译林版高中英语动词短语系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（译林版）

ENGLISH-高中语法复习资料（译林版） Chapter1动词短语与从句、时态语态综合复习 考频分析 动词短语是高中英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(23题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（影响语境理解与词义推测）。在语境理解类 题目中，动词短语的固定搭配、语义辨析及语境应用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对动词短语的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖固定搭配与语境应用： ·动词短语分类与词义辨析：动词+副词（如give up,put off)、动词+介词（如look for,,depend on)、动 词+副词+介词（如come up with,look forward to)的语义区分与选用； ·动词短语时态与语态结合：在不同时态（如一般过去时、现在完成时）中的运用，以及被动语态下的结 构变化（如take care of变为be taken care of); ·动词短语语境应用与固定搭配：在完形填空、阅读理解中的情境理解，以及与名词、形容词、介词等构 成的固定搭配（如make use of,,pay attention to)。 精讲精练 知识点一：动词短语的构成及分类 ·动词+介词（固定搭配，后接宾语） -常见短语：look for(寻找)、listen to(听)、depend on(依靠) -例句：口She is looking for her lost keys..(for为介词，后接名词作宾语)口You should listen to your parents'advice.(to为介词，后接名词短语作宾语) ·动词+副词（副词可表动作程度方向，宾语位置灵活） -常见短语：put on(穿上)、take off(脱下)、turn up(调大音量) -例句：口He put on his coat quickly.(宾语为名词时可置于副词后)Please turn it up.(宾语为代词 时必须置于动词和副词之间) ·动词+名词+介词（三词固定搭配，名词不可替换） -常见短语：make use of(利用)、pay attention to(注意)、take care of(照顾) -例句：口We should make good use of our time.(use为名词核心，of后接宾语)口You must pay attention to your pronunciation.(attention为名词核心，to后接宾语) ·动词+副词+介词（副词+介词构成复合介词，后接宾语） 一常见短语：catch up with(赶上)、look forward to(期待)、get along with(与…相处) -例句：口He ran fast to catch up with his friends.(with后接名词作宾语)口I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.(to为介词，后接动名词作宾语) 【即学即练】 1.【动词短语分类】”look forward to”属于什么类型的动词短语？ A.动词+介词 B.动词+副词 C.动词+名词+介词 D.动词+副词+介词 2.【动词短语宾语位置】请正确填写：Please turn_up.(it/upit) 3.【动词短语搭配】下列短语中，名词不可替换的是？ A.look for B.make use of C.take off D.catch up with 4.【动词短语介词搭配】”pay attention to'”中to为介词，后接动名词，请问”注意听老师讲课”正确表达是？ A.pay attention to listen to the teacher B.pay attention to listening to the teacher C.pay attention listen to the teacher D.pay attention listening to the teacher 5.【动词短语语义辨析】选择合适短语填空：She一(give up/put off)smoking last year because it''sbad for health. 高中|英语|译林版 ENGLISH-高中语法复习资料（译林版） 知识点二：从句的分类及用法 ·定语从句（修饰名词代词，作定语） 1.关系代词引导（指代先行词，在从句中作主语/宾语定语） -关系代词：that(指人物，作主语/宾语，宾语可省略)、which(指物，作主语/宾语，宾语可省略)、 who(指人，作主语/宾语，宾语可省略)、whom(指人，作宾语，可省略)、whose(指人物，作 定语，不可省略) 一例句： *口The girl who is standing under the tree is my sister.(who指人，作主语，不可省略) *口This is the book that my father bought for me.(that指物，作宾语，可省略) *口He lives in a house whose windows face south.(whose指物，作定语，不可省略) 2.关系副词引导（指代先行词，在从句中作状语）》 -关系副词：when(指时间，在从句中作时间状语)、where(指地点，在从句中作地点状语)、hy (指原因，在从句中作原因状语，先行词常为reason) -例句： *I still remember the day when we first met..(when指时间，作时间状语) *口This is the school where I studied five years ago.(where指地点，作地点状语) *口The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(why指原因，作原因状语) ·状语从句（修饰动词形容词剧词，作状语，表时间/地点原因/条件等） 1.时间状语从句（引导词：when、while、.as、until、till、since、before、after) -例句： *□When I grow up,I want to be a doctor.(when SI导，“当时候”) *口hile my mother was cooking,I was doing my homework.(while引导，“当…期间”，主从 句均为进行时) 2.原因状语从句（引导词：because、since、as、for) 一例句： *口He didn't go to school because he was ill.(because sl导，“因为”，回答why提问) *☐Since you are free today,you can help me with the housework.(since引导，“既然”，表已 知原因) 3.条件状语从句（引导词：if、unless、as long as) 一例句： *口If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.(if引导，“如果”，遵循“主将从现”) *☐You will fail the exam unless you study hard.