基础词法 冠词与数词系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 基础词法冠词与数词系统讲解 语法专项 冠词与数词系统讲解 基础词法专项突破 考频分析 冀教版高中英语基础词法中，冠词与数词是重要语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷 核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（基础考察，影 响名词搭配的准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，冠词的泛指特指及数词的固定搭配往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。冠词基本用法：定冠词the、不定冠词a/an及零冠词的辨析与适用场景 ·数词分类应用：基数词、序数词的构成规则与功能，分数、倍数、小数的表达 。语境综合运用：冠词在特指与泛指中的选择，数词与主谓一致、名词单复数的搭配 知识点一：冠词与数词系统讲解 1.不定冠词(a/an,表泛指一个) 1.用法区别： ·a用于辅音音素开头的单词前(a book) 。an用于元音音素开头的单词前(an apple/an hour) 2.例句： ·She needs a pen to write..(辅音音素开头，表泛指) 。There is an umbrella in the corner.(元音音素开头，表泛指) 2.定冠词(the,表特指或双方已知) 1.常见用法： 。特指上文提到的人V物(the girl) ·指世界上独一无二的事物(he sun) 1 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 基础词法冠词与数词系统讲解 ·用在序数词/最高级前(the first floor/the tallest boy) 2.例句： ·The teacher you met yesterday is my aunt.(特指上文提到的老师) ·The earth goes around the sun.(独一无二事物) 3.零冠词（不用冠词，表泛指或固定搭配） 1.常见情况： 。复数名词表泛指(Books are helpful) 。学科/语言名词(Math is difficult) ·球类运动前(play basketball) 2.例句： ●Students should study hard.(复数表泛指) ●We learn English at school.(语言名词零冠词) 4.基数词（表示数量，如one,two,three) 1.基本构成： ·1-l2独立拼写(one至twelve) ●13-19加后缀-teen(thirteen) ●20-90加后缀-ty(thirty) 2.例句： ●There are twenty students in our class.(表示具体数量) 。My father is forty years old.(年龄表达) 5.序数词（表示顺序，如first,second) 1.构成规则： ·一般在基数词后加-h(four→fourth) ●特殊变化(one→first,two→second,three→third) 2.例句： ·He got the first prize in the competition.(表示顺序) ·February is the second month of the year.(月份顺序) 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 基础词法冠词与数词系统讲解 知识点二：冠词与数词系统详解 1.不定冠词(a/an,表泛指”一个”，用于单数可数名词前) 1.用法区别 ●a用于辅音音素开头的单词前（如a book,a university) 。an用于元音音素开头的单词前（如an apple,an hour) 2.常见搭配 。表示'某一个”：There is a girl in the classroom. 。表示'泛指一类人/物'：A doctor helps sick people, 。用于固定短语：have arest(休息一下)、in a hurry(匆忙地) 3.例句： ·She bought a useful dictionary yesterday.(useful以辅音音素j/开头，用a) ·An honest boy never tells lies.(honest以元音音素/o/开头，用an) 2.定冠词(the,表特指”这个/那个/这些/那些”) 1.用法场景 。特指上文提到过的人/物：I saw a cat.The cat was black. ·特指双方都知道的人/物：Pass me the salt,.please, 。用于独一无二的事物前：the sun(太阳)、the Great Wall(长城) ●用于序数词、形容词最高级前：the first lesson(第一课)、the tallest boy(最高的男孩) 2.例句： 。The book on the desk is mine.(特指桌上的那本书) 。We visited the Summer Palace last week.('颐和园'是独一无二的景点，用the) 3.零冠词（不使用冠词） 1.用法规则 ·用于复数可数名词和不可数名词表泛指：Dogs are loyal animals.、Water is important for life. ●用于三餐、球类运动前：have breakfast(吃早餐)、play basketball(打篮球) ·用于学科、语言名称前：learn math(学数学)、speak Chinese(说中文) 2.例句： ·Students should read books every day.(books表泛指，不用冠词) 3 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 基础词法冠词与数词系统讲解 ·He usually plays football after school.(球类运动前不加the) 4.基数词（表示数量，如one,two,three.) 1.基本构成 1-12:one,two...twelve ●I3-l9:-teen结尾(thirteen,.fourteer.nineteen) ●20-90：-ty结尾(twenty,.thirty.ninety) 。几十几：整十数+连字符+个位数(twenty-one,thirty-five) 2.用法 ●表示数量：There are thirty students in our class.. ●表示年龄：She is twelve years old. ●表示编号：Room502(502房间)、Page10(第10页) 3.例句： 。My father bought two hundred books for the library.(两百本书，hundred前有具体数字时不加s) 。There are three hundred and sixty-five days in a year.(一年有365天，百位和十位间加and) 5.序数词（表示顺序，如first,,second,.third) 1.基本构成 ●1-3：first,second,third 。4-l9:基数词+-th(fourth,fifth.nineteenth,注意fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth特殊变化) 。20以上：整十数去y加-ieth(twentieth,thirtieth),几十几：序数词+连字符+基数词(twenty-first, thirty-second 2.用法 ●表示顺序：He got the first prize in the competition. ·表示日期：June 1st(6月1日)、the fifth of March(3月5日) 3.