基础词法 介词与连词系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪外版）

高中基础词法沪外版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 介词与连词系统讲解 语法专项突破 考频分析 沪外版高中英语基础词法中，介词与连词是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿试 卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-2题、书面表达核心考察，直接 影响句子逻辑关系与结构完整性。在语境理解类题目中，介词的固定搭配及连词的逻辑关系辨析往 往是解题关键。 考查内容 。介词分类应用：时间介词(in/on/at)、地点介词(in/on/at)、方式介词(by/with/through)的辨析与 固定搭配 ·连词功能辨析：并列连词(and/but/or)、从属连词(if/because/although)、关系连词(which/who/that) 的句法作用与逻辑关系判断 ·语境综合运用：介词短语作定语状语的句法功能，连词引导状语从句（时间/条件/原因）与名词性 从句（宾语/主语）的连接规则 知识点一：介词与连词的分类及基础用法 1.介词（连接名词/代词与其他成分，表关系） 。常见类型：时间介词(at/in/on)、地点介词(in/on/under)、方位介词(to/towards/from)、方式介 词(by/with/im) 。例句 1.We will meet at3p.m.(时间介词，表具体时刻) 2.The book is on the desk.(地点介词，表表面接触) 2.连词（连接词短语/句子，表逻辑关系) ●并列连词（连接并列成分）：and(和)、but(但是)、or(或者)、s0(所以) 例句：She likes singing and dancing./He tried hard but failed. 1 高中基础词法沪外版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。从属连词（引导从句）：because(因为)、f(如果)、when(当…时)、that(引导宾语从句) 例句：I was late because the bus broke down./She said that she would come. 知识点二：常用介词与连词辨析 1.常用介词（表示时间、地点、方式等关系） 1.时间介词 ●at(具体时刻)：at7:30a.m.（在早上7：30)、at noon(在中午) 。in(年/月/季节/泛指上午/下午/晚上)：in2023(在2023年)、in March(在三月)、in summer(在 夏天)、in the morning(在早上) 。on(具体日期/星期/节日)：on June lst(在6月1日)、on Monday(在周一)、on Teachers'Day (在教师节) 2.地点介词 ●in（在…内部)：in the classroom(在教室里)、in China(在中国) 。on(在…表面)：on the desk(在桌子上)、on the street(在街上) 。at(小地点/具体位置)：at the bus stop(在公交站)、at home(在家) 3.方式介词 ·by(交通工具/方式)：by bus(乘公交车)、by reading(通过阅读) ·with(用工具/伴随)：write with a pen(用钢笔写)、play with friends(和朋友玩) ●in(用语言/材料)：in English(用英语)、in red(穿红色衣服) 2.常用连词（连接词、短语或句子） 1.并列连词 。and(和，表并列)：I like apples and bananas..(我喜欢苹果和香蕉。) ·but(但是，表转折)：She is young but clever..(她很年轻但很聪明。) ·or(或者，表选择)：Do you want tea or coffee?(你想要茶还是咖啡？) ·so(所以，表结果)：He studied hard,so he passed the exam.(他努力学习，所以通过了考试。) 2.从属连词（引导从句） 。because(因为，引导原因状语从句)：I stayed at home because it rained.(因为下雨，我待在了家 里。) ·if(如果，引导条件状语从句)：If it is sunny tomorrow,we will go hiking.(如果明天晴天，我们 就去远足。) 。when(当…时候，引导时间状语从句)：I was reading when he came in..(他进来时我正在读书。) 高中基础词法沪外版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·that(引导宾语从句，无意义可省略)：She said(hat)she was happy.(她说她很高兴。) 知识点三：介词与连词系统讲解 1.常用介词及搭配（中考必背） 1.基础介词用法： 。in(在…里/后接时间段)→例句：There is a book in the bag./I will come back in three days. 。on(在…上/具体日期)→例句：The pen is on the desk./We have a party on July 1st. ·at(在…点/小地点)→例句：She gets up at6:00a.m./He arrived at the station. 。with(和…一起/用…工具)→例句：I go to school with my friend./Cut the apple with a knife. 。for(为了/特续…时间)→例句：This gift is for you./They waited for two hours.. 。from(从…)→例句：He comes from Beijing./We learn from each other ●to(到…/向…)→例句：She walks to school every day./Listen to the teacher carefully. 。by(通过…方式/被…)→例句：I go to work by bus../The book was written by Lu Xun.. ●about(关于…)→例句：They are talking about the movie./I wrote a story about my family 。