特殊结构与综合语法 省略与替代系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中外研版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 语法专版 【专题】省略与替代系统讲解 语法系统讲解 考频分析 高中外研版中，省略与替代是重点语法模块，考频占特殊结构与综合语法总量的15%左右，贯穿 试卷核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、阅读理解（辅助理解 长难句，提升阅读速度)。在语境理解类题目中，省略的逻辑关系及替代词的准确运用往往是解题 关键。 考查内容 。基本省略规则：简单句中主语、谓语、宾语的承前省略，并列句中相同成分的省略，复合句中从句 主语与主句一致时的主语和be动词省略 。替代词用法：one/ones,that/hose,it的指代对象辨析与句法功能，so/hot替代前文内容的固定搭配 I think so,I hope not) 。语境应用技巧：对话场景中的省略回答（如”Got it''Mtoo”),书面语中避免重复的替代策略，复 杂句式中省略与替代对句子结构优化的作用 知识点一：省略与替代系统讲解 1.省略（避免重复，使语言简洁） 1.常见类型 。简单句中省略主语（祈使句） ·省略谓语动词 ·省略宾语或表语 ●复合句中省略从句主语和be动词 2.例句： ·(Youw)Open the door,,please.(省略主语You) 。He likes reading,and she((likes reading)too.(省略谓语动词及宾语) 1 高中外研版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 ·If(iti母necessary,we will go there.(省略从句主语it和be动词is) 2.替代（用替代词替换前文出现的名词、动词或句子） 1.常见替代词： 。one/ones(替代可数名词) ·that/hose(替代不可数名词或特指的可数名词复数) ·do/does/did(替代实义动词) ·s0(替代肯定句) ●not(替代否定句) 2.例句： ·I need ared pen.Do you have one?(one替代可数名词pen) ●The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(that替代不可数名词weather) ·He works harder than she does..(does替代实义动词works) 。-Will it rain tomorrow?—I think so.(so替代肯定句it will rain tomorrow) 知识点二：省略与替代常见结构及用法 1.不定式省略（保留o,省略动词原形) 1.适用场景：上文已出现过相同动词，避免重复 2.标志：常见于hope,want,ty,plan,like,love等词后 3.例句： ·-Would you like to go shopping with me?一Yes,I'd love to.(省略go shopping,保留to) ●She didn't finish her homework,but she promised to.(省略finish her homework,保留to) 2.so/nor/neither替代（代替上文陈述的情况） 1.规则： 。$0用于肯定句 ·nor/neither用于否定句 2.结构：so/nor/neither+be动词/助动词情态动词+主语（倒装） 3.例句： ·Tom likes English,and so does Mary.(May也喜欢，肯定替代) 。He can't speak French,.nor can his brother.(他弟弟也不会，否定替代) 高中外研版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 3.t作形式主语/宾语替代（避免句子头重脚轻） 1.形式主语：替代不定式、动名词或从句（真正主语后置） 。结构：It+be+形容词/名词+(for sb)to do sth./that从句 ·例句 l.It is important to learn English well..(真正主语：to learn English well) 2.It's a pity that he missed the meeting.(真正主语：that he missed the meeting) 2.形式宾语：替代不定式或从句（常见于find,think,make等动词后） 。结构：主语+动词+it+形容词+to do sth./hat从句 ●例句： 1.I find it easy to solve this problem.(真正宾语：to solve this problem) 2.She made it clear that she would leave.（真正宾语：that she would leave) 4.名词性替代（one/ones替代前文提到的可数名词) 1.规则： ·one替代单数可数名词 ·ones替代复数可数名词（表泛指） 2.例句： ●I need a pen.Can you lend me one?(one替代apen) ·These books are old.I want to buy new ones.(ones替代books) 5.状语从句省略（主句主语与从句主语一致，省略从句主语和be动词） 1.适用类型：时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句(if,when,while,.though等引导) 2.例句： ●When(he was)walking in the street,.he met an old friend.(省略he was) ●If(it is)necessary,I will help you.(省略itis) ●Though(heis)young,she knows a lot..(省略she is) 知识点三：省略与替代 1.简单句中的省略（中考基础） 1.基础省略结构（高频考点）： 3 高中外研版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 。省略主语（祈使句）→例句：Open the door,please..(省略主语you) 。省略谓语动词（上下文已知）→例句：一Do you like coffee?一Yes,Ido.(do替代like coffee) ·省略宾语（避免重复）→例句：He bought a book,and she did too.(did替代bought a book) 。省略表语（与上文一致）→例句：一Is she a student?一Yes,she is.(is后省略a student) 2.复合句中的替代（中考核心) 1.代词替代（避免重复)： 。one/ones替代可数名词→例句：I have a red pen.Do you have one?(one替代pen) ●that/those替代不可数名词或可数名词复数→例句：The weather here is better than that in the north. (that替代weather） 。so替代上文内容（肯定）neither/nor(否定)→例句：一He can speak French.一So can I..(so替 代”can speak French”) 3.固定句型中的省略（中考易错） 1.常见省略结构： ●Why not+do(为什么不做)→例句：Why not go to the park this afternoon?(省略主语和助动词) 。had better+do(最好做)→例句：You had better finish your homework first.(had better后省略to) 。would rather+do(宁愿做)→例句：I would rather stay at home than go out.(than后省略动词原 形g0) 考法精析 考法一：定语从句关系代词辨析 核心：根据先行词的性质（人/物)、在从句中所作成分（主语/宾语/定语）及特殊限制条件（如最高 级修饰、非限制性定语从句)，选择正确的关系代词 真题1（语法填空)： The girl_is talking to our teacher is Lucy's sister. 答案：who 解析：先行词为the girl(指人)，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who。 真题2（完形填空）： This is the novel-my mother gave me as a birthday gift. A.who B.which C.whose D.where 答案：B 解析：先行词为the novel(指物)，在从句中作gave的宾语，故用关系代词which。 考法二：定语从句与省略的综合运用 高中外研版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 核心：在定语从句中识别并运用关系代词/副词的省略规则，结合上下文判断是否符合省略条件（如 关系代词作宾语时可省略，关系副词在特定情况下的简化) 真题1（语法填空)： The girl-we met yesterday is from Canada. 答案：不填that/whom 解析：先行词the girl指人，定语从句中met后缺少宾语，关系代词that/whom可省略，故此处可填 that/whom或直接省略。 真题2（单项选择)： This is the museum_we visited last year. A.where B.which C.what D.who 答案：B 解析：先行词nuseum指物，定语从句中visited后缺少宾语，关系代词which可作宾语(that也可 选，但选项中无hat),where作状语不符合此处成分需求，故选B。 考法二：名词性从句与替代的综合运用 核心：在名词性从句中正确使用替代词（如so/ot替代句子、what替代名词性成分），区分替代词 与从句引导词的功能差异 真题1（语法填空)： -Do you think he will come? -I hope_. 答案：s0 解析：hope后接so替代前文的肯定句he will come,构成I hope so的固定表达。 真题2（单项选择）： -he said at the meeting surprised everyone. A.That B.What C.Which D.It 答案：B 解析：主语从句中缺少said的宾语，what可充当宾语表示”.的内容”，that无意义不充当成分， which需后接名词，it不能引导从句，故选B。 考法二：定语从句与名词性从句的引导词辨析 核心：区分定语从句（修饰先行词，需关系词指代先行词）与名词性从句（充当句子成分，引导词 无指代功能)的引导词选用规则 真题1（语法填空)： The fact_he won the prize made his parents proud. 答案：that 解析：此处为同位语从句（解释fact的内容），从句不缺成分，用hat引导（不可省略），区别于定 语从句中that需指代先行词。 真题2（单项选择)： This is the houseI lived ten years ago. 5 高中外研版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 A.that B.what C.where D.which 答案：C 解析：先行词house指地点，定语从句中lived后缺少地点状语，用where引导(=in which):若为 名词性从句（如表语从句）则用what,但此处有先行词house,故为定语从句，选C。 考法三：名词性从句与省略、替代的综合应用 核心：识别名词性从句中的引导词，结合省略结构（如不定式省略）和替代词（如$o/t)的用法 真题1（单项选择)： The teacher said that it was necessary_hard and we all promised_. A.studying;doing B.to study,to C.study,so D.studied;it 答案：B 解析：第一空为it作形式主语的名词性从句结构，真正主语为不定式to study hard(It is necessary to do sth.):第二空为不定式省略，promised后省略study hard,保留to。 真题2（语法填空)： Idon't know if he will come,but I hope一.（用替代词填空） 答案：s0 解析：此处用so替代上文he will come'”的肯定情况，符合hope so'”结构，避免重复。 解题小妙招 定语从句妙招 先行词是人用who/whom,物用which/that: 作主语who/which/that,宾语可省that/whom: 定语用whose,.