基础动词用法1-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解(重大版)

2026-02-10
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 -
章节 -
类型 学案
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2026-02-10
更新时间 2026-02-10
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审核时间 2026-02-10
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高中语法重庆大学版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 语法专版 【专题】基础动词用法 重庆大学版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 重庆大学版高中语法中,基础动词用法是重点语法模块,考频占词法总量的20%左右,贯穿试卷 所有核心题型:单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达(核心考察,直接 影响句子完整性与准确性)。在语境理解类题目中,动词的时态、语态及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 谓语动词分类系统讲解是高中英语语法的重要模块,考频占语法总量的15%左右,贯穿试卷所有 核心题型:单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察,直接影响句 子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中,谓语动词的时态、语态、主谓一致及词义辨析往往是解 题关键。 知识点一:谓语动词的三大维度 1.动词分类应用:系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词的辨析与功能 2.时态与语态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过 去完成时、将来完成时的基本结构与语境匹配,主动语态与被动语态的转换 3.主谓一致:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致原则在不同句式中的应用 知识点二:情态动词基本用法及常见误区 1.can/could(能力、许可、推测) 。表示能力(现在过去) 结构:can+动词原形(现在):could+动词原形(过去) 例句: 1.She can speak three languages.(现在能力,can+speak) 1 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 2.I could swim when I was five.(过去能力,could+swim) ·表示许可(口语中) 结构:Can/Could I..?(请求):You can.(允许) 例句: 1.Could I borrow your pen?(委婉请求,could+borrow) 2.You can leave early today..(允许,can+leave) ·表示推测(否定/疑问,可能性较低) 结构:can't+动词原形(不可能):Can..?(难道.?) 例句: 1.He can't be at home now.(否定推测,can't+be) 2.Can this be true?(疑问推测,Can+be) 2.may/might(许可、推测、请求) 。表示许可(正式/书面) 结构:MayI.?(请求):You may..(允许) 例句: 1.May I come in?(正式请求,may+come) 2.You may use the computer.(允许,may+use) ·表示推测(肯定句,可能性低于ust) 结构:may/might+动词原形(可能) 例句: 1.It may rain tomorrow.(现在推测,may+rain) 2.She might have left already.(对过去推测,night+have left) ·表示请求(might更委婉) 例句: 1.Might I ask your name?(委婉请求,night+-ask) 3.must/have to(必须、肯定推测) ·表示必须(主观/客观) 结构:must+动词原形(主观必须):have to+动词原形(客观必须,有人称时态变化) 例句: l.We must study hard..(主观,nust+study) 2.He has to work late today.(客观,has to+work) 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 。表示肯定推测(可能性极高) 结构:must+动词原形(现在):must have+过去分词(过去) 例句: l.She must be a teacher.(现在推测,must+be) 2.They must have arrived by now.(过去推测,must have+-arrived) 。否定形式区别 nustn't(禁止):don't have to(不必) 例句: l.You mustn't smoke here.(禁止,nustn't+smoke) 2.You don't have to come early..(不必,don't have to+come) 4.need/had better(需要、建议) 。need作情态动词(否定/疑问) 结构:neeh't+动词原形(不必):Need.?(需要吗?) 例句: l.You needn't wait for me.(不必,needn't+wait) 2.Need I finish it today?(疑间,Need+finish) ●had better(最好做某事) 结构:had better+动词原形(肯定):had better not+动词原形(否定) 例句: l.You'd better take an umbrella.(肯定建议,had better+-take) 2.You'd better not go alone.(否定建议,had better not-+go) 5.常见误区警示 ·can和be able to区别:can只有现在/过去时,be able to有各种时态 例句:We will be able to finish the task.(将来时用be able to) 。nust和have to区别:must无过去时,过去时用had to 例句:I had to walk home yesterday..(过去客观必须用had to) ·may和might表推测:might可能性比may低,对过去推测用may/might have done 例句:She might have forgotten the meeting.(过去可能性低) 知识点三:基础动词时态 1.一般现在时 3 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 。基础用法拓展: 1.表示经常性、习惯性动作→例句:She gets up at6:30 every morning, 2.表示客观真理或事实一→例句:The earth goes around the sun,. 3.主语为第三人称单数时动词变化→例句:He plays football after school 4.用于时间/条件状语从句(主将从现)→例句:If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.. 5.表示状态或特征→例句:This coat feels soft. 。标志词积累: l.always(总是)→例句:My mother always cooks breakfast for me 2.usually(通常)→例句:They usually go to the park on Sundays. 3.often(经常)→例句:He often reads books in the library. 4.sometimes(有时)→例句:Sometimes I walk to school. 5.never(从不)→例句:She never eats junk food. 2.一般过去时 ·基础用法拓展: l.表示过去发生的动作或状态一例句:I visited the Great Wall last summer. 2.表示过去经常性、习惯性动作→例句:He often played basketball when he was young, 3.用于since引导的时间状语(主句现在完成时)→例句:We have lived here since20l0 4.动词不规则变化(核心)→例句:She bought a new bike yesterday.(buy一bought) ·标志词积累: l.yesterday(昨天)→例句:I went shopping yesterday. 