核心时态与语态 一般时态与进行时态综合讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪教版）

高中沪教上海版 核心时态与语态 一般时态与进行时态综合讲解 核心时态与语态 考频分析 沪教上海版高中中，一般时态与语态是核心语法模块，考频占时态与语态总量的35%左右，贯穿 试卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接 影响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，一般时态与语态的辨析及应用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本结构与构成规则：一般现在时（主语+动词原形第三人称单数形式）、一般过去时（主语+动 词过去式)、一般将来时(will/shall+-动词原形，be going to+动词原形)、现在进行时(am/is/are+动 词现在分词)、过去进行时(was/were+动词现在分词)的构成方式： 。时间状语与语境匹配：常与各时态搭配的时间状语（如一般现在时的often,,usually;现在进行时的 now,at the moment:一般过去时的yesterday,last week;一般将来时的tomorrow,next year;过去进 行时的at8o'clock last night)的辨析，以及在具体语境中判断时态的能力： 。特殊用法与易混点：一般现在时表客观真理、习惯性动作与现在进行时表暂时动作的区别：一般过 去时表过去发生的动作与过去进行时表过去某一时刻正在进行的动作的对比：现在进行时表计划、 安排要做的事情与一般将来时的区分等。 知识点一：一般时态与进行时态的基本构成及用法 1.一般现在时（表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理） ·构成：主语+动词原形动词第三人称单数（主语为第三人称单数时） ·例句： 1.She usually gets up at6:30a.m.(经常性动作，主语第三人称单数用gets) 2.The earth goes around the sun.(客观真理，用动词第三人称单数goes) 2.一般过去时（表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态） ·构成：主语+动词过去式 ·例句： 1 高中沪教上海版 核心时态与语态 1.He watched a movie yesterday evening.(过去时间yesterday evening,.动词watch用过去式 watched) 2.They lived in Beijing three years ago.(过去状态，live用过去式lived) 3.一般将来时（表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态） ·常见构成：wi+动词原形/be going to+动词原形 。例句： l.I will visit my uncle next weekend.(will+动词原形表将来) 2.She is going to study abroad next year..(be going to+-动词原形表计划好的将来) 4.现在进行时（表示现在正在进行的动作） ·构成：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词 ·例句： l.They are playing basketball on the playgroundnow.(now提示现在进行，主语they用are+playing) 2.My mother is cooking dinner in the kitchen.(正在进行的动作，主语my mother用is+cooking) 5.过去进行时（表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作） ●构成：主语+was/were+动词现在分词 。例句： 1.I was reading a book at8o'clock last night.(过去时间8o'clock lastnight,主语I用was+reading) 2.They were having a meeting when I arrived.(arrived为过去时间点，当时正在进行的动作，主 语they用were+having) 知识点二：时态与语态综合应用 1.现在完成进行时（从过去持续到现在并可能继续的动作） ·时间标志词：since+时间点（如since last year)、for+时间段（如for2 hours)、all day(一整 天)、recently(最近) ·主动语态结构：主语+have/has been+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一 人称用have) ·例句： l.I have been studying English for3 years.(第一人称，用have been+studying) 2.She has been waiting for you since8o'clock.(三单主语，用has been+waiting) 2.将来进行时（将来某个时刻正在进行的动作） ·时间标志词：at9p.m.tomorrow(明天晚上9点、this time next week(下周这个时候)、when+ 一般将来时句子（如When you arrive) 高中沪教上海版 核心时态与语态 ·主动语态结构：主语+will be+动词现在分词(doing) ·例句： 1.I will be watching TV at 8 p.m.tomorrow.(will be+watching) 2.They will be playing football this time next Sunday.(will be+playing) 3.过去将来时（从过去看将要发生的动作） 。时间标志词：the next day(第二天，相对于过去)、the following week(第二周，相对于过去)、 wold(无具体时间词，用于宾语从句) ·主动语态结构： 1.主语+would+动词原形 2.主语+was/were going to+动词原形 ·例句： I.He said he would visit us the next day.(would+visit,用于宾语从句) 2.She was going to buy a book yesterday,but she forgot.(was going to+buy,主语三单) ·被动语态结构： 1.主语+would be+动词过去分词 2.主语+was/were going to be+动词过去分词 。例句： 1.A party would be held by them the next day.(would be+held) 2.The book was going to be bought by her yesterday.(was going to be+bought) 4.时态与语态转换技巧 。主动变被动步骤 1.找出主动句宾语（动作承受者）作被动句主语 2.判断主动句时态，确定被动语态助动词（如一般现在时用am/is/are,一般过去时用was/were) 3.动词改为过去分词 4.主动句主语前加by(可省略) ●例句：主动：They make cars in this factory.→被动：Cars are made(by them)in this factory. ·被动语态特殊情况 1.不及物动词（如happen,appear)无被动语态 2.感官动词(see,hear)被动语态后接todo:He was seen to enter the room.(主动：We saw him enter the room. 5.时态辨析对比 。一般过去时vs现在完成时 l.