基础词法 介词与连词系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中外研版 【语法专版】 基础词法全解 语法专版 介词与连词系统讲解 基础词法专项突破 考频分析 基础词法外研版中，介词与连词是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核 心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-4题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子逻 辑与结构完整性。在语境理解类题目中，介词的搭配辨析及连词的逻辑关系判断往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。介词分类与搭配：时间介词(in/on/at)、地点介词(in/on/at)、方式介词(by/with/through)的辨析， 以及介词与动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配 。连词功能与逻辑关系：并列连词(and/but/.or)、从属连词(if/because/although)的句法功能，以及 表示因果、转折、条件、让步等逻辑关系的连接词运用 ·易混介词与连词辨析：如across与through、because与because of、though与although的用法区别， 以及语境中的准确选择 知识点一：介词与连词的分类及基础用法 1.介词（表示词与词之间的关系，后接名词/代词/动名词） 1.常见类型： ●时间介词(at/in/on/by) ·地点介词(in/on/at/under/behind) 。方式介词(by/with/through) ●原因介词(for/because of) 2.例句： ·We will meet at3p.m.(时间介词，接具体时刻) ·The book is on the desk.(地点介词，接具体位置) ·She goes to school by bus.(方式介词，接交通工具) 高中外研版 【语法专版】 基础词法全解 2.连词（连接词/短语/句子，分为并列连词和从属连词) 1.并列连词（连接并列成分或并列句）： 。and(和)、but(但是)、or(或者/否则)、so(所以) ●例句：I like apples and bananas./She is tired,but she still works har'd 2.从属连词（引导从句，连接主句和从句）： 。when（当…时，引导时间状语从句)、f(如果，引导条件状语从句)、because(因为，引导原 因状语从句)、that(引导宾语从句) ●例句：I will call you when I arrive./If it rains,,we will stay at home. 知识点二：介词与连词的分类及用法 1.常用介词（表示时间、地点、方式等） 1.时间介词 。at(具体时刻)：at7o'clock(在7点)、at noon(在中午) ●in(年/月/季节/泛指上午/下午/晚上)：in2023(在2023年)、in June(在六月)、in summer(在 夏天)、in the morning(在早上) ●on(具体日期/星期/特殊日子)：on Monday(在周一)、on June 1st(在6月1日)、on Christmas Day(在圣诞节) 。for(持续时间)：for three hours(持续三小时) 。since(从过去时间点开始)：since2010(自从2010年起) 。before(在…之前)：before dinner(晚饭前) ●after(在…之后)：after school(放学后) 2.地点介词 。in(在…内部)：in the classroom(在教室里)、in China(在中国) 。on(在…表面)：on the desk(在桌子上)、on the street(在街上) ·under(在…下方)：under the chair(在椅子下面) 。behind（在…后面)：behind the door（在门后面) 。in front of(在…前面，外部)：in front of the house(在房子前面) ●between(在两者之间)：between the two trees(在两棵树之间) ●among(在三者及以上之间)：among the students(在学生们中间) 3.方式介词 ●by(通过某种方式/交通工具)：by bus(乘公交车)、by reading(通过阅读) 2 高中外研版 【语法专版】 基础词法全解 。with(用某种工具/伴随)：write with a pen(用钢笔写)、play with friends(和朋友玩) ●in(用某种语言/材料)：in English(用英语)、in red(穿红色衣服) 2.常用连词（连接单词、短语或句子） 1.并列连词 。and(和，表并列/顺承)：I like apples and bananas.(我喜欢苹果和香蕉。) 。but(但是，表转折)：She is young but experienced.(她年轻但有经验。) 。or(或者，表选择；否则，表条件)：Would you like tea or coffee?(你想要茶还是咖啡？)/Huy p,or you'll be late..(快点，否则你会迟到。) ·so(所以，表结果)：He studied hard,so he passed the exam.（他努力学习，所以通过了考试。) 2.从属连词（引导从句） 。because(因为，引导原因状语从句)：I didn't go out because it rained.(因为下雨，我没出去。) 。f(如果，引导条件状语从句)：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home..(如果明天下雨，我们 就待在家里。) 。when(当…时，引导时间状语从句)：I was reading when he came in.(他进来时我正在读书。) ·hough/although(虽然，引导让步状语从句)：Though he is tired,he keeps working.