核心时态与语态 一般时态与进行时态综合讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中核心时态与语态译林版 【语法专版】 一般时态与进行时态 语法全解 一般时态与进行时态综合讲解 译林版高中英语核心语法 考频分析 译林版高中英语中，一般时态与进行时态是核心时态与语态模块的重点内容，考频占语法总量的 15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表 达核心考察，直接影响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，一般时态与进行时态的辨析及 运用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·基本结构与构成：一般现在时（主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式）、一般过去时（主语+动词过 去式)、一般将来时(wil/shall+-动词原形：be going to+动词原形)、现在进行时(am/is/are+现在 分词)、过去进行时(was/were+现在分词)的构成规则 ·语法功能与语境辨析：一般时态表示经常性、习惯性、客观真理、过去发生或将来计划的动作，进 行时态强调动作正在进行或特定时段内发生：时间状语（如always/often,yesterday/tomorrow,now/at this moment)对时态选择的提示作用 。特殊用法与常见错误：一般现在时表将来（时刻表、条件/时间状语从句）、现在进行时表计划或暂 时情况：易混淆点（如一般过去时与过去进行时的动作背景与持续对比，一般将来时will/be going to的意图性差异) 知识点一：一般时态与进行时态的构成及用法 1.一般时态 1.一般现在时（表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理）： ·构成：主语+动词原形/动词第三人称单数（主语为第三人称单数时） 。例句： 1.I get up at 7 o'clock every day 2.She likes playing basketball 3.The earth goes around the sun. 1 高中核心时态与语态译林版 【语法专版】 一般时态与进行时态 2.一般过去时（表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态）： ·构成：主语+动词过去式 。例句： 1.He went to the park yesterday. 2.They were happy last weekend. 3.一般将来时（表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态)： ·构成：主语+will/shall+-动词原形/主语+be going to+动词原形 ·例句： 1.I will go to Beijing tomorrow. 2.She is going to have a party next Sunday. 2.进行时态 1.现在进行时（表示现在正在进行的动作）： 。构成：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词 。例句： 1.They are playing football now. 2.I am reading a book at the moment. 2.过去进行时（表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作）： ·构成：主语+was/were+动词现在分词 ·例句： 1.He was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night. 2.They were talking when the teacher came in. 3.将来进行时（表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作）： ·构成：主语+will be+动词现在分词 ·例句： 1.I will be studying English at this time tomorrow. 2.They will be having a meeting at 3 p.m.next Monday. 知识点二：时态与语态易错点辨析 1.一般现在时Vs现在进行时 ·区别：一般现在时表常态、规律（如He gets up at7a.m.”),现在进行时表此刻正在进行（如He is getting up now”) 2 高中核心时态与语态译林版 【语法专版】 一般时态与进行时态 。易错点：短暂性动词(go,come,leave)用现在进行时表将来（如The train is leaving in5 minutes”) ·例句对比： ·常态：She speaks English every day.(一般现在时，表习惯) ·此刻：She is speaking English now.(现在进行时，表正在进行) 2.一般过去时Vs现在完成时 ·区别：一般过去时强调过去动作已结束（如I saw her yesterday”),现在完成时强调对现在的影 响（如I have seen her before'') 。易错点：for/since引导的时间状语需用现在完成时（误：He lived here for3 years.正：He has lived here for 3 years.) ·例句对比： ·过去结束：He left Shanghai in2020.(一般过去时，仅说明过去时间) ·现在影响：He has left Shanghai,so I can't find him.(现在完成时，强调对现在的结果) 3.主动语态Vs被动语态转换规则 ·转换步骤： 1.主动句宾语变被动句主语 2.谓语动词变为be+过去分词”（时态不变） 3.主动句主语前加by(可省略) ·易错点：不及物动词(happen,.appear)无被动语态（误：An accident was happened.正：An accident happened. ·例句转换： ·主动：They built this bridge in1990. ·被动：This bridge was built(by them)inl990.(一般过去时被动，主语单数用was) 4.将来时结构区别(will vs be going to) ·区别：will表临时决定（如It's raining.I will take an umbrella.”),be going to表计划或征兆（如'I am going to visit Beijing next month."PLook at the clouds.It is going to rain.") ●易错点：条件句中主句用will,不用be going to(误：If it rains,.I am going to stay at home..正：If it rains,I will stay at home.) ·例句对比： ·临时决定：一Can you help me?一Sure,I will come right now. ·计划安排：She is going to study abroad after high school.. 