特殊结构与综合语法 省略与替代系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪外版）

高中沪外版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 语法专版 省略与替代系统讲解 沪外版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 沪外版高中特殊结构与综合语法中，省略与替代是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯 穿试卷核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-2题、阅读理解（辅助理解长难 句，提升阅读效率)。在语境逻辑类题目中，省略的成分还原及替代词的指代一致性往往是解题关 键。 考查内容 。基本省略规则：简单句中主语、谓语、宾语的省略条件，并列句中相同成分的省略，复合句中从句 主语和be动词的省略 。替代词应用：one/ones,that/those,it的指代区别与选择，so/hot替代前文内容的固定句型 。语境替代结构：do/does/did替代前文动词避免重复，情态动词+have done的省略表达，对话中的简 略回答与情境匹配 知识点一：省略与替代系统讲解 1.省略（避免重复，使语言简洁） 1.常见类型 ·简单句中省略主语（祈使句） 。省略谓语动词及后续部分 。并列句中省略相同成分 2.例句： ·You)Open the door,please.(省略主语You,祈使句) ●He didn't come,but she(came).(省略谓语动词came) 2.替代（用替代词替换重复内容） 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 1.代词替代： ·t(指代前文单数名词/不可数名词) ·they/them(指代复数名词) 。例句：The book is interesting.I bought it yesterday.(it替代the book) 2.助动词替代： ·do/does/did(替代前文实义动词) ·例句：She sings well,and her sister does too.(does替代sings) 3.分句替代： 。$0(肯定前文内容) ·not(否定前文内容) 。例句：一Is he coming?一I think so./I hope not.(so替代he is coming,not替代he isn't coming) 3.常见固定结构中的省略与替代 1.比较状语从句：than/as后省略主语和部分谓语 2.例句：She runs faster than I(do).(省略do) 3.不定式省略：保留to省略动词原形 4.例句：He wanted to go,.but I asked him not to(go).(省略go) 知识点二：省略与替代常见用法 1.不定式省略（保留to,省略动词原形） 1.适用场景：上文已出现过相同动词，避免重复 2.例句： ●Ie wanted to go shopping,but I didn't want to..(to后省略go shopping) ·She asked me to help her,and I was happy to.(to后省略help her) 3.例外情况：使役动词let/nake/have和感官动词see/hear等后接不定式作宾补时省略to,但被动语态 需还原to 4.例句： ●主动：Ve saw him enter the room.(省略to) ●被动：He was seen to enter the room.(还原to) 2.s0和not替代（避免重复上文内容） 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 1.so替代肯定内容（用于hope,think,believe等后） 2.例句： ●A:Will it rain tomorrow?B:I think so.(so替代it will rain tomorrow) 。She said she would come,and so she did.(so强调“确实如此”) 3.not替代否定内容（用于hope,think,believe等后） 4.例句： .A:Has he finished the work?B:I'm afraid not.(not he hasn't finished the work) 。She said she wouldn't come,and so it was.(so it was呼应前文否定) 3.代词替代（避免名词重复） 1.one/ones替代可数名词（泛指同类事物） 2.例句： ●I need a pen.Can you lend me one'?(one替代apen) ●These books are old..I want to buy new ones.(ones替代books) 3.that/hose替代不可数名词或特指的可数名词（有后置定语） 4.例句： The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(that the weather) The students here are more active than those in Class 2.(those the students) 4.状语从句省略（主从句主语一致且含be动词） 1.时间/条件/让步状语从句省略主语和be动词 2.例句： ·When (he was)walking in the street,he met an old friend.(省略he was) ·f(itis)necessary,.we will help you.(省略itis) 3.比较状语从句省略与主句重复的成分 4.例句： ●He runs faster than I(un).(省略run) ·This book is as interesting as that(is).(省略is) 知识点三：省略与替代系统 1.不定式省略（保留to) 3 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。want to(想要做)→例句：He wants to play footbal,and I want to too. 。plan to(计划做)→例句：She plans to visit Paris,,and I plan to as well.. ·hope to(希望做)一例句：We hope to win,.and they hope to too. ·try to(s努力做)→例句：He tries to finish early,.and I try to as well. 。decide to(决定做)→例句：I decide to study abroad,and she decides to too. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： 。动词+宾语+todo省略to的情况（使役/感官动词）→例句：Let him go.(let后省略to) 。被动语态中还原to一例句：He was made to work 12 hours a day.（主动make sb.do变为被动be made to do) 2.代词替代 1.基础替代用法（中考必背）： ·it指代前文提到的单数名词/不可数名词→例句：The book is interesting.I want to read it. 。one指代同类不同物的单数名词→例句：I have a red pen,and she has a blue one. ·ones指代同类不同物的复数名词→例句：These apples are sweet,but those ones are sour. 。that指代前文提到的不可数名词/特指单数名词（避免重复）→例句：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. 3.状语从句省略 1.常见省略结构（中考常考）： 。when/while+分词（主从句主语一致时省略主语+be)→例句：When reading,he always takes notes.(完整句：When he is reading..) 。if+分词（条件状语从句省略）→例句：Ifheated,ice will turn into water.(完整句：If itisheated..) 。比较状语从句省略（保留核心成分）→例句：She runs faster than I do.(do替代un,避免重复) 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词作宾语补足语及不定式符号0的省略与还原 核心：判断使役动词、感官动词后接宾补时不定式符号o的省略情况（主动语态可省，被动语态 需还原) 真题1（语法填空）： The teacher made us(clean)the classroom after school. 4 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 答案：clean 解析：make为使役动词，主动语态中后接宾补时不定式符号to可省略，故填动词原形clean。 真题2（单项选择)： He was seen_into the room just now. A.go B.to go C.going D.goes 答案：B 解析：se为感官动词，被动语态中作宾补的不定式符号to需还原，故填togo。 