(unless I导，“除非”，=if not) ·名词性从句（在句中作主语宾语俵语同位语，相当于名词） 1.主语从句(I导词：that、whether、what、who、when、where、how、why) 一结构：引导词+陈述句语序（作主语时，谓语动词常用单数） 一例句： *口/hat he said surprised everyone.(what引导，在从句中作宾语，整个从句作主语) *☐That the earth is round is a fact..(that引l导，无意义，只起连接作用，不可省略) 2.宾语从句（引导词：that、whether/if、what、who、when、where、how、why;作动词介词的宾 语) 一结构：主句+引导词+陈述句语序 一例句： *口I think that English is very important.(that引导，作think的宾语，可省略) *☐Could you tell me where the nearest post office is?(where Sl导，作tell的宾语，用陈述句语 序) 3.表语从句（引导词：that、whether、what、who、when、where、how、why;位于系动词后，作 表语) 一例句： *口The problem is how we can solve it.(how引导，作is的表语) *☐My hope is that I can go to college next year.(that导，作is的表语) 4.同位语从句（引导词：that、whether;用于解释说明前面名词的具体内容，常见名词：fact、news、 idea、hope、belief) 一例句： *口Ve heard the news that our team had won the game.(that引导，解释news的内容) *口There is no doubt that he will come on time.(that引导，解释doubt的内容) 知识点三：时态与语态 ·一般现在时（表经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理） 一基础用法（高中核心）： *☐表示经常性动作→例句：She usually gets up at6:30a.m. *口表示客观真理→例句：The earth goes around the sun. *口主将从现（条件时间状语从句中）→例句：If it rains tomorrow,we will cancel the picnic. *口表状态特征→例句：This cloth feels soft. ·现在完成时（表过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的动作） 一基础用法（高中核心）： *口已完成的动作对现在的影响→例句：I have finished my homework,so I can watch TV now. *口持续到现在的动作(for/since引导时间状语)→例句：He has lived here for10 years. *口固定句型：It is the first time+现在完成时→例句：It is the first time I have visited Beijing *口常见标志词：already,yet,just,ever,never,.recently,so far ·被动语态（强调动作承受者，由be+过去分词构成） -基础时态被动（高中必背）： *口一般现在时被动：am/is/are+过去分词→例句：English is spoken all over the world. *口一般过去时被动：was/were+过去分词→例句：The bridge was built in2000. *☐现在完成时被动：have/has been+过去分词→例句：The work has been finished, *口情态动词被动：情态动词+be+过去分词→例句：This book must be returned on time. 一特殊结构被动（高中易错）： *口主动表被动（感官动词/系动词）→例句：The food tastes delicious. *口不及物动词无被动(happen,appear,disappear)→例句：An accident happened yesterday.. *口双宾语被动（间接宾语作主语时加to/for)→例句：I was given a book by my father./A book was given to me by my father. 高中|英语」译林版 ENGLISH-高中语法复习资料（译林版） 考法一：定语从句引导词选择 ·核心：根据先行词性质及从句中所作成分，选择合适的关系代词或关系副词 ·真题1（语法填空）： The girl_is talking with our teacher is my best friend. -答案：who/that解析：先行词为"the gir”(指人)，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词who或that引导 定语从句。 ·真题2（单项选择）： This is the city_I was born. A.where B.which C.when D.whose -答案：A解析：先行词为"the city”(指地点)，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从 句，where在从句中作地点状语。 考法二：动词短语与定语从句融合 ·核心：识别动词短语在定语从句中的搭配及宾语位置，结合关系代词/副词的用法判断语法正确性 ·真题1（语法填空）： The boy_we are looking for is good at playing basketball. -答案：who/whom/that解析：先行词为the boy(指人)，在定语从句中作介词for的宾语，故可用关 系代词who/whom/that,且均可省略。 ·真题2（完形填空）： This is the hospitalmy grandmother was taken care of last year. A.which B.where C.when D.whose -答案：B解析：先行词为hospital(地点)，定语从句中“take care of”后已有宾语my grandmother, 故空格处需用关系副词where作地点状语。 考法三：动词短语、定语从句与现在完成时被动语态的综合应用 ·核心：结合动词短语固定搭配，分析定语从句中先行词与关系词的指代关系，掌握现在完成时被动语态 (have/has been+过去分词)在复合句中的运用 ·真题1（单顶选择）： -The old photos which_in the drawer for years_by my mother yesterday. A.have kept;were found B.have been kept;found C.have been kept;were found D.kept;were found 一答案：C解析：第一空为定语从句，先行词“photos'”是动作“keep”的承受者，由“for years”可知 用现在完成时被动语态，结构为“have been+过去分词”；第二空主句主语“photos”是动作“find” 的承受者，由“yesterday?”可知用一般过去时被动语态，结构为“were+过去分词”。