一般过去时：强调过去动作结束，与现在无关（时间标志词yesterday,.last week) 例句：I finished homework yesterday..(昨天完成，现在是否完成不知道) 3 高中沪教上海版 核心时态与语态 2.现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在影响（时间标志词already,for/since) 例句：I have finished homework..(现在作业是完成状态) ·一般现在时Vs现在进行时 l.一般现在时：常态、规律动作(always,every day) 例句：She walks to school every day..(每天规律) 2.现在进行时：此刻正在进行(now,look) 例句：She is walking to school now.（此刻正在走) 知识点三：一般时态与进行时态的区别与转换 1.一般现在时与现在进行时 。时间状语对比（核心区分）： 1.一般现在时：often(经常)、usually(通常)、every day(每天)→例句：She usually walks to school 2.现在进行时：now(现在)、listen(听)、look(看)→例句：Listen!Someone is singing in the next room. 。用法差异（中考必辨)： l.一般现在时表经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理→例句：The earth goes around the sun 2.现在进行时表此刻正在进行的动作或现阶段临时动作→例句：They are playing football on the playground now. 。转换规则（语境应用）： l.一般现在时变现在进行时：He reads books.→He is reading books now. 2.现在进行时变一般现在时：She is eating lunch.→She eats lunch at 12:00 every day. 2.一般过去时与过去进行时 ·时间状语对比（核心区分）： 1.一般过去时：yesterday(昨天)、last week(上周)、in2020(在2020年)一例句：I visited Beijing last summer. 2.过去进行时：at8p.m.yesterday(昨天晚上8点)、this time last Monday(上周一这个时候) →例句：She was watching TV at8p.m.yesterday.. 。用法差异（中考必辨）： l.一般过去时表过去发生且已结束的动作一例句：He finished his homework an hour ago. 2.过去进行时表过去某一时刻正在进行的动作→例句：They were having a party when I arrived, ·转换规则（语境应用）： l.一般过去时变过去进行时：She wrote a letter.→She was writing a letter at9 last night 2.过去进行时变一般过去时：We were playing games.→We played games for two hours yesterday. 4 高中沪教上海版 核心时态与语态 3.一般将来时与将来进行时 。时间状语对比（核心区分）： 1.一般将来时：tomorrow(明天)、next month(下个月)、in the future(将来)→例句：We will have a picnic tomorrow. 2.将来进行时：at3p.m.tomorrow(明天下午3点)、this time next year(明年这个时候)→例 I will be studying in high school this time next year. 。用法差异（中考必辨）： l.一般将来时表将来要发生的动作或状态→例句：He will come back next week. 2.将来进行时表将来某一时刻正在进行的动作一例句：They will be traveling in Europe at this time next month ·转换规则（语境应用）： 1.一般将来时变将来进行时：She will sing a song.→She will be singing a song at the party tomorrow evening. 2.将来进行时变一般将来时：We will be living in Beijing..一We will live in Beijing next year. 考法精析 考法一：时态与被动语态转换 核心：根据主动语态句子提示，结合时态特征，转换为正确的被动语态形式 真题1（语法填空）： The workers_(build)a new bridge over the river now.(改为被动语态) 答案：is being built 解析：原句时间标志词“now”提示现在进行时，主动语态结构为“are building”;被动语态需用 “am/is/are+being+过去分词”，主语“a new bridge”为单数，故用“is being built”。 真题2（单项选择）： Many trees_on the hills last year. A.plant B.planted C.were planted D.are planted 答案：C 解析：时间标志词“last year”提示一般过去时，主语“trees”与“plant”为被动关系，被动语态结 构为“was/were+-过去分词”，主语复数用“were”,plant的过去分词为“planted”,故选C。 考法二：被动语态与时态结合 核心：根据时间标志词或动作逻辑，判断被动动作的时态，正确使用被动语态结构 真题1（语法填空）： A new library(build)in our school last year. 高中沪教上海版 核心时态与语态 答案：was built 解析：由时间标志词“1 ast year”可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时被动语态：主语为单数，be 动词用was,build的过去分词为built。 真题2（单项选择)： Many trees_in the park now to make the environment better. A.plant B.are planting C.are being planted D.will be planted 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词“now”可知，动作正在进行，且“trees'”与“plant”为被动关系，用现在进 行时被动语态，结构为“are being+过去分词”，plant的过去分词为planted。 考法三：情态动词+时态+被动语态的综合应用 核心：结合情态动词表推测/义务的用法，判断动作发生的时间及主被动关系，掌握情态动词+不 同时态被动语态的结构（情态动词+be+过去分词情态动词+have been+过去分词） 真题1（单项选择)： The meeting_because of the heavy rain.You needn't come here now. A.must be canceled B.must have been canceled C.should cancel D.should have canceled 答案：B 解析：根据“needn't come here now”可知会议已经取消，是对过去情况的肯定推测，用“must have done”结构；主语“meeting”是动作“cancel”的承受者，需用被动语态，故正确结构为“must have been canceled”。 真题2（语法填空)： This task_(finish)by next Friday.You must hurry up. 