例句： ●This is my third time to visit Beijing.(这是我第三次去北京) ·The twenty-second Olympic Games were held in 1980.(第22届奥运会于l980年举办) 6.数词的常见搭配与易错点 1.分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时分母加s(1/3 one third,2/5 two fifths) 4 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 基础词法冠词与数词系统讲解 2.倍数：”A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”(This room is twice as big as that one.) 3.概数：hundred/thousand/million前无具体数字时加s且与of连用(hundreds of people数百人，thousands of trees数千棵树) 4.例句： ·Two thirds of the students are from the city.(三分之二的学生来自城市) ·Millions of stars are shining in the sky.(天上有数百万颗星星在闪烁) 知识点三：冠词与数词系统 1.不定冠词(a/an) 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背）： 。泛指某类人或事物中的一个→例句：I have a dog.It's very cute. 。用于可数名词单数前，表示，一个”一例句：There is an apple on the table 。用于首次提到的人或事物前→例句：She saw a cat in the garden ·表示”每一”，相当于per→例句：We go to school five days a week. ·用于某些固定搭配中一例句：have a good time(玩得开心) 。用于感叹句中，修饰可数名词单数→例句：What a beautiful day!! 。拖延时间→例句：ait a minute. ·表示'某一个”→例句：AMr.Wang is looking for you.. 。用于某些抽象名词前，表示”一种，一类”→例句：It's a pleasure to meet you. 。用于专有名词前，表示”一个像…的人”→ 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： 。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前→例句：a university(一所大学)， an hour(一个小时) 。有些单词以元音字母开头，但发音是辅音音素，用a→例句：a European country(一个欧洲国家) ·有些单词以辅音字母开头，但发音是元音音素，用an→例句：an honest boy(一个诚实的男孩) 2.定冠词(the) 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背)： ·特指某（些）人或某（些）事物→例句：The book on the desk is mine. ·指双方都知道的人或事物→例句：Open the window,please. 。指上文提到过的人或事物→例句：He has a pen.The pen is red. 。用于世界上独一无二的事物前→例句：The sun is bigger than the moon 5 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 基础词法冠词与数词系统讲解 ·用于序数词和形容词最高级前一→例句：He is the first one to arrive..This is the best book I have ever read 。用于乐器名称前→例句：She plays the piano very wel. 。用于某些形容词前，表示一类人→例句：The old should be respected 。用于姓氏复数前，表示”…一家人”或…夫妇”→例句：The Smiths are having dinner. ●用于江河湖海、山脉、群岛等专有名词前→ 2.不用冠词（零冠词)： ●表示泛指的复数名词前→例句：Dogs are our friends. 。表示学科名称的名词前→例句：Math is my favorite subject. 。表示季节、月份、星期的名词前→例句：Spring is a beautiful season.We have English class on Monday. 。表示三餐、球类运动的名词前→例句：I have breakfast at7o'clock.He likes playing basketball. 。用于某些固定搭配中→例句：at school(在学校)，by bus(乘公共汽车) 。称呼语或表示头衔的名词前→例句：.Li is our teacher. ·名词前已有this,that,my,your,some,any等限定词时→例句：This is my book 。表示职位、身份的名词在句中作表语、同位语时→例句：He was elected president of the club, 3.数词 1.基数词（中考核心）： ●l-l2的基数词：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve ●I3-l9的基数词：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen ·20-90的整十数：twenty,,thirty,.forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,.ninety 。21-99的非整十数：几十加几，中间用连字符连接→例句：twenty-.one,thirty-five 。100及以上的基数词：hundred(百)，thousand(千)，million(百万)，billion(十亿)，前面有 具体数字时用单数，无具体数字表示”许多”时用复数，后面加of→例句：two hundred(两百)， hundreds of(成百上千) 2.序数词（中考易错）： 。1-3的序数词：first,second,third ·4-l9的序数词：在基数词后加-th,注意特殊变化：five→fifth,eight-→eighty-→eightieth,nine→ninth, twelve→wentieth ·20及以上的序数词：整十数的序数词是将基数词的词尾-y变为-i,再加-th,非整十数是将个位 数变为序数词→例句：twenty-→twentieth,thirty-→thirty-→thirtieth,twenty-one→twenty-first 6 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 基础词法冠词与数词系统讲解 考法精析 考法一：冠词、数词与情态动词的综合应用 核心：结合语境正确使用冠词(a/an/the/零冠词)、数词（基数词/序数词）及情态动词（表能力、推 测、义务等)，判断语法正确性。 真题1（单项选择)： -Which is month of a year? -July,the month.And we go swimming in July. A.hot;seven;can B.the hottest;seventh;can C.hottest;seven;must D.the hotter;seventh;must 答案：B 解析：第一空由'of a year”可知表特指一年中最热的月份，用'the hottest'”;第二空表示，第七个月”， 用序数词”seventh”;第三空表能够去游泳”，用情态动词”can”表能力。 