5.现在完成时vs过去完成时 ·区别：现在完成时'过去→现在”（如I have read the book”),过去完成时过去的过去→过去” ("I had read the book before I saw the movie last week") ·易错点：时间标志词混淆（现在完成时用since2020,过去完成时用by2020) 3 高中核心时态与语态译林版 【语法专版】 一般时态与进行时态 。例句对比： ·现在完成时：We have learned 1000 words so far..(从过去到现在) ·过去完成时：We had learned500 words by the end of last year..(过去的过去到过去) 6.进行时被动语态特殊用法 。结构：am/is/are/was/were+being+过去分词（强调'正在被.”） ·语境：多用于动作正在被执行的场景（如The road is being repaired,so we can't pass.”) 。例句： ·现在进行时被动：A new hospital is being built in our city.(强调当前正在建造) ·过去进行时被动：The letter was being written when the doorbell rang.(过去某刻正在被写) 7.时态呼应原则（主从复合句） ·规则：主句为过去时，宾语从句用过去相关时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等） 。例外：从句表客观真理时仍用一般现在时（如He said the earth goes around the sun.”) ·例句对比： ·常态呼应：She told me she loved reading.(主句told为过去时，从句用一般过去时) ·客观真理：She told me light travels faster than sound.（从句表真理，用一般现在时) 知识点三：一般时态与进行时态的区别与转换 1.时间状语差异（核心区分点） ·一般时态常用时间状语（表习惯性/经常性）： ·usually(通常)→例句：She usually gets up at6:30a.m.(一般现在时) ·often(经常)一例句：They often play football on weekends.(一般现在时) ·sometimes（有时)→例句：He sometimes goes to the library.(一般现在时) ·every day/week(每天/每周)→例句：We clean the classroom every day..(一般现在时) ·进行时态常用时间状语（表正在进行）： ·now(现在)→例句：Look!They are playing basketball now.(现在进行时) ·at the moment(此刻)→例句：She is reading a book at the moment..(现在进行时) ·these days(这些天)一→例句：He is studying for the exam these days..(现在进行时) ·listen/.look开头（提示动作正在发生）→例句：Listen!Someone is singing in the next room (现在进行时) 2.句式转换规则（中考重点） 。一般现在时变现在进行时： ·肯定句：主语+an/is/are+动词-ing形式一例句：He plays basketball..→He is playing bas- ketball. 4 高中核心时态与语态译林版 【语法专版】 一般时态与进行时态 ·否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+动词-ing形式→例句：She doesn't watch TV.→She isn't watching TV. ·疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+动词-ing形式？→例句：Do they study English?→Are they studying English? 3.特殊用法对比（易混淆点） 。一般现在时表客观真理/常态：The earth goes around the sun.(地球绕太阳转。) ·现在进行时表暂时动作：He is living in Beijing this year.(他今年暂住北京。) 。一般现在时表计划好的未来（时刻表）：The train leaves at8:00a.m.(火车早上8点发车。) 。现在进行时表即将发生的动作（趋向性动词）：The bus is coming.(公交车要来了。) 考法精析 考法一：情态动词表推测 核心：根据语境判断情态动词表推测的可能性程度(must/may/might/.can't)及对过去动作的推测 (情态动词+have done) 真题1（语法填空）： She-have finished the task,because she looks so relaxed. 答案：must 解析：由“she looks so relaxed”可知，对过去动作（完成任务）的肯定推测，用must have done,故 填must。 真题2（单项选择)： -Where is Tom? -He_be in the library.I saw him reading there just now. A must B may C might D can't 答案：A 解析：由“saw him reading there just now”可知，对现在状态的肯定推测，可能性极高，用must( 定)，故选A。 考法二：情态动词表推测与时态结合 核心：根据语境中动作发生的时间（现在/过去/将来）及可能性程度，选择恰当的情态动词+时态结构 真题1（语法填空)： The ground is all wet.It_(rain)heavily last night. 答案：must have rained 解析：由“last night”可知动作发生在过去，“地面全湿”表肯定推测，用“must have+过去分词” 5 高中核心时态与语态译林版 【语法专版】 一般时态与进行时态 结构，rain的过去分词为rained。 真题2（单项选择)： -Where is Lucy?I can't find her anywhere. -Shebe in the library.I saw her reading there just now. A.must B.might C.can D.will 答案：A 解析：由“just now”可知动作发生在过去且有明确证据，表肯定推测用must,此处“must be”表 对现在状态的肯定推测。 考法三：情态动词与被动语态的综合运用 核心：结合情态动词表推测/必要性的用法，判断被动语态的时态及结构（情态动词+b+过去分词） 真题1（单项选择)： The room is clean now.Someone-it just now. A.must clean B.must have cleaned C.must be cleaned D.must have been cleaned 答案：D 解析：由“just now”可知动作发生在过去，“room”是“clen”的承受者需用被动语态：情态动词 “must”表肯定推测，对过去动作的推测用“must have done”,被动结构为“must have been+过去 分词”，故选D。 