非谓语动词系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（译林版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） Chapter1非谓语动词系统复习 考频分析 非谓语动词是高中英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选 择2-3题、完形填空23题、语法填空2-4题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子结构的丰富性与表达的 准确性。在语境理解类题目中，非谓语动词的形式选择、逻辑主语及句法功能往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对非谓语动词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·非谓语动词形式辨析：不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done)的构 成特征与语法功能差异； ·句法功能应用：作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语的结构特点与语境匹配，如不定式表目 的/结果、分词作状语表伴随原因； ·固定搭配与逻辑关系：接不定式或动名词的动词短语辨析（如want to do,enjoy doing),分词与逻辑主 语的主动/被动关系判断。 精讲精练 知识点一：非谓语动词的分类及基础用法 ·动词不定式(to+动词原形，有时省略to) 一功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 -例句：口To learn English well is important.(作主语)He wants to buy a new bike.(作宾语)口Her dream is to be a teacher..(作表语)口I have a lot of work to do.(作定语)口She came here to see me.(作目的状语)口ly mother asked me to clean the room.(作宾语补足语) ·动名词（动词+ing形式，具有名词性质） 一功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 -例句：口Swimming is good for health.(作主语)☐He enjoys playing basketball..(作宾语)☐His hobby is collecting stamps.(作表语)口There is a swimming pool in our school..(作定语) ·分词 一现在分词（动词+ing形式，表主动、进行） *功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 *例句：口The running water is clean.(作定语)☐They came into the classroom,singing and laughing: (作伴随状语)口The book is interesting.(作表语)口I saw him playing football..(作宾语补足语) -过去分词（动词-ed形式，表被动、完成） *功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 *例句：口The broken window needs to be repaired.(作定语)Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(作状语)口I am interested in this story.(作表语)He had his hair cut yesterday.(作 宾语补足语) 【即学即练】 1.【非谓语动词分类】”swimming”在"Swimming is good for health.”中属于什么类型的非谓语动词？ A.动词不定式 B.动名词 C.现在分词 D.过去分词 2.【不定式功能】请判断"He wants to buy a new bike.”中不定式短语作什么成分： 3.【分词辨析】The_window needs to be repaired.此处应填？ A.break B.breaking C.broken D.to break 4.【现在分词功能】"They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.”中现在分词短语作什么状语？ A.目的状语 B.伴随状语 C.原因状语 D.结果状语 5.【动名词定语】"a swimming pool'"中swimming作定语，体现动名词的 性质，修饰pool 表 语法复习|英语」译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的时态和语态变化 ·动词不定式的时态和语态 1.一般式（表示动作与谓语动作同时或之后发生） 一主动语态：to+动词原形 -例句：He hopes to finish the work tomorrow.(希望明天完成，动作在hope之后) -被动语态：tobe+动词过去分词 -例句：The book is said to be translated into English next year..(据说明年被翻译，被动且动作未 发生) 2.进行式（表示动作与谓语动作同时正在进行） -主动语态：tobe+动词现在分词 -例句：She pretended to be reading when her mother came in.(妈妈进来时她假装正在读书，动 作同时进行) 3.完成式（表示动作在谓语动作之前已完成） -主动语态：to have+动词过去分词 -例句：I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long..(抱歉让你等了这么久，keep发生在sorry之前) -被动语态：to have been+动词过去分词 -例句：The novel is known to have been published in2010.(众所周知小说2010年已出版，publish 在be known之前完成) ·动名词的时态和语态 1.一般式（表示动作与谓语动作同时或之后发生） 一主动语态：动词现在分词 -例句：He likes playing basketball after school..(喜欢放学后打篮球，动作同时发生) -被动语态：being+动词过去分词 -例句：I remember being invited to her birthday party last year.(记得去年被邀请参加派对，被动 且动作已发生) 2.完成式（表示动作在谓语动作之前已完成） -主动语态：having+动词过去分词 -例句：Having finished his homework,he went out to play..(完成作业后出去玩，finish在went之 前) -被动语态：having been+动词过去分词 -例句：Having been told many times,he still made the same mistake.