答案：must be finished 解析：根据时间标志词“by next Friday”(截止到下周五)及情态动词“must”(必须)，此处表示 必须在将来完成的被动动作，结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”，finish的过去分词为finished。 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记”主谓”，被动必带be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK: 一现被动”am/is/are”,一过被动"was/were”; 进行被动要用being”,完成被动have/has/had been”; 将来被动will be',情态被动”情态+be: 过去推测'情态+have been”,最后加上一个done。 6 高中沪教上海版 核心时态与语态 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.The Olympic Games_every four years. A hold B is held C are held D was held 2.A new bridge_over the river when I passed by last month. A was being built B is being built C built D will be built 3.You have told me the truth earlier.Now it's too late to change anything. A must B should C could D might 4.-Why didn't you answer my call? -I'm sorry,I-a meeting when you called. A had B was having C have had D would have 5.Many rare animals-by humans if we don't take action to protect them. A are killed B will be killed C were killed D have been killed 6.The book by Mo Yan has been translated into over 20 languages. A writes B wrote C is written D written 7.He be at home now-his car is still in the parking lot. A must B can't C might D should 8.By the time we arrived at the theater,the movie_for ten minutes. A had begun B has begun C had been on D was on 9.The students not to use mobile phones in class according to the school rules. A are told B tell C told D were telling 10.She speak English fluently when she was only five years old. A can B could C may D might 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.A new hospital(build)in our city next year. 2.My parents(watch)TV at 8 p.m.last night when I got home. 3.This song_(sing)by millions of people around the world every day. 4.You(not need)to bring your textbooks tomorrow-we'll use e-books in class. 5.By the end of last term,we(learn)over 2,000 English words. 6.Look!The children(play)happily in the park. 7.The meeting room(clean)by the workers when I arrived this morning. 8.He(must finish)his homework already,because he's playing outside now. 7 高中沪教上海版 核心时态与语态 9.The old temple(stand)on the hill for over 500 years. 10.If it rains tomorrow,the sports meeting(put off)till next week. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） The History of Tea Tea,one of the world's most popular drinks,(discover)by accident over 5,000 years ago in China.Accord- ing to legend,Emperor Shennong(boil)water when some tea leaves fell into his pot.He tried the mixture and found it very refreshing.Since then,tea_(become)an important part of Chinese culture. In the 17th century,tea_(introduce)to Europe,where it quickly gained popularity.Today,tea(drink) by people all over the world.Different countries have developed their own tea cultures:for example,in Britain, afternoon tea_(serve)with scones and sandwiches,while in Japan,tea ceremonies _(perform)with great care and tradition. Scientists(study)the health benefits of tea for decades.They_(find that tea contains antioxidants which can help prevent certain diseases.It is clear that tea_(remain)a beloved drink for centuries to come. 参考答案 演练-：1.C2.A3B4B5.B6D7.A8.C9.A10B 1.will be built is going to be built 2.were watching 3.is sung 4.needn't 5.had learned 6.are playing 7.was being cleaned 8.must have finished 9.has stood 10.will be put off/is going to be put off 演练三：1.was discovered2.was boiling3.has become4.was introduced5.is drunk6.is served7.are performed 8.have studied 9.have found 10.will remain 8