the weather) ·动词替代：do/does/did(替代前文实义动词) 例句：She sings well,and her sister does too.(does替代sings) 3.从句中的省略（状语从句中主从句主语一致且含be动词时） ·常见结构：when/while/if/as等+分词（主动用doing,被动用done) 例句：When (I was)walking in the park,I met an old friend.(省略主语I和was) If(itis)necessary,we will help you.(省略itis) 4.替代词so/neither/nor(表肯定/否定意义的重复) ·用法：so+助动词+主语（肯定”也如此”)：neither/nor+-助动词+主语（否定”也不) 例句： 1.He likes coffee,and so do I.(我也喜欢) 2.She can't swim,and neither can he.(他也不会) 知识点二：省略与替代现象 1.不定式省略（保留o) ·适用场景：上文已出现过实义动词，下文再次提及同一动作时，可省略动词原形，保留不定式符 号to ·例句： l.-Would you like to go shopping with me?一I'd love to(go shopping).（省略go shopping,保 留to) 2.She wanted to buy a book,but her mother told her not to(buy it).(否定形式保留not to) 2.代词替代（避免重复) ·人称代词替代前文名词： 例句：My brother is a teacher.He(替代My brother)works in a middle school ·指示代词替代上文内容： 例句：He said he would come,and that(替代he would come)is true. ·t替代不定式/动名词从句（形式主语/宾语）： 例句：It is important to study hard.(it替代to study hard作形式主语) 高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法A版 3.so/nor/neither替代前文情况（倒装结构) ·so用于肯定句：表示”也一样”，结构为”s0+b/助动词情态动词+主语” 例句：She likes English,and so do I.(so do I表示”我也一样) ·nor/neither用于否定句：表示”也不，结构为”nor/neither+be/助动词情态动词+主语” 例句：He can't swim,and neither can his brother.(neither can his brother表示”他弟弟也不会”) 4.that/hose替代同类事物（避免重复名词） ·hat替代不可数名词或单数可数名词（特指）： 例句：The weather in Beijing is colder than that(替代the weather)in Guangzhou, ·hose替代复数可数名词（特指）： 例句：The books on the desk are newer than those（替代the books)in the box. 5.动词替代(do/does/did替代前文实义动词) ·肯定句中替代实义动词，避免重复： 例句：-He plays basketball every day..一So does his brother.(does替代plays) ·否定句中用don't/doesn't/didn't替代： 例句：I didn't finish homework,and she didn't either.(didn't替代didh't finish homework) 6.状语从句中的省略（主从句主语一致且含be动词） ·when/while/if/as等引导的状语从句：若主从句主语一致且从句含be动词，可省略从句主语和be 动词 例句：When (I am)walking in the park,I saw a bird.(省略Iam) ·hough/although引导的让步状语从句：可省略主语和be动词 例句：Though (he was)tired,he kept working.（省略he was) 知识点三：省略与替代 1.不定式省略（保留to) ·基础用法拓展（中考必背）： 1.动词不定式的省略（上下文重复时)一例句：He wanted to go shopping,but I asked him not to. (to后省略go shopping） 2.情态动词+have+过去分词的省略→例句：You should have finished your homework,but you didn't.(省略finish your homework) 3 高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】特殊结构与综合语法A版 3.感官动词/使役动词后的省略→例句：I saw her enter the room,but she pretended not to.(to后 省略enter the room) 2.代词替代（中考常考) ·one/ones替代可数名词： 例句：I have a red pen,and she has a blue one.(one替代pen) ·hat/those替代不可数名词或可数名词复数： 例句：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai..(that替代weather) ·t作形式主语/形式宾语： 例句：It is easy to learn English.(it作形式主语，真正主语是to learn English) 3.句子结构替代（中考易错） ·so/nor/neither+助动词+主语（表示”也/也不”）： 例句：He likes English,and so do I.(so doI表示”我也喜欢”) ·比较状语从句中的替代（用do/does/did替代前文动词)： 例句：She runs faster than he does.(does替代runs) ·宾语从句中的省略（连接词hat在口语中可省略)： 例句：I think(that)he is right..(that可省略) 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词作宾语辨析 核心：根据语境判断动词后接动名词（表习惯/抽象）还是不定式（表具体/一次性动作） 真题1（语法填空）： She enjoys(read)novels in her free time. 答案：reading 解析：由'in her free time'”可知表习惯爱好，enjoy后接动名词作宾语，read的动名词形式为reading。 真题2（单项选择）： He decided(join)the English club next term A.join B.joining C.to join D.joined 答案：C 解析：由'next term”可知表具体一次性动作，decide后接不定式作宾语，故选tojoin。 考法二：非谓语动词与省略结合 4 高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法A版 核心：根据上下文逻辑及非谓语动词主动/被动关系，判断状语从句中省略结构的正确形式 真题1（语法填空)： While(walk)along the street,she met her old classmate yesterday. 答案：walking 解析：状语从句中主从句主语一致(she),且从句含be动词，符合省略条件；主语she与wak为 主动关系，用现在分词walking。 