(被告知多次仍犯同样错误， tell在made之前完成且被动) ·分词的时态和语态补充 1.现在分词的完成式（强调动作先于谓语动作完成） -结构：having+动词过去分词（主动）；having been+动词过去分词（被动） -例句：☐Having lived in Paris for5 years,he can speak French fluently..(在巴黎住了5年，live先 Fspeak)Having been criticized by the teacher,she corrected her mistakes immediately. (被老师批评后立刻改正，criticize先于correct完成且被动) 2.过去分词的语态固定性（仅表被动或完成，无时态变化） -例句：口The fallen leaves(完成)covered the ground in autumn.(落叶覆盖地面，表完成)口The problem discussed at the meeting(被动)is very important.(会议上被讨论的问题，表被动) 知识点三：非谓语动词的句法功能对比及解题技巧 ·作定语时的区别 -不定式（表将来未完成）→例句：I have a letter to write this evening.(今晚要写的信，动作未发生) -现在分词（表主动/进行）→例句：The girl reading a novel is my sister.(正在读小说的女孩，主动且 动作持续) -过去分词（表被动/完成）→例句：The project completed last month was a great success.(上个月 完成的项目，被动且已完成) ·作状语时的逻辑主语判断 -不定式（逻辑主语通常是句子主语，表目的/结果）→例句：To improve his grades,he stays up late studying.(他为了提高成绩熬夜，逻辑主语一致) -现在分词（逻辑主语是句子主语，表主动关系）→例句：Valking in the park,she met an old friend. (她在公园散步时，主动发出walk动作) -过去分词（逻辑主语是句子主语，表被动关系）→例句：Encouraged by her teacher,.she decided to keep trying..(她被老师鼓励，被动承受encourage动作)】 ·高频易错点对比 1.forget to do(忘记去做)vs forget doing(忘记做过)→例句1：Don't forget to lock the door.(记 得去锁门，未做)例句2：I forgot meeting him before.(忘记见过他，已做) 2.stop to do(停下做另一件事)vs stop doing(停止正在做的事)→例句1：He stopped to help the old man.(停下（走路）去帮忙)例句2：Please stop talking in class..(停止说话) 3.regret to do(遗憾要做)vs regret doing(后悔做过)→例句1：I regret to tell you the bad news.(遗 撼地告知)例句2：She regrets leaving her hometown.(后悔离开) ·独立主格结构（高中重点） -构成：名词代词+非谓语动词（独立主格与主句主语不同） -例句：口名词+现在分词（主动）→The rain having stopped,we went out for a walk.(雨停了，我 们出去散步)口名词+过去分词（被动）→The problem solved,everyone felt relaxed..(问题被解决， 大家感到轻松)D名词+不定式（将来）→Here are the first two books,the third one to come next month.(前两本在这，第三本下月到) ·解题小妙招：非谓语作定妙招 一将来动作不定式，主动被动看关系； -主动关系todo用，被动to be done记； 一现在分词表主动，动作进行正发生； 一过去分词表被动，完成状态已形成。 语法复习|英语|译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 考法一：非谓语动词作定语时的形式辨析 ·核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动被动）及动作发生时间（将来进行完成），选择 正确的非谓语形式作定语 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The meeting_(hold)tomorrow is very important.Please attend it on time. -答案：to be held解析：由时间标志词"tomorrow”可知动作未发生，且meeting与hold为被动关系， 用不定式被动语态to be held作定语表将来被动。 ·真题2（单项选择）： Do you know the girl_under the tree? A.reading B.read C.to read D.having read -答案：A解析：girl与read为主动关系，且动作正在进行，用现在分词reading作定语表主动进行。 考法二：非谓语动词作定语的形式选择 ·核心：根据被修饰词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动被动）及动作发生时间（现在过去将来），选择不 定式、现在分词或过去分词作定语 ·真题1（语法填空）： The students_(attend)the lecture now are from Grade 10 一答案：attending解析：被修饰词“students”与“attend”是主动关系，且由时间标志词“now”可知 动作正在进行，用现在分词作定语表主动和进行。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -I have a meeting_(attend)tomorrow afternoon so I can't go shopping with you. A.attend B.attending C.attended D.to attend -答案：D解析：由时间标志词tom orrow afternoon”可知动作未发生，用不定式作定语表将来，逻辑 上“我”是“attend”的执行者，用主动形式表被动含义。 考法三：非谓语动词的综合运用与逻辑关系判断 ·核心：结合非谓语动词的分类、时态语态及句法功能，判断逻辑主语与非谓语动作的主被动关系、动作 发生时间顺序及具体句法功能 ·真题1（单项选择）： -_the project in time,the staff were working at weekends A.Completing B.To complete C.Having completed D.Completed 一答案：B解析：句意为“为了及时完成项目，员工们周未在工作”。此处需用非谓语动词作目的状语， 不定式(To complete)表目的；现在分词(A)表主动进行或伴随，完成式(C)强调动作先于谓语完 成，过去分词(D)表被动完成，均不符合语境逻辑。