2.last week(上周)→例句:They had a party last week 3.two days ago(两天前)→例句:He came to Beijing two days ago 4.in2019(在2019年)→例句:She graduated from high school in2019. 5.just now(刚才)→例句:The teacher left the classroom just now. 3.一般将来时 。基础用法拓展: l.will+动词原形(表将来)→例句:I will go to college next year. 2.be going to+动词原形(计划/打算做)一→例句:We are going to have a picnic this weekend. 3.there be句型的将来时→例句:There will be a football match tomorrow. 4.瞬间动词用现在进行时表将来一→例句:The bus is coming soor1. 4 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 。标志词积累: 1.tomorrow(明天)一→例句:She will visit her grandparents tomorrow. 2.next month(下个月)→例句:We will have a school trip next month 3.in the future(将来)→例句:People will live on the moon in the future. 4.soon(很快)→例句:The party will start soon. 5.this evening(今晚)→例句:I will watch a movie this evening 解题小妙招 考法三:谓语动词与非谓语动词的混合辨析及应用 ·核心:区分句中谓语动词与非谓语动词,掌握非谓语动词(不定式/动名词/分词)的功能及与谓语 动词的搭配规则 ·真题1(单项选择): She decided part in the competition and spent two weeks for it. A.take practicing B.to take practicing C.taking to practice D.to take to practice 答案:B解析:第一空,decide后接不定式作宾语,用to take:第二空,spend+时间+(in)doing sth. 为固定搭配,用practicing。 ·真题2(语法填空): (learn)English well,he keeps(read)English newspapers every momning.And his teacher often encourages him (speak)more in class. 答案:To learn reading to speak解析:第一空,用不定式To learn作目的状语;第二空,keep后接动 名词reading作宾语;第三空,encourage sb.to do sth.为固定结构,用to speak作宾语补足语。 考法精析 考法一:谓语动词与非谓语动词的混合应用 1.谓语动词与非谓语动词的区分(核心考点) (1)谓语动词:在句中作谓语,受主语人称/数及时态影响,可独立表达动作或状态。 例句:She is reading a novel now.(is reading为谓语动词,表现在进行时) (2)非谓语动词:不能独立作谓语,需依附于谓语动词,形式不受主语影响(不定式too、动名词 doing、分词done/doing)。 例句:Reading novels is her hobby.(Reading为非谓语动词作主语,is为谓语动词) 2.谓语动词时态与非谓语动词搭配的易错点 5 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 ()一般现在时中,主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-$,非谓语动词不变。 错误:She enjoy to read books.(enjoy为谓语动词,主语she是三单,应改为enjoys;enjoy后需接 动名词reading) 正确:She enjoys reading books.. (2)现在完成时中,助动词have/has+过去分词(谓语),非谓语动词形式不变。 错误:They have finished to do homework.(finish后需接动名词doing) 正确:They have finished doing homework. 3.非谓语动词作状语与谓语动词的逻辑关系 (1)现在分词(doing)作状语:与句子主语是主动关系。 例句:Walking in the park,she met an old friend.(she与walk是主动关系) (2)过去分词(done)作状语:与句子主语是被动关系。 例句:Seen from the top,the city looks more beautiful..(the city与see是被动关系) (3)不定式(todo)作目的状语:表谓语动作的目的,与主语是主动关系。 例句:He studies hard to pass the exam.(to pass表study的目的) 4.实战应用:语法填空与改错专练 (1)语法填空:根据语境判断用谓语或非谓语动词。 例:She wants(buy)a new bike.(want后接不定式,填to buy) 例: (listen)to music makes him relaxed.(作主语用动名词,填Listening) (2)单句改错:找出谓语与非谓语混用错误。 错误:He stopped talk when the teacher came in.(stop后接动名词表“停止做某事”,talk改为talking) 正确:He stopped talking when the teacher came in. 考法二:非谓语动词作宾语的辨析 ·核心:根据动词搭配习惯,判断其后接不定式还是动名词作宾语 ·真题1(语法填空): She decided (study)abroad after graduation. 答案:to study解析:decide是只接不定式作宾语的动词,结构为decide to do sth.,故填to study。 ·真题2(完形填空): My brother enjoys_ basketball with his friends every weekend. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 答案:C解析:enjoy是只接动名词作宾语的动词,结构为enjoy doing sth.,故填playing。 考法三:情态动词与非谓语动词结合的被动语态应用 6 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 ·核心:综合运用情态动词表推测/义务的功能,非谓语动词作宾语的用法,以及被动语态的结构 (情态动词+be+过去分词) ·真题1(单项选择): The work by us in two hours.We must finish it on time. A.must finish B.must be finished C.must have finished D.must have been finished 答案:B解析:主语“the work”是动作“finish”的承受者,需用被动语态;情态动词“must”表 义务,后接“be+过去分词”构成被动结构,由“in two hours”可知动作尚未完成,用一般式,故选B。 ·真题2(语法填空): You had better (not allow)to enter the room without permission.It's dangerous inside. 答案:not be allowed解析:“had better not-+动词原形”表建议,主语“you”是“allow”的承受者, 需用被动语态,故填“not be allowed”。 真题演练 非谓语动词妙招 非谓作宾看搭配,decide后接不定式: enjoy后接动名词,固定用法要记牢: 非谓作状辨关系,主动doing被动done: 目的状语用todo,看清主语逻辑清: 谓与非谓混合辨,谓语时态先确定: decide to do是固定,spend doing莫混淆; keep后接动名词,encourage sb to do记心间: 不定式、动名词、分词功能各不同,结合语境细分析。 7

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基础动词用法1-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解(重大版)
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基础动词用法1-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解(重大版)
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基础动词用法1-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解(重大版)
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