真题2（单项选择)： If(invite)to the party,I will dress up nicely. A.inviting B.invited C.to invite D.invite 答案：B 解析：状语从句省略了主语I和be动词，I与invite为被动关系，用过去分词invited表被动完成。 考法三：名词性从句中的省略与替代现象 核心：识别名词性从句中省略引导词hat的情况，以及使用it作形式主语/宾语替代从句的用法， 结合替代词so/neither/nor的倒装结构 真题1（单项选择)： It is true he will not come to the meeting today. A.that B.if C.what D.how 答案：A 解析：本句为主语从句，t作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，从句成分完整且意义明确，引 导词用that,that在从句中不充当成分，可省略，但本句中it is true后需用hat引导主语从句。 真题2（语法填空）： She said she would help us,and(so/neither)did she 答案：s0 解析：前文为肯定句'she would help us”,表示”她也确实做到了”，用so+助动词+主语的倒装结 构，s0替代前文情况，符合”s0+助动词+主语”表肯定重复的用法。 解题小妙招 非谓语动词解题招 动名词表习惯抽象，不定式表具体一次性： enjoy mind后接doing,decide want后接todo: 状语从句若省略，主从主语要一致： 主动关系用doing,被动关系用done; 高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法A版 名词性从句中，spend time in doing,it形主todo跟； whether后接不定式，f省略被动用done: 动名分词要分清，主动被动是核心。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My brother suggesteda picnic this weekend. A.have B.having C.to have D.had 2.She was seen the classroom when the bell rang A.leave B.leaving C.to leave D.left 3.The question iswe can finish the project on time. A.if B.that C.whether D.what 4.He prefersbooks at home rather thanout with friends. A.reading;go B.to read;going C.read,to go D.to read;go 5.carefully,the old man walked slowly across the street. A.Watch B.Watching C.Watched D.To watch 6.It is necessaryus hands before meals. A.for;to wash B.of,washing C.for;washing D.of,to wash 7.The news_our team won the game made everyone excited. A.which B.that C.what D.how 8.She can't speak French,and_can her brother. A.so B.neither C.either D.nor 9.-in 1949,Beijing is one of the oldest cities in China. A.Founding B.Founded C.To found D.Found 10.I don't know he will come tomorrow.he comes,I will call you. A.if;Whether B.whether;If C.that;If D.if;That 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He decided(study)abroad next year. 2.My mother often tells me_(not waste)time on computer games. 3.-(learn)English well is important for us. 4.The boy(play)football on the playground is my classmate. 6 高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法A版 5.She was late for school because of(miss)the early bus. 6.If(rain)tomorrow,we will stay at home. 7.He is the first student(arrive)at school every day. 8.My father enjoys(cook)dinner for the family. 9.The teacher asked us _(hand)in our homework on time 10.(see)from the mountain,the city looks very beautiful. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) It was a sunny momning.Many students were busy(prepare)for the coming exam in the classroom.Li Ming,-(sit)by the window,found it hard to focus.Heremembered(promise)his mother to get good grades, but the noise outside made him upset.Suddenly,he heard someone(call)his name.It was his friend Tom, who asked him-(join)a volunteer activity."We need(help)the old people clean their rooms,"Tom said. Li Ming agreed. On the way to the old people's home,Tom told Li Ming that_(volunteer)could not only help others but also improve(they).When they arrived,an old lady thanked them,saying,"You young people are so kind. I really appreciate(you)coming."Li Ming felt happy.He realized that-(give)help to others was more meaningful than worrying about exams. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3.C4.D5.C6.A7B8D9B10B 1.to study 2.not to waste 3.Learning 4.playing 5.missing 6.rains 7.to arrive 8.cooking 9.to hand 10.Seen 1.preparing 2.sitting 3.promising 4.calling 5.to join 6.to help 7.volunteering 8.themselves 9.your 10.giving 7