Unit4语法讲解及习题_一般过去时与一般将来时的被动语态-2025- 2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

沪教（牛津）英语八下Unit4语法讲解及习题 一般过去时与一般将来时的被动语态 一、语法概念 被动语态用于强调动作的承受者，本单元重点学习一般过去时的被动语态（描述过去发生的被动动作）和一般将来时的被动语态（描述将来会发生的被动动作），是描述文化遗产、艺术活动等场景的常用语法。 二、详细用法讲解 1. 一般过去时的被动语态 结构 由“was/were + 动词过去分词”构成，be动词的选择依据主语的单复数： 单数主语（he/she/it/单数名词）：was + 过去分词 复数主语（we/you/they/复数名词）：were + 过去分词 例句 The painting was damaged by fire.（这幅画被火烧毁了。） His family name was changed from Lu to Huang.（他的姓氏从陆改成了黄。） 2. 一般将来时的被动语态 结构 由“will be + 动词过去分词”构成（适用于所有主语，无单复数变化）。 例句 The winners will be announced this afternoon.（获奖者将在今天下午公布。） The artist will be invited to give a talk.（这位艺术家将被邀请做讲座。） 3. 用法场景 一般过去时被动语态：描述过去发生的被动事件（如艺术作品的历史、传统工艺的传承）； 一般将来时被动语态：描述未来计划中的被动动作（如艺术展览的安排、文化活动的筹备）。 三、习题训练 （一）用所给动词的正确形式（被动语态）填空 1. Granny Chen’s first art show ___________ (hold) at the local library last year. 2. Dozens of her paintings ___________ (put) on display in the show. 3. The post about Granny Chen ___________ (share) by thousands of people online. 4. Her inbox ___________ (fill) with kind messages from across the country. 5. The students’ parents ___________ (invite) to the opening next month. 6. Some of her paintings ___________ (sell) online, and the money ___________ (donate) to a children’s arts programme. 7. The competition ___________ (win) by a 17-year-old artist last week. 8. The old painting ___________ (damage) by fire, but it ___________ (repair) next year. 9. Huang Gongwang’s best works ___________ (create) near the Fuchun River. 10. The new art exhibition ___________ (open) to the public in two weeks. （二）将主动句转换为被动句 1. Fire damaged the ancient painting.（一般过去时） → _____________________________________________________________________ 2. We will announce the winners this afternoon.（一般将来时） → _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Huang Le adopted Lu Jian when he was young.（一般过去时） → _____________________________________________________________________ 4. They will invite the artist to the opening.（一般将来时） → _____________________________________________________________________ 5. People changed Lu Jian’s family name to Huang.（一般过去时） → _____________________________________________________________________ 6. We will put all the paintings on display for two weeks.（一般将来时） → _____________________________________________________________________ 7. Thousands of people shared the post about Granny Chen.（一般过去时） → _____________________________________________________________________ 8. The school will hold another art show next month.（一般将来时） → _____________________________________________________________________ 9. The judges chose a 17-year-old as the winner.（一般过去时） → _____________________________________________________________________ 10. We will donate the money to a children’s arts programme.（一般将来时） → _____________________________________________________________________ （三）选择正确的选项 1. Huang Gongwang’s best paintings ___________ near the Fuchun River. A. created B. were created C. are created 2. The winners ___________ this afternoon, so let’s wait for the result. A. will be announced B. were announced C. are announced 3. Granny Chen’s first art show ___________ at the local library last year. A. holds B. held C. was held 4. The old painting ___________ by fire, but it ___________ next year. A. damaged; will repair B. was damaged; will be repaired C. is damaged; repairs 5. The students’ parents ___________ to the art show opening next month. A. will invite B. are invited C. will be invited （四）用被动语态完成短文 根据短文语境，用括号内动词的“一般过去时/一般将来时被动语态”形式填空。 Huang Gongwang was a famous Chinese painter. He ___________ (1. adopt) by Huang Le when he was young, and his family name ___________ (2. change) from Lu to Huang. Most of his famous landscapes ___________ (3. paint) after his 70th birthday. Now, his works ___________ (4. show) in museums around the world. Next year, a new exhibition of his paintings ___________ (5. hold) in Hangzhou. （五）翻译句子 将下列句子翻译成英文（需包含对应的被动语态）。 1. 这幅古画去年被修复好了。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 艺术展览将在下个月的图书馆举办。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. 黄公望的姓氏从陆改成了黄。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. 获奖者将在今天下午公布。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. 陈奶奶的画作将被捐赠给儿童艺术项目。 _____________________________________________________________________ 四、答案及解析 （一）用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. was held（一般过去时，主语show是单数） 2. were put（一般过去时，主语paintings是复数） 3. was shared（一般过去时，主语post是单数） 4. was filled（一般过去时，主语inbox是单数） 5. will be invited（一般将来时） 6. will be sold; will be donated（一般将来时，两个动作均为未来被动） 7. was won（一般过去时，主语competition是单数） 8. was damaged; will be repaired（前半句一般过去时，后半句一般将来时） 9. were created（一般过去时，主语works是复数） 10. will be opened（一般将来时） （二）将主动句转换为被动句 1. The ancient painting was damaged by fire. 2. The winners will be announced this afternoon. 3. Lu Jian was adopted by Huang Le when he was young. 4. The artist will be invited to the opening. 5. Lu Jian’s family name was changed to Huang. 6. All the paintings will be put on display for two weeks. 7. The post about Granny Chen was shared by thousands of people. 8. Another art show will be held by the school next month. 9. A 17-year-old was chosen as the winner by the judges. 10. The money will be donated to a children’s arts programme. （三）选择正确的选项 1. B（描述过去的被动动作，主语works是复数，用were created） 2. A（描述未来的被动动作，用will be announced） 3. C（描述过去的被动动作，主语show是单数，用was held） 4. B（前半句是过去被动，后半句是未来被动） 5. C（描述未来的被动动作，用will be invited） （四）用被动语态完成短文 1. was adopted（一般过去时，主语he是单数） 2. was changed（一般过去时，主语family name是单数） 3. were painted（一般过去时，主语works是复数） 4. are shown（一般现在时被动，描述客观事实） 5. will be held（一般将来时） （五）翻译句子 1. The ancient painting was repaired last year.（一般过去时被动） 2. The art exhibition will be held in the library next month.（一般将来时被动） 3. Huang Gongwang’s family name was changed from Lu to Huang.（一般过去时被动） 4. The winners will be announced this afternoon.（一般将来时被动） 5. Granny Chen’s paintings will be donated to the children’s arts programme.（一般将来时被动） ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $