特殊结构与综合语法1-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（重大版）

高中语法重庆大学版 【专题专版】 语法全解 语法专版 【专题】特殊结构与综合语法 重庆大学版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 高中重庆大学版中，特殊结构与综合语法是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试 卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空3-2题、书面表达核心考察，直接 影响句子结构复杂性与表达多样性。在语境综合类题目中，特殊句式的灵活运用及语法知识的交叉 融合往往是解题关键。 考查内容 虚拟语气是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的10%左右，主要分布在试卷部分核心题 型：单项选择1-2题、完形填空1-2题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达（辅助考察，影响句子语气表 达的准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，虚拟语气的时态搭配及语境判断往往是解题关键。 知识点一：虚拟语气 1.考察维度 1.基本结构与时间对应： 。与现在事实相反：f+过去式，主句would/could+-动词原形 。与过去事实相反：f+had+过去分词，主句would/could-+have+过去分词 ●与将来事实相反：if+过去式were to do/should do,主句would/could+动词原形 2.特殊句式应用： ·wish后的宾语从句：现在用过去式、过去用had+过去分词、将来用would+-动词原形 ·as if/though引导从句的虚拟形式 ·if only引导感叹句的虚拟表达 3.情态动词的虚拟用法： ·should+动词原形用于suggest/insist/demand等后的宾语从句(should可省略) 1 高中语法重庆大学版 【专题专版】 语法全解 。it is important/necessary that从句中的should虚拟结构 知识点二：非谓语动词 1.动词不定式(todo) 1.功能： 。作主语（表具体动作） 。作宾语（跟在want/hope/decide等动词后） ·宾语补足语（跟在ask/tell/teach等动词后) 。目的状语（表”为了”） 2.结构： 。基本形式：to+动词原形 。否定式：not to+动词原形 3.例句： ●To learn English well is important.(作主语) 。She wants to buy a new pen..（作宾语) ·My mother asks me to clean my room.(作宾语补足语) ·He gets up early to catch the first bus.(作目的状语) 2.动名词(doing） 1.功能： ·作主语（表习惯性动作) ·作宾语（跟在enjoy/finish/practice/mind等动词后） ·介词宾语（跟在in/on/by/at等介词后） 2.结构：动词原形+ing 3.例句： ●Swimming is good for health.(作主语) ·They enjoy listening to music.(作宾语) 。He is good at playing basketball.(作介词宾语) 3.现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done) 1.功能： 2 高中语法重庆大学版 【专题专版】 语法全解 ·作定语（修饰名词） ·作表语（说明主语特征/状态) ·宾语补足语（跟在se/hear/watch等动词后） 2.区别： ·现在分词：表主动/进行（与被修饰词是主动关系） ·过去分词：表被动/完成（与被修饰词是被动关系） 3.例句： ·The running boy is my brother.(现在分词作定语) ●The broken window was repaired yesterday..(过去分词作定语) ·The news is exciting.(现在分词作表语) 。I am interested in English.(过去分词作表语) 。I saw her dancing in the park.(现在分词作宾语补足语) ·He heard the song sung in English.(过去分词作宾语补足语) 知识点三：特殊句式 1.倒装句 1.基础结构： 。S0+助动词情态动词+主语(…也一样) 例句：She likes English,and so do I. ●Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词+主语(…也不) 例句：He can't swim,nor can his brother. 。Oly+状语+助动词情态动词+主语（只有…才) 例句：Only in this way can we solve the problem. 2.强调句 1.固定结构： ●It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他（强调人用who,其他用that) 例句：It was Tom who helped me yesterday. ●It is/was not until..that（直到…才) 例句：It was not until midnight that he came back. 3.祈使句 3 高中语法重庆大学版 【专题专版】 语法全解 1.形式： 。动词原形开头（肯定） 例句：Open the window,please.. ·Don't+动词原形（否定） 例句：Don't be late for class. ·Let's+动词原形（提出建议） 例句：Let's go shopping this afternoon. 考法精析 考法一：虚拟语气的其他重要场景 1.asif/as though后的虚拟语气： 。与现在事实相反：as if/as though+主语+动词过去式(be动词用were) 例句：He talks as if he knew(know)everything 。与过去事实相反：as if/as though+主语+had+过去分词 例句：She cried as though she had lost(lose)her best friend ·与将来事实相反：as if/as though+主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形 例句：It looks as if the sun would come out(come out)soon 2.名词性从句中的虚拟语气： 。结构：名词+that+主语+(should)+动词原形(should可省略) 例句：His suggestion is that we(should hold)(hold)a meeting. 3.f条件句与真实条件句的对比： ·虚拟条件句（与事实相反） 例句：IfI were (be)a bird,I would fly(fly)around the world. 。真实条件句（可能实现的假设） 例句：If it rains (rain)tomorrow,we will stay(stay)at home. 考法二：f条件句虚拟语气的时态匹配 核心：根据语境判断与现在、过去或将来事实相反的假设，选择正确的从句和主句动词形式 真题1（语法填空）： IfI(be)you,I(take)the job.But you always refuse good opportunities. 答案：were would take 解析：由'you always refuse”可知与现在事实相反，从句be动词用were,主句用would-+动词原形 take. 4 高中语法重庆大学版 【专题专版】 语法全解 真题2（完形填空）： If she harder,she would have passed the exam last month. A.studies B.studied C.had studied D.would study 答案：C 解析：由'last month''和'would have passed''可知与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时had studied。 考法三：虚拟语气综合应用 核心：结合语境判断虚拟语气的时间维度，识别非谓语动词在虚拟语境中的功能 真题1（单项选择)： I wish I-(learn)French when I was young.Now I find it hard to communicate with local people during my trip A.learn B.learned C.had learned D.would learn 答案：C 解析：wish后的宾语从句表与过去事实相反的愿望，结构为had+过去分词”。 真题2（语法填空）： The teacher suggested that we(finish)the project by Friday,otherwise we(miss)the chance to present 达 答案：(should)finish would miss 解析：第一空suggest表”建议”时用虚拟结构；第二空otherwise引导含蓄虚拟语气。 解题小妙招 虚拟语气解题妙招： 虚拟语气看时间，事实相反是关键： 与现相反主would动原，从句过去be用were: 与过相反主would have done,从句had加过去分词： wsh后接虚拟时，时间不同形有异， 过去愿望had done,现在过去did/were; 含蓄虚拟藏语境，but/without来提示； if省略可倒装，had/were/should提句首； suggest//order宾从里，should加动原should可略。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择 1.I wish I the meeting yesterday,but I was too busy.If I time,I would have come. A.attended;had had B.had attended;had had C.attended;had D.had attended;have 高中语法重庆大学版 【专题专版】 语法全解 答案：B 2.it not been for your help,we _(fail)the project last month.The manager suggested we(hold)a celebration party now. 答案：Had;would have failed;(should)hold 答案区 演练一： 1.B 2.Had;would have failed;(should)hold 6