地点where时间when: 最高级或有序数，只用that不用which: 非限从句逗号隔，which指代整个句。 名词性从句妙招 主宾表同名词性，引导词来判别清： 缺主宾表用what,不缺成分用that: 是否if/whether,疑问词也能引导： hope so/hot替代，避免重复更简洁。 综合运用妙招 定从名从要区分，定从前有先行词： 名从充当句成分，引导词无指代义： 省略现象要留意，宾从that可省去： 虚拟语气should省，复合句式细分析。 6 高中外研版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is the village-my grandparents lived for 50 years. A.which B.where C.that D.what 2.-Will it snow this weekend? -I hope.We need more water for the crops. A.it B.so C.not D.that 3.The question is_we can finish the project before the deadline. A.if B.that C.whether D.what 4.She bought a new dress,-cost her 300 dollars. A.which B.that C.it D.what 5.-he said at the meeting yesterday surprised all of us. A.That B.Which C.What D.How 6.This is the best movieI have ever seen. A.which B.that C.what D.who 7.The reason_he failed the exam is that he didn't study hard. A.why B.which C.what D.how 8.I still remember the day_we first traveled abroad together. A.which B.when C.where D.that 9.He asked me_I would like to go hiking with him this Sunday A.that B.what C.if D.who 10.The book-cover is red belongs to my sister. A.which B.whose C.who D.that 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.If(necessary),we will postpone the meeting to next Monday. 2.She likes playing the piano,and her brother-too. 3.The girl-we met in the park yesterday is a famous singer. 4.I don't know_he will arrive tomorrow. 5.This is the penI wrote the letter to my parents 6.The facthe won the competition made his family very happy 7.-Do you think she will come to the party? —I think一. 7 高中外研版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 8.He didn't tell me the timehe would leave for Beijing. 9._you said just now made me very angry. 10.The house_windows face south is very bright. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Have you ever wondered about the history of the school_you are studying now?Many schools have stories-make them unique.For example,there is a school in my hometown_was built in 1920.The reason it has survived for over 100 years is its strong structure and the care of the local people. One interesting thing about this school is_it once served as a hospital during World War II.The old teacher_worked there in the 1950s often told us stories about how students and doctors lived together.She said the days-they spent helping the wounded were the most meaningful in her life. Nowadays,the school still stands,and many students-parents studied there now attend it.People say_ this school is not just a building,but a symbol of hope.-(walk)through its old doors,you can almost feel the history and the spirit of the people who once lived and worked here. 答案区 演练-：1B2.B3.C4.A5.C6B7.A8B9.C10B 演练二：1 necessary2.does3.(that/whom/不填)4.if/whether5.with which6.that7.so8.when9.What 10.whose 1.where 2.which/that 3.which/that 4.why 5.that 6.who/that 7.which/that 8.whose 9.that 10.Walk- ing 8