考法二：非谓语动词与名词性从句融合考查 核心：在名词性从句中正确使用非谓语动词（不定式/动名词/分词），结合从句功能判断非谓语形式 真题1（语法填空）： It is important that we keep_(study)English every day. 答案：studying 解析：it为形式主语，that引导主语从句：keep后接动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配keep doing sth. (持续做某事)。 真题2（单项选择）： The teacher asked us_attention to what he was saying. A.pay B.paying C.to pay D.paid 答案：C 解析：asked后接宾语从句（省略引导词that),从句中包含固定搭配ask sb.to do sth,此处us为宾 语，不定式to pay作宾语补足语。 考法三：名词性从句与省略替代的综合运用 核心：识别名词性从句中的引导词，结合语境运用省略与替代规则简化表达 真题1（单项选择）： -Could you tell methe meeting will start? -I'm not sure,but I think _at 9:00. A.when;so B.that;it C.how;not D.if;this 答案：A 解析：第一空为宾语从句，由答语“at9:00”可知询问时间，用when引导；第二空根据语境“我认 为会在9点开始”，用so替代前文“the meeting will start at9:00”,符合“so替代肯定内容”规则。 真题2（语法填空）： The teacher asked_we had finished our homework.I said I thought_ 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 答案：if/whether,so 解析：第一空引导宾语从句，表“是否”，可用f或whether:第二空根据语境“我认为完成了”，用 so替代“we had finished our homework”,符合“hope/think等后用so替代肯定内容”的用法。 解题小妙招 非谓语动词妙招 使役感官接宾补，主动o省被动还： 名词性从句中非谓，功能搭配是关键： suggest后接动名词，ask sb后不定式： 替代词用t或so,指代内容要分清： t替具体事物，so代前文所述事。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My parents always encourage me-part in after-school activities. A.take B.taking C.to take D.took 2.The little girl was heardloudly in the next room last night. A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.cries 3.English well requires a lot of practice every day. A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Learned 4.I have no idea-the meeting will start.Let's ask the manager. A.when B.that C.what D.how 5.He suggesteda picnic this weekend,but we didn't agree with_ A.having;it B.to have;that C.have;so D.having;so 6.It is necessary-we keep quiet in the library. A.whether B.what C.that D.how 7.The boy was made-his homework again because of carelessness. A.do B.to do C.doing D.done 8.Do you knowshe is looking for?I saw her searching the desk just now. A.who B.which C.what D.when 9.in the sun for too long is bad for your skin. A.Sit B.Sitting C.To sit D.Sat 6 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 10.The teacher asked us_attention to the pronunciation while reading. A.pay B.paying C.to pay D.paid 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.My brother hopes_(become)a doctor in the future. 2.It is a waste of time(argue)with him about this matter. 3.She was seen_(enter)the building with a heavy bag an hour ago. 4.The fact_he passed the exam surprised all of us. 5.Keep_(try),and you will finally succeed. 6.I don't know whether(accept)his invitation or not. 7.The manager ordered the workers_(finish)the task before Friday. 8.(swim)is one of the best ways to keep healthy. 9.It is important that we avoid(make)the same mistake again. 10.He told me that he had already given up_(smoke). 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Reading is a good habit,but many students find it hard to(1)-(read)regularly.Some say they don't have enough time,while others complain that books are boring.However,the truth(2)-reading can bring countless benefits is undeniable. First,reading helps us gain knowledge.Whether (3)(read)novels,history books,or science articles, we can learn about different cultures,past events,and new technologies.For example,what we read from history books teaches us(4)(avoid)repeating past mistakes. Second,reading improves our language skills.It is important that we keep (5)(expose)to good writing styles,which can help us write better.Many famous writers admit that their success comes from years of (6)(read)great works. Finally,reading reduces stress.Studies show that spending 30 minutes a day(7)(read)can make us feel more relaxed than watching TV or playing video games. In conclusion,it is never too late(8)(start)reading.Let's make a plan(9)(read)at least one book a month.Remember:the more we read,the more we grow.So,don't wait-pick up a book and start(10)_ (read)now! 7 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3B4.A5D6.C7B8.C9.B10.C 1.to become 2.arguing 3.to enter 4.that 5.trying 6.to accept 7.to finish 8.Swimming 9.making 10.smoking 1.reading 2.that 3reading 4.to avoid5.exposing 6.reading 7.reading 8.to start 9.to read 10.reading P