特殊结构与综合语法 省略与替代系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中冀教版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 语法专版 省略与替代系统讲解 冀教版高中英语语法全全解 考频分析 冀教版高中特殊结构与综合语法中，省略与替代是重要语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，涉 及试卷多个关键题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-2题、阅读理解（辅助理解 长难句，提升阅读效率)。在语境应用类题目中，省略的条件限制及替代词的指代一致性往往是解 题关键。 考查内容 。基本省略规则：简单句中主语、谓语、宾语的承前省略，并列句中相同成分的省略，复合句中宾语 从句、状语从句的引导词省略 ·替代词运用：one/ones,that/hos,it的指代功能与区别，so/mot对上文内容的替代，do/does/did对动 词的替代 ·语境应用：对话中的省略现象分析，书面语中避免重复的替代策略，不同语体中省略与替代的得体 性判断 知识点一：省略与替代系统讲解 1.省略（避免重复，使句子简洁） 1.常见类型： ·主语省略（祈使句） 。谓语省略（上下文明确时） ·宾语省略（动词后宾语与前文一致） 2.例句： ·(You)Open the door,please.(祈使句省略主语you) ·He likes apples,.and she(likes)bananas.(省略重复谓语likes) 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 2.替代（用替代词替换前文内容） 1.常见替代词： ·one/ones(替代可数名词) ·that/hose(替代不可数名词或特指可数名词) ·do/did(替代实义动词) 2.例句： ●I need a red pen..Can you pass me that one?(one替代pen) The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(that weather) He didn't finish his homework,but I did.(did finished my homework) 3.so/nor/neither的替代用法（表”也/也不） 1.结构： ·$0+助动词+主语（肯定） 。nor/neither-+助动词+主语（否定） 2.例句： ●He can swim,and so can I.(so替代”can swim') ●She doesn't like coffee,.nor do I.(nor替代”don't like coffee'”) 4.疑问词的替代功能（替代上文提到的内容） 1.常见疑问词： 。what(替代事物) ·who(替代人) ·how(替代方式) 2.例句： ·A:What did you buy?B:(I bought))A book.(what替代”你买的东西') 。A:How did he come?B:He came)By bus.(how替代”他来的方式) 知识点二：省略与替代系统 1.不定式省略（保留to,省略动词原形） 1.适用场景：上文已出现过相同动词，避免重复 高中冀教版 【语法专版】特殊结构与综合语法 2.常见结构：want to,.plan to,hope to,would like to等后接动词原形时，可省略动词原形，保留to 3.例句： ·—Would you like to go shopping with me?-Yes,I'd love to.(省略go shopping,保留to) ·She said she would call me,but she forgot to.(省略call me,保留to) 2.so/not替代（代替上文整句内容） 1.s0替代肯定内容，not替代否定内容 2.常见搭配：I think so,I hope so,.I believe so,.I'm afraid not,I hope not等 3.例句： .-Is it going to rain tomorrow?-I think so.(so it is going to rain tomorrow) ●一Can you finish the work today?I'n afraid not.(not替代Ican't finish the work today) 3.代词替代（避免名词重复） 1.人称代词替代前文提到的人或物(he/she/it/they/them) 2.例句：y brother is a teacher..He works in a high school..(he替代my brother) 3.指示代词替代上文内容(this/that/these//those) 4.例句：What's this?一It's a new book.This is my birthday present.(this替代上文提到的new book) 5.不定代词替代不确定的人或物(one/ones) 6.例句：Idon't like this pen.Please give me ared one.(one替代pen,避免重复) 4.助动词替代（替代前文出现的动词或动词短语） 1.do/does/did替代实义动词（用于一般现在时/过去时） 2.例句：—He studies hard.一So do I.(do替代study hard) 3.have/has/had替代现在完成时中的动词短语 4.例句：I have finished my homework.一Ie has too.(has替代has finished his homework) 5.will/would替代将来时中的动词短语 6.例句：I will go to the park.一I will too..(第二个will后省略go to the park) 5.that/those替代不可数名词或可数名词复数（避免重复） 1.that替代不可数名词或单数可数名词（特指） 2.例句：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(that替代weather) 3 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 3.those替代可数名词复数（特指） 4.例句：The books on the desk are newer than those on the shelf..(those替代books) 6.状语从句中的省略（主从句主语一致且含be动词时） 1.时间状语从句：when,while,.as引导时，可省略主语和be动词 2.例句：When (he was))walking in the street,.he met an old friend.(省略he was). 3.条件状语从句：if,unless引导时，可省略主语和be动词 4.例句：If(itis)necessary,.I will help you..(省略itis) 5.比较状语从句：hn,as引导时，可省略主语和be动词 6.例句：She is taller than I(am).(省略am) 知识点三：省略与替代系统 1.动词不定式的省略（保留o) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。want to(想要做)→例句：He wants to go shopping,and I want to too. ·plan to(计划做)→例句：She plans to study abroad,and her brother plans to as well. ·hope to(希望做)→例句：We hope to win the game,and they hope to too. ·tyto(努力做)→例句：I try to finish on time,.and he tries to as well. 。decide to(决定做)→例句：They decide to take a trip,and we decide to too. ·need to(需要做)→例句：She needs to rest,and he needs to as well. ·forget to(忘记做)→例句：I forget to lock the door,and she forgets to too ·remember to(记得做)→例句：He remembers to call his mom,and I remember to too. 2.替代词it/that/one的用法（中考易错） 1.基础指代区别（中考必背)： 。it指代上文提到的同一事物→例句：The book is interesting.I want to read it again. ·that指代同类事物（特指，单数/不可数）→例句：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. ·one指代同类事物（泛指，单数）→例句：Idon't like this pen.Can you give me another one? 。复数形式：ones一例句：These apples are small.I want the red ones, 3.so/neither/nor的替代用法（中考核心) 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 1.基础结构搭配（中考必背）： ·so+助动词+主语（肯定替代，主语不同)→例句：He likes English,and so do I. 。neither/nor+助动词+主语（否定替代，主语不同）→例句：She can't swim,and neither can I. 。so+主语+助动词（强调重复，主语相同）→例句：He said he would come,and so he did. 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词作定语辨析 核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动/被动）及动作发生时间（进行完成），选择 正确的非谓语形式(todo/doing/done) 真题1（语法填空)： I have a meeting(attend)tomorrow afternoon,so I can't go shopping with you. 