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The project that we-(pay attention to)-(complete)successfully so far.Our team will hold a celebration party next week. -答案：have paid attention to has been completed解析：第一空为定语从句，先行词“project'”是动 词短语“pay attention to”的逻辑宾语，“so far'”提示从句用现在完成时；第二空主句主语“project” 是动作“complete”的承受者，用现在完成时被动语态，结构为“has been+过去分词”，主语为单 数，助动词用has。 高中|英语|译林版 ENGLISH-高中语法复习资料（译林版） 解题小妙招 定语从句妙招 先行词是人作主语，who或that来引导； 先行词是地点作状语，where副词不能少； 动词短语有宾语，关系副词来帮忙； 先行词作介词宾，who whom that可省略； 现在完成被动态，have has been加done; 综合应用看标志，时态语态要分明。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is the park-we had a picnic last Sunday. A.which B.where C.when D.whose 2.The book_cover is red was written by my favorite author. A.which B.where C.whose D.who 3.I still remember the day_I first met my English teacher. A.which B.when C.where D.how 4.The girl__is wearing a blue dress won the singing competition. A.which B.whom C.who D.whose 5.This is the dictionary-my father bought for me last month. A.when B.where C.which D.whose 6.The project__we are looking forward to_by the end of next year. A.will complete B.will be completed C.has completed D.has been completed 7.The old house_my grandparents lived in for 50 years-down last week. A.which;pulled B.where;was pulled C.which;was pulled D.where;pulled 8.He is the student_the teacher often depends on to help others. A.who B.which C.when D.where 9.The letters _in the drawer for over ten yearsby my mother yesterday. A.kept;found B.have kept;were found C.have been kept;found D.have been kept;were found 10.This is the school _my brother was taken care of when he was ill. A.which B.where C.when D.whose 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The man_(stand)at the door is our new neighbor. 2.This is the factory_my father used to work. 3.I have a friend-father is a famous doctor. 4.The film_we saw last night was very interesting. 5.The reason_he was late for school is that he missed the bus. 6.The photos_(take)in the park yesterday are very beautiful. 7.The children_we are looking after are from the countryside. 8.This is the first time I(visit)the Great Wall. 9.The work_(complete)so far,so we can have a rest now. 10.The story-my grandfather told me last night was about his childhood. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Dear Tom, I'm writing to tell you about a special experience I had last week.I visited a museum_(show)traditional Chinese culture.The museum,_was built in 1950,has a history of over 70 years.There,I saw many old objects_(keep)in glass cases.One of the most interesting things was a ancient vase_neck was decorated with dragons. The guide_we followed explained that the vase_(make)during the Ming Dynasty.She also told us a story about a farmer__found the vase in his field 20 years ago.Since then,the vase_(take)good care of by the museum workers. I was deeply impressed by the museum.It's a place_I learned a lot about Chinese history.I hope you can visit it too when you come to China.I'm looking forward to_(see)you soon! Best wishes Li Hua 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.B4.C5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.standing 2.where 3.whose 4.which/that 5.why 6.taken 7.whom/who/that 8.have visited 9.has been completed 10.which/that 演练三：语法填空 1.showing 2.which 3.kept 4.whose 5.whom/who/that 6.was made 7.who/that 8.has been taken 9.where 10.seeing 高中|英语|译林版