内容正文:
高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
基础动词用法
语法专版
【专题】基础动词用法
重庆大学版高中英语语法全解
考频分析
重庆大学版高中语法中,基础动词用法是重点语法模块,考频占词法总量的20%左右,贯穿试卷
所有核心题型:单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达(核心考察,直接
影响句子完整性与准确性)。在语境理解类题目中,动词的时态、语态及词义辨析往往是解题关键。
考查内容
谓语动词分类系统讲解是高中英语语法的重要模块,考频占语法总量的15%左右,贯穿试卷所有
核心题型:单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察,直接影响句
子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中,谓语动词的时态、语态、主谓一致及词义辨析往往是解
题关键。
知识点一:谓语动词的三大维度
1.动词分类应用:系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词的辨析与功能
2.时态与语态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过
去完成时、将来完成时的基本结构与语境匹配,主动语态与被动语态的转换
3.主谓一致:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致原则在不同句式中的应用
知识点二:情态动词基本用法及常见误区
1.can/could(能力、许可、推测)
。表示能力(现在过去)
结构:can+动词原形(现在):could+动词原形(过去)
例句:
1.She can speak three languages.(现在能力,can+speak)
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高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
基础动词用法
2.I could swim when I was five.(过去能力,could+swim)
·表示许可(口语中)
结构:Can/Could I..?(请求):You can.(允许)
例句:
1.Could I borrow your pen?(委婉请求,could+borrow)
2.You can leave early today..(允许,can+leave)
·表示推测(否定/疑问,可能性较低)
结构:can't+动词原形(不可能):Can..?(难道.?)
例句:
1.He can't be at home now.(否定推测,can't+be)
2.Can this be true?(疑问推测,Can+be)
2.may/might(许可、推测、请求)
。表示许可(正式/书面)
结构:MayI.?(请求):You may..(允许)
例句:
1.May I come in?(正式请求,may+come)
2.You may use the computer.(允许,may+use)
·表示推测(肯定句,可能性低于ust)
结构:may/might+动词原形(可能)
例句:
1.It may rain tomorrow.(现在推测,may+rain)
2.She might have left already.(对过去推测,night+have left)
·表示请求(might更委婉)
例句:
1.Might I ask your name?(委婉请求,night+-ask)
3.must/have to(必须、肯定推测)
·表示必须(主观/客观)
结构:must+动词原形(主观必须):have to+动词原形(客观必须,有人称时态变化)
例句:
l.We must study hard..(主观,nust+study)
2.He has to work late today.(客观,has to+work)
高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
基础动词用法
。表示肯定推测(可能性极高)
结构:must+动词原形(现在):must have+过去分词(过去)
例句:
l.She must be a teacher.(现在推测,must+be)
2.They must have arrived by now.(过去推测,must have+-arrived)
。否定形式区别
nustn't(禁止):don't have to(不必)
例句:
l.You mustn't smoke here.(禁止,nustn't+smoke)
2.You don't have to come early..(不必,don't have to+come)
4.need/had better(需要、建议)
。need作情态动词(否定/疑问)
结构:neeh't+动词原形(不必):Need.?(需要吗?)
例句:
l.You needn't wait for me.(不必,needn't+wait)
2.Need I finish it today?(疑间,Need+finish)
●had better(最好做某事)
结构:had better+动词原形(肯定):had better not+动词原形(否定)
例句:
l.You'd better take an umbrella.(肯定建议,had better+-take)
2.You'd better not go alone.(否定建议,had better not-+go)
5.常见误区警示
·can和be able to区别:can只有现在/过去时,be able to有各种时态
例句:We will be able to finish the task.(将来时用be able to)
。nust和have to区别:must无过去时,过去时用had to
例句:I had to walk home yesterday..(过去客观必须用had to)
·may和might表推测:might可能性比may低,对过去推测用may/might have done
例句:She might have forgotten the meeting.(过去可能性低)
知识点三:基础动词时态
1.一般现在时
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高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
基础动词用法
。基础用法拓展:
1.表示经常性、习惯性动作→例句:She gets up at6:30 every morning,
2.表示客观真理或事实一→例句:The earth goes around the sun,.
3.主语为第三人称单数时动词变化→例句:He plays football after school
4.用于时间/条件状语从句(主将从现)→例句:If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home..
5.表示状态或特征→例句:This coat feels soft.
。标志词积累:
l.always(总是)→例句:My mother always cooks breakfast for me
2.usually(通常)→例句:They usually go to the park on Sundays.
3.often(经常)→例句:He often reads books in the library.
4.sometimes(有时)→例句:Sometimes I walk to school.
5.never(从不)→例句:She never eats junk food.
2.一般过去时
·基础用法拓展:
l.表示过去发生的动作或状态一例句:I visited the Great Wall last summer.
2.表示过去经常性、习惯性动作→例句:He often played basketball when he was young,
3.用于since引导的时间状语(主句现在完成时)→例句:We have lived here since20l0
4.动词不规则变化(核心)→例句:She bought a new bike yesterday.(buy一bought)
·标志词积累:
l.yesterday(昨天)→例句:I went shopping yesterday.
2.last week(上周)→例句:They had a party last week
3.two days ago(两天前)→例句:He came to Beijing two days ago
4.in2019(在2019年)→例句:She graduated from high school in2019.
5.just now(刚才)→例句:The teacher left the classroom just now.
3.一般将来时
。基础用法拓展:
l.will+动词原形(表将来)→例句:I will go to college next year.