(虽然他累了， 但他继续工作。) ●that(引导宾语从句/定语从句)：I think that he is right.(我认为他是对的。)/This is the book that I bought yesterday.(这是我昨天买的书。) 3.易混介词/连词辨析 1.in/on/at(时间) 。辨析：at用于具体时刻，in用于较长时间段，on用于具体日期 ·例句：at3:00pm.(在下午3点)、in April(在四月)、on May5th(在5月5日) 2.because/since/as(原因) ●辨析：because语气最强，回答why:since/as表”既然'，语气较弱 。例句：He didn't come because he was ill..(他没来是因为生病了。)/Since it's late,we should go home.(既然很晚了，我们该回家了。) 3.and/or ·辨析：and表并列肯定，or表选择或否定并列 ·例句：I have a pen and a ruler..(我有一支笔和一把尺子。)/I don't have a pen or a ruler.(我没有 笔也没有尺子。) 3 高中外研版 【语法专版】 基础词法全解 知识点三：介词与连词系统讲解 1.常用介词及搭配（中考必背） l.in(在…里/后)例句：We will have a party in October.(时间)/The book is in the bag.(地点) 2.on(在…上/具体某天)→例句：There is a cup on the table.(地点)/We have class on Monday.(时 间) 3.at(在…时刻/小地点)→例句：She gets up at6:00am.(时间)/He is waiting at the bus stop.(地 点) 4.with(和一起/用)→例句：I often play games with my friends.(伴随)/Write with a pen.(工具) 5.for(为了/持续时间)→例句：This gift is for you.(对象)/She studied English for3 years.(时间) 6.from(来自/从)→例句：He is from America.(来源)/We start class from8a.m.(起点) 7.to(到/向)→例句：I go to school by bike.(方向)/Give the book to Tom.(对象) 8.about(关于)→例句：They are talking about the movie.(内容) 9.between(在…之间，两者)→例句：The park is between the bank and the hospital. l0.among(在…之间，三者及以上)→例句：She is sitting among the students. 2.常用连词及用法（中考核心) 1.并列连词： ·and(和，表并列/顺承)→例句：I like apples and bananas./Go straight and turn left. 。but(但是，表转折)→例句：She is young but clever.. ·or(或者，表选择/否则)→例句：Do you like tea or coffee?/Hurry up,or you'll be late, 。so(所以，表结果)→例句：It rained heavily,so we stayed at home.. ·while(然而，表对比)一例句：I like singing while my sister likes dancing 2.从属连词： ◆because(因为，引导原因状语从句)→例句：He didn't go to school because he was ill. 。if(如果，引导条件状语从句)→例句：If it rains tomorrow,we won't go out. 。when（当…时，引导时间状语从句)→例句：I was reading when he came in. ·although/though（虽然，引导让步状语从句)→例句：Although he is tired,.he keeps working. 。that(引导宾语从句/定语从句)一例句：I think that she is right.(宾语从句)/This is the book that I bought yesterday.（定语从句) 3.介词与连词易错点辨析（中考易错） 4 高中外研版 【语法专版】 基础词法全解 1.in/on/at(时间搭配)：in+年/月/季节/上午/下午/晚上(in2023,in July,in summer,in the morning):on +具体某天/星期(on Monday,.on June 1st):at+具体时刻(at9:00,at noon)一→例句：We will meet on Sunday morning. 2.because./so(不可连用)：中文习惯”因为…所以”，但英语中两者不可同时使用→错误：Because he was late,so the teacher was angry.E:Because he was late,the teacher was angry.He was late,so the teacher was angry. 3.if/whether(是否，引导宾语从句)：if不可与or not直接连用，whether可以→例句：Idon'tkow whether he will come or not.(不可用if) 4.between/among(范围)：between后接具体对象(between A and B),among后接群体名词→例句： He shared the cake between his two children.The secret is known among the students. 考法精析 考法一：介词in/on/at表时间的辨析 核心：根据时间名词（年/月/日/时刻等）的类型，选择正确的时间介词in/on/at 真题1（语法填空）： We usually have a family gathering_Christmas Day. 答案：on 解析：Christmas Day为具体节日，具体节日前用介词on。 