答案：to attend 解析：此处需用不定式作后置定语修饰名词'meeting”,表示”将要参加的会议”，不定式表将来动 作，逻辑上”我”主动参加会议，故填to attend。 真题2（单项选择)： The girl in the classroom is my best friend. A.sing B.singing C.sung D.to sing 答案：B 解析：句中已有谓语动词is”,此处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰'girl”;”girl”与”sing”是主动关 系，且”唱歌”动作正在进行，应用现在分词singing,故选B。 考法二：非谓语动词与名词性从句融合 核心：在名词性从句中正确使用非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）作成分（主语、宾语、表 语、定语等) 真题1（语法填空）： It is important_(learn)English well.What we need is(practice)every day. 答案：to learn practicing 解析：第一空为it作形式主语，真正主语用不定式to learn:第二空为表语从句，is后接动名词 practicing作表语，表示抽象动作。 真题2（完形填空）： She asked me(help)her with the project.The idea(put forward)by her is very good. A.help putting B.to help put C.to help put forward D.help put forward 答案：C 5 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 解析：第一空ask sb to do sth用不定式to help;第二空idea后为分词短语作定语，put forward与idea 为被动关系，用过去分词put forward。. 考法三：名词性从句中的省略与替代综合应用 核心：在名词性从句中结合省略与替代规则，准确判断连接词及替代词的使用，简化语言表达并 保持句子完整 真题1（单项选择)： I thinknecessary to tell him the truth,and that's_I will do. A.it;what B.that;how C.this;why D.its;when 答案：A 解析：第一空用it作形式宾语替代真正的宾语从句to tell him the truth”,构成”think it+形容词+to do结构：第二空引导表语从句，且在从句中作do的宾语，应用连接代词what(替代”要做的事情”)。 真题2（语法填空）： She asked me whether I would go shopping with her,but I forgot_(tell)her I had no time.What's worse, the reason-I couldn't go was-I had to prepare for the exam. 答案：to;why,that 解析：第一空考查不定式省略，forgot to”后省略前文出现的动词原形tell”,保留to;第二空引导 定语从句，先行词reason在从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why:第三空引导表语从句，从句句意 完整，用hat连接(that在表语从句中无意义可省略，但此处因引导词位置需要保留)。 解题小妙招 非谓语作定看关系，主动进行用doing,被动完成用done,将来动作todo跟： 名从中作成分，主宾表语不定式，抽象动作动名词，被动完成用done: 名从省略与替代，whether后接todo,suggest后接doing,ask sb后todo跟，put forward被动done。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The project-next month requires a lot of preparation. A.carry out B.to carry out C.carrying out D.to be carried out 2.I can't standin public places. A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked 3.the early bus,he got up at 5 a.m. A.Catch B.Catching C.To catch D.Caught 6 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 4.The girl by the teacher is my deskmate. A.praise B.praising C.praised D.to praise 5.It is necessary-the environment.What we need is_more trees. A.protect plant B.to protect planting C.protecting to plant D.to protect plant 6.She asked meher with the homework.The idea_by her is helpful A.help putting forward B.to help put forward C.help put forward D.to help putting forward 7.I wonder whether-the party tonight is a good idea.Some friends suggest_it. A.attending holding B.to attend hold C.attend to hold D.to attend holding 8.The book on the desk is mine.I want_it to the library. A.lying return B.lay returning C.lying to return D.laid to return 9.English well,we needevery day. A.Learn practice B.To learn practicing C.Learning to practice D.To learn practice 10.The news-our team won the game made us excited. A.that B.what C.which D.when 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He decided(study)abroad next year. 2.The boy(read)in the library is my brother. 3.It is important_(keep)healthy.What we need is_(exercise)regularly. 4.She was seen_(enter)the building just now. 5.The problem_(discuss)yesterday is still unsolved. 6.I have a lot of work(do)this weekend. 7.(swim)is a good way to relax 8.The teacher told us_(not be)late for class 9.The film is so interesting that I want(watch)it again 10.(give)more time,I can finish the task better 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Learning English well is important for students.Many people find it difficult_(remember)new words. One way_(improve)vocabulary is-(read)English books every day.What we need is_(practice) reading for at least 30 minutes daily. 7 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 Students often ask how _(learn)grammar effectively.The key is(understand)the rules and apply them.Teachers suggest-(do)grammar exercises regularly.For example,-(solve)sentence structure problems can help master tenses. Another useful method is-(speak)English with others.The more you practice,the better you will become. Remember,_(learn)a language requires patience and persistence. 答案区 演练-：1D2B3.C4.C5.B6B7.D8.C9.B10.A 1.to study 2.reading 3.to keep exercising 4.to enter 5.discussed 6.to do 7.Swimming 8.not to be 9.to watch 10.Given 1.to remember 2.to improve 3.reading 4.practicing 5.to learn 6.to understand 7.doing 8.solving 9.speaking 10.learning