between(在…之间，两者)→例句：There is a river between the two villages. 2.方位介词辨析（中考易错)： 。in/on/to(表位置)→例句：Shanghai is in the east of China.(在范围内)/Japan is to the east of China.(范围外不接壤)/Mongolia is on the north of China.(范围外接壤) 。across/through(穿过)→例句：alk across the street.(表面穿过)/Go through the forest..（内 部穿过) ·above/over/below/under(方位)-例句：The bird flies above the house..(上方不垂直)/There is a bridge over the river.(垂直上方)/The cat is under the chair.(垂直下方)/The temperature is below zero.(低于) 2.常用连词及用法（中考核心） 1.并列连词（连接并列成分)： 。and(和，表并列)→例句：I like apples and bananas. 。but(但是，表转折)→例句：She is young but clever.. 。or(或者/否则，表选择/条件)→例句：Do you like tea or coffee?/Hurry up,or you will be late. 。so(所以，表结果)→例句：He studied hard,so he passed the exam, 。for(因为，表补充说明)→例句：I didn’t go out,,for it was raining. 2.从属连词（引导从句)： 3 高中基础词法沪外版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。because(因为，引导原因状语从句)→例句：We stayed at home because it rained. 。if(如果，引导条件状语从句)→例句：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home. 。when（当…时，叼引导时间状语从句)→例句：I was reading when he came in. 。while(当…时/然而，引导时间状语从句/表对比)→例句：While I was watching TV,mny brother was doing homework./She likes singing while her sister likes dancing. 。until（直到…才，引导时间状语从句)→例句：He waited until she came back. 。although/though(虽然，引导让步状语从句，不可与but连用)→例句：Although he is old,he works hard. 。so..that-…(如此…以至于，引导结果状语从句)→例句：He is so tall that he can reach the books on the shelf. 。if(是否，引导宾语从句)→例句：Idon't know if he will come tomorrow. 3.介词与连词的固定搭配（中考必背） 1.介词短语 ◆in order to(为了)→例句：He studies hard in order to get good grades. 。instead of(代替)→例句：He went to school instead of staying at home. 。because of(因为，后接名词/代词/动名词)→例句：HIe was late because of the heavy rain. 。thanks to(多亏)→例句：Thanks to your help,I finished the work on time 2.连词短语： ●as soon as(一…就)→例句：I will call you as soon as I arrive. ·so that(为了/以便，引导目的状语从句)→例句：He studies hard so that he can go to college, 。not only…but also…(不仅…而且…)一→例句：She can not only sing but also dance 考法精析 考法一：时间介词辨析 核心：根据时间名词的类型（年月/季节、具体日期/星期、具体时刻），选择正确的时间介词(in/on/at) 真题1（语法填空）： We usually have a school tripspring. 答案：in 解析：由时间名词“spring”(季节)可知，应用时间介词in,表示在某个季节，故填in。 真题2（完形填空）： My birthday is_June 15th.I always have a party on that day. 4 高中基础词法沪外版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 A.in B.on C.at D.for 答案：B 解析：由时间名词“June15th”(具体日期)可知，应用时间介词o,表示在具体某一天，故选B。 考法二：介词与连词的易混点辨析 核心：根据语境判断介词的含义及用法差异，区分功能相近连词的逻辑关系 真题1（语法填空）： Japan is_the east of China while Vietnam is-the south of China. 答案：toon 解析：日本在中国范围外部且不接壤，用to:越南在中国范围外部且接壤，用o。 真题2（完形填空)： -it is raining heavily,we still decide to go out. A.Because B.Though C.If D.Since 答案：B 解析：“下大雨”与“决定外出”为转折关系，though表“尽管”符合逻辑：because表直接原因，if 表条件，since表已知原因，均不符合语境。 考法三：介词与连词在复杂句式中的综合运用 核心：结合具体语境，准确辨析介词与连词的用法，掌握特殊句式中两者的搭配及逻辑关系运用 真题1（单项选择)： _the morning of June 1st,we will have a party_we can sing and dance together. A.In;so B.On;but C.On;where D.In;if 答案：C 解析：第一空“6月1日上午”是具体日期的上午，用时间介词on:第二空引导定语从句修饰先行 词paty,指地点，用关系副词where。 