特殊结构与综合语法 省略与替代系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪教版）

高中沪教上海版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 语法专版 【专题】省略与替代系统讲解 高中语法专项突破 考频分析 沪教上海版高中特殊结构与综合语法中，省略与替代是重要语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左 右，覆盖试卷关键题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解（辅助理 解长难句，提升阅读效率)。在语境分析类题目中，省略的逻辑关系及替代词的指代一致性往往是 解题关键。 考查内容 。省略规则辨析：简单句中主语、谓语、宾语的省略条件，并列句中相同成分的省略，复合句中从句 主语和be动词的省略 ·替代词功能应用：one/ones、that/those指代前文名词的区别，it作形式主语/宾语及指代上文内容的 用法，so/not替代前文陈述的固定搭配 。语境中的灵话运用：日常交际用语中的省略现象（如省略主语、助动词），书面语中避免重复的替 代策略，根据上下文补全省略成分的逻辑推理 知识点一：省略与替代系统讲解 1.基本省略规则（避免重复，简化表达） 1.主语省略：对话中常见，尤其是祈使句或上下文明确时 例句：(_)Open the window,please./()Has finished the work already, 2.谓语省略：后句重复前句谓语时可省略 She likes apples,and he (bananas./I will go to the party if you () 3.宾语省略：宾语与前句重复时 He bought a book yesterday,but I didn't ()She asked for a pen,so I gave her () 2.替代词的用法（避免重复名词或动词短语） 高中沪教上海版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 1.one/ones(替代可数名词)：指代前文提到的同类事物 例句：I have ared pen.Do you have one?(one替代pen) These books are new;the old ones are on the shelf.(ones books) 2.hat/hose(替代不可数名词或特指复数名词)：强调同类不同物 例句：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai..(that替代weather) The students here work harder than those in that school.(those students) 3.so/either/nor(替代前文陈述的情况)：表“也/也不” 例句：He likes coffee,,and so do I.(so替代“1 like coffee”) She can't swim,neither can he.(neither替代“can'tswim”) 3.复合句中的省略（状语从句为主） 1.时间/条件/让步从句：主从句主语一致且从句含be动词时，可省略主语+be 例句：When()walking in the park,I met an old friend, If()possible,I will help you Though ()tired,he kept working. 2.比较状语从句：常省略与主句重复的部分 例句：She is taller than I(_) He runs faster than his brother () 4.日常交际中的固定省略表达 1.问候与回应：Hello!(_)/Fine,thanks.(_) 2.请求与答应：(_)Pass me the salt?/(_)Do it right away: 3.简短回答：(_)Like it?Yes,()./(_)Finished?Not yet.. 知识点二：省略与替代系统 1.不定式省略（保留o》 1.适用场景：上文已出现实义动词，下文再次提及同一动作时，可省略动词原形，保留不定式符号o 2.例句： 1.-Would you like to go shopping with me?-I'd love to () 2.She didn't come,but she promised to () 2.代词替代（人称物主/指示代词) 1.人称代词替代前文提到的人或事物（主格/宾格） 例句：Lily is kind.She often helps others.(She替代Lily) I met Tom yesterday.I gave him a book.(him Tom) 2 高中沪教上海版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 2.物主代词替代前文提到的名词所有格 例句：This is my pen..Yours is on the desk.(Yours替代your pen) Our classroom is big.Theirs is bigger.(Theirs their classroom) 3.指示代词替代上文提到的内容(this/that/these/.those) 例句：—What's this?一It's a cat.(this指代近处的事物) I bought some apples.These are red and those are green.(these//those分别指代近处和远处的苹果) 3.so/nor/neither替代前文陈述（表“也/也不”） 1.so用于肯定句，结构：s0+be动词/助动词情态动词+主语 例句：He likes English.So doI.(so替代“喜欢英语”) She can swim.So can he. 2.nor/neither用于否定句，结构：nor/neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语 例句：Idon’t like coffee.Neither do they.(neither替代“不喜欢咖啡”) He hasn't finished homework.Nor has she 4.t替代（形式主语/形式宾语/指代上文内容) 1.形式主语：替代不定式/从句作主语，避免句子头重脚轻 例句：It's important to learn English.(it替代to learn English) t's raining heavily..(it指代天气) 2.形式宾语：替代不定式/从句作宾语，放在动词后，真正宾语后置 例句：I find it easy to solve the problem.(it替代to solve the problem) He thinks it necessary that we study hard.(it替代that从句) 3.指代上文提到的单数事物/动物/婴儿 例句：The book is interesting.I like it very much.(it指代the book) -Where is the cat?-It's under the chair.(it cat) 知识点三：省略与替代系统 1.简单省略（中考基础） 1.对话中的省略→例句：一Do you like apples?一Yes,Ido.(省略like apples) 2.并列句中的省略→例句：He likes singing and she dancing.(省略likes) 3.不定式符号to的省略→例句：I can swim and she can too.(省略swim) 2.替代词用法（中考核心) 1.one/ones一例句：I have a red pen.I want to buy another one..(替代pen) 3 高中沪教上海版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 2.that/those→例句：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(替代weather) 3.so→例句：Is he a student?-I think so.(替代he is a student) 考法精析 考法一：省略与替代规则运用 核心：根据上下文语境判断重复成分，选择正确的省略形式或替代词 真题1（语法填空）： She likes reading novels,and her brother likes_too 答案：it 解析：此处指代前文提到的'reading novels'”这一抽象动作，用it替代不可数概念的动作。 真题2（单项选择)： The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than_in Beijing in summer. A one B that Cthose D this 答案：B 解析：比较状语从句中替代不可数名词weather,用that表示同类不同物的特指。 