核心时态与语态 一般时态与进行时态综合讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（北师大版）

高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 语法专版 【专题】一般时态与进行时态综合讲解 北师大版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 北师大版高中英语中，一般时态与语态是核心语法模块，考频占时态语态总量的35%左右，贯穿 试卷所有核心题型：单项选择4-5题、完形填空5-6题、语法填空3-4题、书面表达核心考察，直 接影响句子逻辑性与表达准确性。在语境理解类题目中，一般时态与语态的辨析及运用往往是解题 关键。 考查内容 。基本结构与构成：一般现在时（主语+动词原形第三人称单数）、一般过去时（主语+动词过去式）、 一般将来时(will/shall+-动词原形：be going to+动词原形)、现在进行时(am/is/are+动词-ing)、过 去进行时(was/were+动词-ing)的构成规则 。用法辨析与语境匹配：一般现在时表经常性/习惯性动作、客观真理，一般过去时表过去特定时间动 作，一般将来时表未来计划/预测，现在进行时表当前正在进行动作、现阶段持续动作，过去进行时 表过去某时刻正在进行动作、背景铺垫的语境判断 。时间状语与动词形式：常见时间状语（如often,yesterday,.tomorrow,now,this time yesterday等）与 对应时态的匹配，动词第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词的正确变形 知识点一：一般时态与进行时态的构成及用法 1.一般现在时（表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理） ·构成：主语+动词原形动词第三人称单数（主语为第三人称单数时） ·例句： 1.I get up at6:30 every morning.(动词原形) 2.She studies English very hard.(动词第三人称单数) 2.一般过去时（表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态） ·构成：主语+动词过去式 。例句： 1 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 1.They went to the park yesterday. 2.He was happy last night. 3.一般将来时（表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态） ·构成：主语+wil/shall+-动词原形：主语+be going to+动词原形 ●例句： 1.I will visit my grandparents tomorrow. 2.She is going to buy a new book next week. 4.现在进行时（表示现在正在进行的动作） 。构成：主语+aun/is/are+动词现在分词 。例句： 1.He is playing basketball now. 2.They are singing in the classroom. 5.过去进行时（表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作） ·构成：主语+was/were+动词现在分词 。例句： 1.I was doing my homework at 8 o'clock last night. 2.They were watching TV when I came in. 知识点二：时态与语态易错点解析 1.一般现在时vs现在完成时（时间标志词区分） ●易混点：”every day'’(一般现在时)与for+时间段”（现在完成时） ·例句对比： 1.He reads books every day.(常态，用一般现在时reads) 2.He has read books for2 hours.(持续到现在，用现在完成时has read) ·被动语态对比： l.Books are read by him every day.(一般现在时被动：are+read) 2.Books have been read by him for2 hours..(现在完成时被动：have been+read) 2.现在进行时Vs一般现在时（动作持续性区分） ·易混点：短暂性动作（一般现在时）与持续性动作（现在进行时） ·例句对比： l.The train leaves at8a.m.(时刻表，用一般现在时leaves) 2.The train is leaving now.(正在发生，用现在进行时is leaving) 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 ·被动语态对比： 1.The train is left by the driver at8a.m.(一般现在时被动：is+left) 2.The train is being left by the driver now.(现在进行时被动：is being+left) 3.一般过去时vs过去完成时（动作先后关系） ·易混点：单纯过去动作（一般过去时）与”过去的过去”（过去完成时） 。例句对比： 1.He went to Beijing last year.(单纯过去时间，用一般过去时went) 2.He had gone to Beijing before he came here..('去北京'在”来这里”之前，用过去完成时had gone) ·被动语态对比： 1.Beijing was visited by him last year.(一般过去时被动：was+visited) 2.Beijing had been visited by him before he came here.(过去完成时被动：had been+-visited) 4.will do vs be going to do(计划性区分) 。易混点：临时决定(will do)与事先计划(be going to do) ·例句对比： 1.I'm thirsty.I will get you some water.(临时决定，用will get) 2.She is going to study abroad next year.(事先计划，用is going to study) ·被动语态对比： 1.Some water will be got by me for you.