真题2（语法填空)： He succeeded_the exam because he studied hard.he had any questions,he would ask his teacher for help. 答案：in;When 解析：第一空固定搭配succeed in(成功做某事)：第二空根据逻辑关系，“当他有问题时”用从属 连词when引导时间状语从句。 解题小妙招 5 高中基础词法沪外版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 介词连词妙招 时间介词看类型，年季月前用in:具体日期星期前，on来搭配最准确：时刻前面用at,固定搭配要 牢记。 介词连词细辨析，功能差异是关键；方位介词to/on/im,范围接壤来区分；连词逻辑要理清，因果 because/since,条件if让步though,转折关系用though。 综合运用有技巧，具体日期o开头；as引导让步句，表语提前要倒装；比较状语用than,固定搭 配记心间；否定介词置句首，部分倒装需注意。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.We will have a picnicSunday morning. A.in B.on C.at D.for 2.My grandmother was bornthe 1950s. A.in B.on C.at D.by 3.-she is young,she has already published three books. A.Because B.If C.Though D.Since 4.He succeededworking hard day and night. A.by B.with C.in D.through 5.I don't know he will arrive on time or not. A.if B.whether C.that D.what 6.Shanghai liesthe east of China,while Japan is the east of China. A.in;to B.on;in C.to;on D.in;on 7.you come back,please call me immediately. A.Whatever B.Whoever C.Whenever D.However 8.She speaks English-clearly_everyone can understand her A.so;that B.such;that C.as;as D.too;to 9.The girl I talked yesterday is my best friend A.to whom B.whom C.which D.with who 10.Under no circumstancestell lies to our parents. A.we should B.should we C.we can D.can we 演练二：填空试题 1.We usually have dinner_7 p.m.every day. 2.He solved the problem_a new method instead the traditional one. 6 高中基础词法沪外版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.-it was cold,they still went swimming in the lake. 4.This is the city which I spent my childhood. 5.She is not only good at singing-also skilled in dancing. 6.The meeting was canceled_the heavy snow. 7.you study harder,you will fall behind others 8.The book_cover is red belongs to my sister. 9.He ran fast he won the race easily. 10.the end of the term,we will have a final exam. 演练三：语法填空试题 It was a bright morning-(1)July 10th.My friends and I planned to climb a mountain.-(2)we got to the foot of the mountain,we were surprised to see many people already there.Some were warming up,while others were taking photos.My friend Tom is_(3)tall(4)he could see the top of the mountain clearly. We should start now,”he said,.”_(5)we may miss the best view.” As we climbed,we met an old man(6)whom we shared our water.He told us stories about the mountain and warned us_(7)the steep path ahead.(8)tired we felt,we kept going.Finally,we reached the top _(9)noon.The scenery was(10)beautiful that we forgot all our fatigue. (11)the end of the day,we returned home happily.This trip taught us that teamwork and persistence are the keys to success. 答案区 演练-：1B2.A3.C4.A5B6.A7.C8.A9.A10.B 1.at 2.by;of 3.Though/Although 4.in 5.but 6.because of 7.Unless 8.whose 9.so;that 10.At 演练三：1.on2.When3.so4.that5.or6.with7.about8.However9.at10.so11.At 7