考法二：非谓语动词与省略的结合运用 核心：在状语从句省略主语和be动词的语境中，正确选择非谓语动词形式 真题1（语法填空）： -(see)from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful. 答案：Seen 解析：状语从句省略了主语the city和be动词was;主语the city与see之间是被动关系，故用过去 分词Seen。 真题2（完形填空)： While(walk)along the street,she met her old classmate. A.walk B.walking C.walked D.to walk 答案：B 解析：状语从句省略了主语she和be动词was:主语she与walk之间是主动关系，故用现在分词 walking。 考法三：名词性从句中的省略与替代现象 核心：识别名词性从句中与主句重复的成分省略，掌握it、that/hose等替代词在从句中的指代规则 真题1（单项选择）： The teacher saidhe would check our homework but didn't tell us when=. A.that;to do B.if,doing C.what;to D.whether;do 答案：A 4 高中沪教上海版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 解析：第一空引导宾语从句用that:第二空when后省略'check our homework”,保留不定式符号to。 真题2（语法填空）： It's important-we protect wild animals.The reason is-their living areas are becoming smaller. 答案：that,that 解析：第一空it作形式主语，真正主语为that从句：第二空that引导表语从句。 解题小妙招 替代重复看对象，单数可数用one,复数those别忘记： 不可数与抽象义，that替代最适宜，it指代同物要牢记： 状语从句若省略，主语一致是前提，主被动关系辨清晰； 主动进行用doing,被动完成done来替，主语be动词都省去。 非谓作主有讲究，todo/doing可担当，done原形不能用： suggest后接doing,介词之后动名跟，主被动关系先分明： 名词性从句连接词，是否含义用whether/if,陈述用that无意义： 非谓名从综合考，固定搭配先记牢，上下文语境细推敲。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.My sister enjoys playing the piano,and my brother likes-too. A it B one Cthat D those 2.The population of China is larger than_of any other country in the world. A this B that Cthese Dthose 3.carefully if you want to avoid making mistakes. A Listening B To listen CListen DListened 4.The teacher noticed a studentin class and asked him to stand up. A sleep B slept Csleeping D to sleep 5.-we will hold the sports meeting next week hasn't been decided yet. A That B If C Whether DWhat 6.She asked me_I had seen her lost notebook in the library. A that B if Cwhat Dhow 7.While-for the bus,I met an old friend from primary school. A wait B waited C waiting Dto wait 8.The film was so moving that many people couldn't help_. A cry B to cry Ccrying Dcried 高中沪教上海版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 9.English every day is a good way to improve your language skills. A Practise B Practising C Practised D To practising 10.He suggestedthe problem together instead of arguing. A solve B solving Cto solve D solved 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The little girl promised(not tell)lies again. 2.This book is more interesting thanI read last month. 3.(be)honest,I don't agree with your decision. 4.My parents always encourage me_(follow)my dreams. 5.The question is_we can finish the work before Friday. 6.He was late for school because of(miss)the early bus. 7.The students are discussing-they should choose a science or art major. 8.(see)from the sky,the city looks like a big garden. 9.I can't find my pen.Did you see_on the desk just now? 10.She told me that she_(visit)her grandparents the next weekend. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Learning a foreign language is challenging,but it can also be enjoyable.Many students wonder how (improve)their language skills quickly.One effective way is (practice)every day,such as reading English books or_(watch)English movies. -is important to remember that language learning requires patience.When_(face)difficulties,don't give up easily.Instead,ask your teacher for help or discuss problems with classmates.Some students even join study groups,where they can learn from each other and stay motivated. Another key tip is to use the language in real life.For example,try(speak)English with native speakers if possible.You'll find that-you practice regularly,your confidence will grow. Many successful learners say that what matters most is -(keep)a positive attitude.They believe that anyone=(put)in enough effort can master a foreign language.So,start today and never stop_(learn) -the journey itself will bring you many rewards! 6 高中沪教上海版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 答案区 演练-：1.A2B3.C4.C5.C6B7.C8.C9.B10.B 1.not to tell 2.that 3.To be 4.to follow 5.whether 6.missing 7.whether 8.Seen 9.it 10.would visit 1.to improve 2.to practice 3.watching 4.It 5.facing 6.to speak 7.if/whether 8.keeping 9.putting 10.learning 7