句法 句子基本类型与成分讲解-2025-2026学年高中英语语法考点精讲（全国版）

高中全国版 【寒假专版】B版考点精讲 寒假专版 句子基本类型与成分讲解 句法专项突破 考点精讲 考点一：主语的判定与核心成分识别 结构：句子中表示动作执行者或被描述对象的成分，通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或从句 担任 真题1：一is necessary for everyone to learn basic life skills..【2023新高考Ⅱ卷】 A What B That C It D Which(答案：C) 真题2：Playing basketball with friends(主语)一me relaxed after school..【2022XX市高一期末】 A make B makes C making D to make (答案：B) 考点二：谓语动词的时态与语态搭配 结构：谓语需体现动作的时间（一般现在过去/将来时等）和状态（主动/被动语态），注意主谓 一致 真题l:My brother一in this factory since he graduated from college.【2o23全国甲卷】 A works B worked C has worked D will work(答案：C) 真题2：A new library一in our school next year..【2022XX省高二联考】 A builds B will build C is built d will be built (答案：D) 考点三：宾语及双宾语结构辨析 结构：及物动词后接动作承受者（直接宾语），部分动词(give/show等)可接间接宾语+直接宾 语 真题1：Could you please tell_the way to the nearest post office?【2021XX市高三一模】 Amy B I C me D mine(答案：C) 真题2：The teacher asked us._attention to the pronunciation of the new words.【2023XX省期末 考】 A pay B paying C to pay D paid (答案：C) 考点四：定语的句法功能与位置规律 1 高中全国版 【寒假专版】 B版考点精讲 结构：修饰名词/代词的成分，形容词通常前置，从句分词短语等通常后置 真题1：This is the house_Lu Xun once lived in.【2022新高考I卷】 A which B who C whom D whose(答案：A) 真题2：We visited a museum with many一paintings last weekend..【2021XX市高一期末】 A value B valuable C valuably D values (答案：B) 考点五：状语的类型及位置特征 结构： 修饰动词/形容词/句子，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等，可由副词/介词短语/从句担任 真题l:_it rained heavily,we still went to the concert on time.【2023XX省高三联考】 A If B Though C Because D Unless(答案：B) 真题2：He runs_fast that no one in his class can catch up with him.【2022XX市高二质检】 A so B such C very D too (答案：A) 考点六：简单句的五种基本句型转换 结构：1.主谓(S+V) 2.主谓宾(S+V+0) 3.主系表(S+LinkV+P) 4.主谓双宾(S+V+IO+D0) 5.主谓宾补(S+V+O+C) 真题1：The news made us一.（主谓宾补）【2021XX省高考真题】 A happy B happily C to happy D happiness(答案：A) 真题2：My mother often tells me stories before bedtime..(句型判断)【2023XX市期末考】 AS+VBS+V+OCS+V+IO+DODS+V+O+C(答案：C) 考点七：长难句的成分划分技巧 结构：通过找谓语动词确定分句主干，再逐层分析修饰成分（定语/状语） 真题l:The boy who is standing under the tree is my brother..(主句主干)【2022XX市高三二模】 A The boy is my brother B who is standing under the tree C standing under the tree D my brother is standing(答案：A) 真题2：一she finished her homework,she went out to play with her friends.【2023X市高二期 末】 A Before B After C While D As(答案：B) 高中全国版 【寒假专版】 B版考点精讲 考点综合训练 一、单项选择 1.is important for students to develop independent learning skills. A.This B.That C.It D.What 2.The novel_by a famous writer in the 1980s has been translated into 10 languages. A.write B.wrote C.written D.writing 3.Our teacher advised us_more attention to the usage of conjunctions. A.pay B.to pay C.paying D.paid 4.He ran fast that he won the 100-meter race easily. A.so B.such C.very D.too 5.By the time we got to the cinema,the film-for 10 minutes A.has begun B.began C.had been on D.was on 6.This is the museum_we visited during last summer vacation. A.where B.which C.who D.whose 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My best friend,Lily,-(love)reading since she was a child.Last week,she-(lend)me a book about environmental protection.The book,-(write)by a scientist,explains how human activities affect the planet.I found it_(extreme)interesting and decided to recommend it to my classmates.Lily often tells me that reading not only_(open)our minds but also helps us understand the world better. 三、句型转换 按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。 1.Tom gave me a beautiful card on my birthday.(改为被动语态) A beautiful cardme by Tom on my birthday. 2.The girl who is wearing a blue coat is my cousin.(改为简单句) The girl .is my cousin 3.HIe finished his homework.Then he went to bed..(合并为一句，用after引导) He went to bed_his homework. 4.The film is very exciting.All of us want to watch it again.so...that The film is_all of us want to watch it again. 四、篇章填空 阅读下面短文，从方框内选择适当的单词并用其正确形式填空（每词限用一次）。 3 高中全国版 【寒假专版】 B版考点精讲 solve,valuable,though,carefully,tell,learn Last month,our class held a discussion about"How to-problems in daily life".Our teacherus to share our experiences.Amy,a-classmate,talked about how she helped her neighbor fix a broken bike the process was difficult,she didn't give up.She suggested that we should thinkand ask for help when necessary.I realized that we can_a lot from helping others. 参考答案 一、单项选择 1.C2.C3.B4.A5.C6.B 二、语法填空 1.has loved 2.lent 3.written 4.extremely 5.opens 三、句型转换 1.was given to 2.wearing a blue coat 3.after he finished 4.so exciting that 四、篇章填空 1.solve 2.told 3.valuable 4.Though 5.carefully 6.learn 4