(will+be+got) 2.Abroad is going to be studied in by her next year.(is going to be+studied) 5.不及物动词的被动语态（需补充介词） ·易错点：vi.(如live,happen)无被动，若需表达被动需加介词 ·例句： l.The accident happened yesterday.（主动语态，happen无被动) 2.A new school is being lived in by them.(live为vi.,加in后构成被动：is being lived in) 6.现在完成时的”for/since”与瞬间动词（需转换延续性动词) ·易错点：瞬间动词（如buy,join)不可与for/since连用，需转换为延续性动词 ·例句转换： 1.He bought the book3 days ago.(一般过去时，buy为瞬间动词) 2.He has had the book for3days.(现在完成时，用延续性动词had) 。被动语态转换： 1.The book was bought by him3 days ago.(一般过去时被动) 2.The book has been had by him for3days.(现在完成时被动，had为延续性动词) 3 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 知识点三：一般时态与进行时态的区别与转换 1.一般现在时Vs现在进行时 。时间状语差异（中考必背）： l.一般现在时：often(经常)、usually(通常)every day(每天)→例句：She usually getsup at6:30a.m. 2.现在进行时：now(现在)、listen(听)、look(看)一→例句：Listen!Someone is singing in the next room. 。用法逻辑区别（中考易错）： 1.一般现在时表经常性、习惯性动作一→例句：He plays basketball every weekend.. 2.现在进行时表此刻正在进行的动作→例句：He is playing basketball now. 2.一般过去时Vs过去进行时 。时间状语差异（中考必背）： 1.一般过去时：yesterday(昨天)、last week(上周)in2020(在2020年)一→例句：Ivisited Beijing last summer 2.过去进行时：at8p.m.yesterday(昨天晚上8点)、this time last year（去年这个时候)→例 句：I was watching TV at8p.m.yesterday. 。用法逻辑区别（中考核心）： 1.一般过去时表过去发生的短暂动作→例句：She called me just now 2.过去进行时表过去某时刻正在持续的动作→例句：She was reading a book when I called her. 3.时态转换技巧（中考常考） 。一般现在时转现在进行时： l.原句：He writes emails every day. 2.转换：He is writing an email now. 。一般过去时转过去进行时： l.原句：They had dinner at7p.m.yesterday. 2.转换：They were having dinner at7p.m.yesterday. 。时间标志词提示转换： 1.例句：Tom usually walks to school,,but today he is riding a bike.(usually提示一般现在时，today 提示现在进行时) 考法精析 考法一：情态动词表推测 4 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 核心：根据语境判断推测的肯定/否定疑问语气，选择正确的情态动词 真题1（语法填空)： The door is locked.He be at home now. 答案：can't 解析：由“门是锁着的”可知此处为否定推测，“不可能在家”，否定推测用can't。 真题2（单项选择)： -Where is Lucy? -She in the library.I saw her go there just now. A must B may C might D can 答案：A 解析：由“刚才看到她去那里了”可知为肯定推测，“一定在图书馆”，肯定句中表肯定推测用ust。 考法二：时态与情态动词结合运用 核心：依据语境中动作发生的时间及情态动词的推测、义务等含义，综合判断时态与情态动词的搭配 真题1（语法填空)： The ground is all wet.It (must rain)heavily last night. 答案：must have rained 解析：由时间标志词“last night”可知动作发生在过去，结合“地面全湿”的语境，需用情态动词 must表肯定推测，对过去事情的肯定推测用“nust have+过去分词”结构，rain的过去分词为rained。. 真题2（单项选择)： -Where is Lucy?She here an hour ago. -She be in the library.I saw her reading there just now A.came;must B.comes;may C.has come;might D.will come;can 答案：A 解析：第一空由时间标志词“an hour ago”可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时came;第二空根据 “刚才看到她在图书馆读书”的语境，表肯定推测用ust,符合“must用于肯定句表90%以上可能 性”的用法。 考法三：情态动词与被动语态的综合运用 核心：结合情态动词表推测/义务的用法，判断被动语态的结构（情态动词+b+过去分词） 真题1（单项选择）： This task by him alone.He needs help. A.can't finish B.can't be finished C.must finish D.must be finished 答案：B 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 解析：主语“this task”是动作“finish”的承受者，需用被动语态；由后句“needs help”可知表否 定推测“不可能被完成”，情态动词can't+be+过去分词，finish的过去分词为finished。. 