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The girl_(read)under the tree is my best friend.She enjoys_(listen)to music while_(do) homework. -答案：reading listening doing解析：第一空需作定语修饰“the girl”,girl与read是主动关系且动作 正在进行，用现在分词reading;第二空enjoy后接动名词作宾语，用listening;第三空while后省略 了she is,与do是主动关系，用现在分词doing,体现“做作业时听音乐”的同时性。 语法复习|英语|译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.The teacher asked us to stop__and listen carefully. A.talk B.talking C.totalk D.talked 2.-the early bus,he got up at 5 o'clock this morning. A.Catch B.Catching C.To catch D.Caught 3.I regret_you that the sports meeting has been canceled. A.tell B.telling C.totell D.told 4.by the beautiful scenery,the visitors decided to stay for another two days. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To attract D.Having attracted 5.Remember_the lights when you leave the classroom. A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn off D.turned off 6.The novel_by Mo Yan last year is very popular among young readers. A.writing B.written C.to write D.write 7.She pretended_TV when her father came in. A.watch B.watching C.to watch D.to be watching 8.in the sun for too long,his skin got burnt seriously. A.Having stayed B.Staying C.To stay D.Stayed 9.He stopped_a rest after working for three hours. A.have B.having C.to have D.had 10.The problem__at the meeting yesterday was about environmental protection. A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.discuss 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She hopes_(visit)the Great Wall next summer. 2.I saw a boy_(run)after a dog in the park just now 3.The book_(publish)last month has been sold out. 4._(improve)his English,he practices speaking every day. 5.My mother told me_(not play)computer games too much 6.They walked home_(sing)happily all the way. 7.I forget_(meet)him before.When did it happen? 8.The students are busy_(prepare)for the final exam. 9.(see)from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful. 10.He is said_(study)abroad for three years. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Zhang Wei is a student who loves reading.Every morning,he gets up early_(read)English aloud.Last week,he borrowed a book_(call)*The Old Man and the Sea*from the library.He was so interested in it that he kept reading until midnight without_(notice)the time. One day,while_(walk)to school,he met his teacher,Mr.Li.Mr.Li asked,"What makes you_(carry) the book everywhere?"Zhang Wei replied,"I want_(finish)it as soon as possible.The story of the old fisherman is really inspiring!" Yesterday,Zhang Wei finished the book.He felt sad_(know)the old man failed to catch a big fish,but he admired the old man's spirit of never_(give)up.He decided_(share)the book with his classmates _(encourage)them to face difficulties bravely. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.C4.B5.C6.B7.D8.A9.C10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.to visit 2.running 3.published 4.To improve 5.not to play 6.singing 7.meeting 8.preparing 9.Seen 10.to have studied 演练三：语法填空 1.to read 2.called 3.noticing 4.walking 5.carry 6.to finish 7.to know 8.giving 9.to share 10.to encourage 语法复习|英语|译林版