真题2（语法填空)： There are(twelve)months in a year.December is the(twelve)month.You_(should)eat too much sugar because it's bad for teeth. 答案：twelve twelfth shouldn't 解析：第一空表数量”十二个月”，用基数词"twelve”:第二空表顺序第十二个月”，用序数词twelfth”; 第三空根据bad for teeth'”可知表”不应该”，用'shouldn't”。 解题小妙招 冠词用法妙招 特指双方已知人或物，定冠词he来相助： 泛指一类人或事物，不定冠词a/an来称呼。 综合应用妙招 非谓时态语态要辨明，情态动词原形跟： 冠词特指用the,泛指a/an莫忘记： 三者结合看语境，语法规则记心间。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.honest boy helped_old lady cross the street yesterday. AA;an B An;the C The;a D An;an 7 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 基础词法冠词与数词系统讲解 2.My parents suggested to the beach for vacation,but I want to the mountains. A going;to go B to go;going Cgo;go Dgoing;going 3.You_have told me the news earlier-I missed the important meeting! A must B should Cneed Dwould 4.in the dark forest,the little girl felt scared and started crying. A Lost B Losing C To lose D Having lost 5.This is third time I've reminded you to bringumbrella today. A the;an B a;the C/;an Dthe;/ 6.The teacher said we finish the project by Friday,but itbe difficult. A must;might B can;should Cneed;must D may;can't 7.I heard him the song twice yesterday,and now he is seen-it again. A sing;singing B singing;sing C sing;sing D singing;singing 8.-well is important for students,but it's also necessary_enough exercise. A Study;take B To study,taking C Studying;to take D Studying;take 9.Youpark here-there's a sign saying"No Parking".If you do,you-get a fine. A mustn't;might B needn't;can C won't;should D couldn't;must 10.-carefully before you answer the question.You make mistakes if you're too hurry. A Think,must B To think;might C Thinking;should D Think;might 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He decided _(learn)French next semester because he wants _(study)in Paris. 2.-(see)from the top of the tower,the city looks even more beautiful at night. 3.You _(not need)to buy so much bread-we still have some left from yesterday. 8 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 基础词法冠词与数词系统讲解 4.The children are looking forward to(visit)the science museum this weekend. 5.girl in red is my cousin,and she ismost outgoing person in our family. 6.The book(write)by Lu Xun is still popular among young readers today. 7.She(must finish)her homework already,for the light in her room is off. 8.(improve)your pronunciation,you should practice(read)aloud every morning. 9.My mother often tells me_(not spend)too much time_(play)computer games. 10.(be)honest,I don't think he(can solve)the problem by himself. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,I planned to go to_()library to borrow some books.On my way,I saw a little boy -(cry)at the bus stop.He looked lost,so I decided-(help)him.I asked himhe lived,but he couldn't remember the address clearly. While(wait)for his parents,we talked about his hobbies.He said he liked-(paint)and wanted _(become)an artist.I praised his dream and told him he_(must work)hard to achieve it.After about half an hour,his mother arrived,(thank)me again and again. Though I missed(visit)the library that day,I felt happy.Sometimes,(help)others brings more joy than sticking to our own plans. 参考答案 演练-：1.B2.A3B4.A5.A6.A7.A8.C9.A10D 演练二： 1.to learn:to study 2.Seen 3.needn't 4.visiting 5.The;the 6.written 7.must have finished 9 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 基础词法 冠词与数词系统讲解 8.To improve;reading 9.not to spend;playing 10.To be;can solve 演练三： 1.the 2.crying 3.to help 4.where 5.waiting 6.painting 7.to become 8.must work 9.thanking 10.visiting 11.helping 10