真题2（语法填空）： This task_(finish)before Friday,or we will miss the deadline.It's necessary. 答案：must be finished 解析：主语“task”是动作“finish”的承受者，用被动语态；“It's necessary”提示需用情态动词 “must”表必要性，结构为“must be+过去分词”，故填must be finished。 解题小妙招 情态动词推测妙招 推测先看可能性，must肯定can't否： may might可能性小，语境证据是关键： 现在推测must be,过去推测have done; 时间标志要牢记，last night用have done; just now表近期，must be现状态： 综合运用看时态，时刻表用一般现： 过去进行表当时，情态加have表过去。 6 高中核心时态与语态译林版 【语法专版】 一般时态与进行时态 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The train_at 9:15 a.m.tomorrow,so we need to hurry. A.leaves B.is leaving C.will leave D.left 2.-Where is Mary? -Shebe in the classroom.I saw her there five minutes ago. A.must B.may C.might D.can't 3.By the time we arrive,the party-for an hour. A.has started B.will start C.will have started D.started 4.Ihave finished the homework,but I forgot about it completely. A.must B.should C.can D.need 5.My parents-to visit my grandparents next weekend. A.go B.are going C.will have gone D.went 6.He_speak French fluently when he was in Paris. A.can B.could C.must D.should 7.The ground is dry.It_rained last night. A.must have B.may have C.can't have D.should have 8.When I called you yesterday,you_TV.That's why you didn't answer. A.watch B.were watching C.have watched D.will watch 9.We _have bought so much food.There are only three people for dinner. A.needn't B.mustn't C.can'tD.shouldn't 10.By next year,I in this school for ten years. A.teach B.am teaching C.will teach D.will have taught 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The class _(begin)at 8:00 every morning. 2.She(read)a novel when I came into her room. 3.They_(live)in London for five years,and they still love it there. 4.You_(not take)my umbrella yesterday.I needed it this morning. 5.The meeting _(start)at 3 p.m.tomorrow,so please arrive on time. 6.He_(can)swim very well when he was young. 7.By the end of this month,we(complete)the project. 8.The children(play)outside now.Don't disturb them 高中核心时态与语态译林版 【语法专版】 一般时态与进行时态 9.You(tell)me the truth earlier.I could have helped you. 10.-Where is Tom? -He_(must,go)to the library.He always studies there on weekends. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,I planned to meet my friend Lily at the park.I_(arrive)at 2 p.m.,but she wasn't there.I called her,but no one answered.I thought she_(forget)our appointment.Just as I-(leave),she ran towards me,saying,"I'm sorry!My bike broke down,andI(fix)it for an hour. Lily told me she_(visit)her aunt next weekend.Her aunt_(live)in the countryside,and the bus for the countryside_(depart)at7a.m.sharp.“We_(start)early,”she said,“orwe'll miss the bus..” Later,we walked around the park.I noticed some kids-(play)football.One of them fell down,but he stood up quickly..Lily laughed and said,.“They_(have)a great time！” 答案区 演练-：1.A2.A3.C4.B5B6.B7.C8B9.A10.D 演练二：1.begins2.was reading3.have lived4.shouldn't have taken5.will start 6.could 7.will have completed 8.are playing 9.should have told 10.must have gone 演练三：l.arrived2,must have forgotten3.was leaving4.had been fixing5.would visit 6.lives 7.departs 8.must start 9.playing 10.must have been having