真题2（语法填空)： The work (should do)before Friday,but he hasn't started yet. 答案：should be done 解析：主语“the work”是动作“do”的承受者，用被动语态：情态动词should-+be+过去分词，do 的过去分词为done,表“本应该被完成”的义务。 解题小妙招 情态动词妙招 推测语气看语境，肯定must否定can't: 疑问推测用can/could,情态动词后接动原： 对过去推测有特点，情态have加done; 义务推测要分清，should have本应做： could have本可做，might have或许做： 时态结合看时间，过去标志用完成： 被动结构莫忘记，情态be加过去分。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.The train at 9:00 a.m.tomorrow,so we need to arrive early. A.leaves B.will leave C.is leaving D.left 2.-Where is Tom? -He be in the classroom.I saw him reading there five minutes ago. A.must B.may C.might D.can 3.If it tomorrow,we cancel the picnic. A.rains;will B.will rain;will C.rains;would D.rained;would 4.My parents to Paris next month.They have already booked the tickets. A.fly B.will fly C.are flying D.flew 5.You have told me the news earlier.I missed the chance to prepare. A.must B.should C.need D.could 6.The accident last night,but no one was hurt A.was happened B.happened C.happens D.is happening 6 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 7.-Could I borrow your bike? -Sorry,I lend it to you.It's broken. A.needn't B.can't C.mustn'tD.shouldn't 8.She speak English fluently when she was six. A.can B.could C.may D.might 9.By the time we arrived,the movie for ten minutes. A.has started B.started C.had started D.was starting 10.This shirt is dirty.It washing before you wear it. A.needs B.need C.is needed D.need to be 演练二：填空试题 1.The students (read)English aloud now.(现在进行时 2.We_(isit)the Great Wall last summer.(一般过去时) 3.If you (study)hard,you will pass the exam.(一般现在时表将来) 4.The plane (arrive)at6:00p.m.tomorrow.(一般现在时表时刻表) 5.You (ot park)here.It'sano-parking area.(情态动词mustn’t) 6.She (can finish))the work by herself yesterday..(情态动词过去式) 7.The book (must return)to the library by Friday.(被动语态) 8.They_ have)dinner when I called them.(过去进行时) 9.He Iive)in this city for five years.(现在完成时) 10.You (need not buy)so many apples.We still have some.(needn't have done) 演练三：语法填空试题 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (learn)English for seven years,but I still find it challenging sometimes.Last week,my teacher told me that I(should practice)speaking more.She said,"If you(speak)English every day, you (improve)quickly.” Yesterday,I (meet)a foreign friend in the park.He(ask)me for directions,and I (help)him.Although I was nervous at first,I(can express)myself clearly.He praised me and said, “You (must study)very hard!" Next month,our school (hold)an English speech contest.I(prepare)for it these days.I hope I can win a prize! 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 答案区 演练-：1.A2.A3.A4.C5.B6.B7B8.B9.C10.A 1.are reading 2.visited 3.study 4.arrives 5.mustn't park 6.could finish 7.must be returned 8.were having 9.has lived 10.needn't have bought 1.have learned 2.should practice 3.speak 4.will improve 5.met 6.asked 7.helped 8.could express 9must have studied 10.will hold/is going to hold 11.am preparing