2.be going to+动词原形(计划/打算做)一→例句:We are going to have a picnic this weekend.
3.there be句型的将来时→例句:There will be a football match tomorrow.
4.瞬间动词用现在进行时表将来一→例句:The bus is coming soor1.
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高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
基础动词用法
。标志词积累:
1.tomorrow(明天)一→例句:She will visit her grandparents tomorrow.
2.next month(下个月)→例句:We will have a school trip next month
3.in the future(将来)→例句:People will live on the moon in the future.
4.soon(很快)→例句:The party will start soon.
5.this evening(今晚)→例句:I will watch a movie this evening
解题小妙招
考法三:谓语动词与非谓语动词的混合辨析及应用
·核心:区分句中谓语动词与非谓语动词,掌握非谓语动词(不定式/动名词/分词)的功能及与谓语
动词的搭配规则
·真题1(单项选择):
She decided
part in the competition and spent two weeks for it.
A.take practicing
B.to take practicing
C.taking to practice
D.to take to practice
答案:B解析:第一空,decide后接不定式作宾语,用to take:第二空,spend+时间+(in)doing sth.
为固定搭配,用practicing。
·真题2(语法填空):
(learn)English well,he keeps(read)English newspapers every momning.And his teacher
often encourages him (speak)more in class.
答案:To learn reading to speak解析:第一空,用不定式To learn作目的状语;第二空,keep后接动
名词reading作宾语;第三空,encourage sb.to do sth.为固定结构,用to speak作宾语补足语。
考法精析
考法一:谓语动词与非谓语动词的混合应用
1.谓语动词与非谓语动词的区分(核心考点)
(1)谓语动词:在句中作谓语,受主语人称/数及时态影响,可独立表达动作或状态。
例句:She is reading a novel now.(is reading为谓语动词,表现在进行时)
(2)非谓语动词:不能独立作谓语,需依附于谓语动词,形式不受主语影响(不定式too、动名词
doing、分词done/doing)。
例句:Reading novels is her hobby.(Reading为非谓语动词作主语,is为谓语动词)
2.谓语动词时态与非谓语动词搭配的易错点
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高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
基础动词用法
()一般现在时中,主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-$,非谓语动词不变。
错误:She enjoy to read books.(enjoy为谓语动词,主语she是三单,应改为enjoys;enjoy后需接
动名词reading)
正确:She enjoys reading books..
(2)现在完成时中,助动词have/has+过去分词(谓语),非谓语动词形式不变。
错误:They have finished to do homework.(finish后需接动名词doing)
正确:They have finished doing homework.
3.非谓语动词作状语与谓语动词的逻辑关系
(1)现在分词(doing)作状语:与句子主语是主动关系。
例句:Walking in the park,she met an old friend.(she与walk是主动关系)
(2)过去分词(done)作状语:与句子主语是被动关系。
例句:Seen from the top,the city looks more beautiful..(the city与see是被动关系)
(3)不定式(todo)作目的状语:表谓语动作的目的,与主语是主动关系。
例句:He studies hard to pass the exam.(to pass表study的目的)
4.实战应用:语法填空与改错专练
(1)语法填空:根据语境判断用谓语或非谓语动词。
例:She wants(buy)a new bike.(want后接不定式,填to buy)
例:
(listen)to music makes him relaxed.(作主语用动名词,填Listening)
(2)单句改错:找出谓语与非谓语混用错误。
错误:He stopped talk when the teacher came in.(stop后接动名词表“停止做某事”,talk改为talking)
正确:He stopped talking when the teacher came in.
考法二:非谓语动词作宾语的辨析
·核心:根据动词搭配习惯,判断其后接不定式还是动名词作宾语
·真题1(语法填空):
She decided
(study)abroad after graduation.
答案:to study解析:decide是只接不定式作宾语的动词,结构为decide to do sth.,故填to study。
·真题2(完形填空):
My brother enjoys_
basketball with his friends every weekend.
A.play B.to play C.playing D.played
答案:C解析:enjoy是只接动名词作宾语的动词,结构为enjoy doing sth.,故填playing。
考法三:情态动词与非谓语动词结合的被动语态应用
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高中语法重庆大学版
【语法全解】
基础动词用法
·核心:综合运用情态动词表推测/义务的功能,非谓语动词作宾语的用法,以及被动语态的结构
(情态动词+be+过去分词)
·真题1(单项选择):
The work
by us in two hours.We must finish it on time.
A.must finish B.must be finished C.must have finished D.must have been finished
答案:B解析:主语“the work”是动作“finish”的承受者,需用被动语态;情态动词“must”表
义务,后接“be+过去分词”构成被动结构,由“in two hours”可知动作尚未完成,用一般式,故选B。
·真题2(语法填空):
You had better
(not allow)to enter the room without permission.It's dangerous inside.
答案:not be allowed解析:“had better not-+动词原形”表建议,主语“you”是“allow”的承受者,
需用被动语态,故填“not be allowed”。
真题演练
非谓语动词妙招
非谓作宾看搭配,decide后接不定式:
enjoy后接动名词,固定用法要记牢:
非谓作状辨关系,主动doing被动done:
目的状语用todo,看清主语逻辑清:
谓与非谓混合辨,谓语时态先确定:
decide to do是固定,spend doing莫混淆;
keep后接动名词,encourage sb to do记心间:
不定式、动名词、分词功能各不同,结合语境细分析。
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