真题2（完形填空）： The summer vacation starts_July and ends_August 31st. A.in;on B.on;at C.at;in D.in;in 答案：A 解析：July为月份，月份前用介词i:August31st为具体日期，具体日期前用介词on,故选A。 考法二：介词与连词的易混辨析及固定搭配 核心：结合语境区分易混介词（如across/,through、except/esides)和连词（如although/but、because/so) 的用法，掌握固定搭配及句式规则（如就近原则、主将从现） 真题1（语法填空）： She walked the road and then wentthe forest to find her lost cat. 答案：across through 解析：第一空”穿过马路”为表面穿过，用across;第二空，穿过森林”为内部穿过，用through。 真题2（单项选择）： he is young,-he knows a lot about history. A.Although but B.Because so C.Although/ D.Because/ 5 高中外研版 【语法专版】 基础词法全解 答案：C 解析：although引导让步状语从句时不可与but连用，句意为”尽管他年轻，但他懂很多历史”，需 用Although./..结构。 考法三：介词与连词的综合辨析与运用 核心：结合语境区分易混介词（如in/on/at时间辨析、except/besides用法）和连词（如because/so不 可连用、though/although与but的搭配禁忌)，掌握介词后接动名词的规则及从属连词引导从句的用 法。 真题1（单项选择)： We will have a picnicSunday morning if the weather is fine. A.in B.on C.at D.for 答案：B 解析：表示”在具体某一天的上午/下午/晚上”用介词on,Sunday morning（周日上午)为具体日期 的上午，故选B。 真题2（语法填空）： She didn't go to school yesterday_she was ill.(提示：填写合适的连词) 答案：because 解析：从句”she was ill(她生病了)是主句'didn't go to school”(没去上学)的原因，需用从属连 词because引导原因状语从句：注意because与so不可连用，此处符合”主句+because从句”结构。 解题小妙招 介词连词妙招 时间介词辨分明，in年in月on日时；at用于具体点，on配特定早午晚： 地点介词有不同，大地点in小at:穿过表面用across,内部穿过through行； 连词使用有规则，although but不同现；because so不连用，固定搭配要记清： 综合辨析看语境，时间地点先判断：转折因果理关系，复杂句式莫慌乱。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.We will have a picnicthe afternoon of October 1st. A.in B.on C.at D.for 2.she is tired,she still finishes her homework on time. A.Because B.So C.Although D.But 3.He didn't go to school yesterday he was ill. A.so B.because C.but D.or 6 高中外研版 【语法专版】 基础词法全解 4.You can take the bus ride a bike to the library. A.either;or B.not only;but also C.neither;nor D.as;as 5.The light goesthe window and brightens the room. A.across B.through C.over D.past 6.All the students passed the examTom.He will take it again. A.besides B.except C.with D.without 7.I will call you I arrive at the station. A.as soon as B.while C.until D.since 8.-my mothermy father likes watching movies.They prefer reading A.Both;and B.Either;or C.Neither;nor D.Not only,but also 9.We should pay attentionthe details when doing the experiment. A.for B.to C.at D.on 10.-you work hard,you will not pass the final exam. A.If B.Unless C.Because D.Though 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She was born_(on/in/at)March 15th,2005 2.The children are playing-(in/on/at)the park. 3.I prefer tea(to/for/with)coffee. 4.He didn't go to the party(because/so)he had to study for the test. 5.The cat jumped_(over/through/across)the wall and ran away. 6.Everyone-(but/except/besides)Mary was late for the meeting 7.(As soon as/Unless/Although)the rain stops,we will go out for a walk. 8.My brother is interested(in/at/on)playing basketball 9.They walked(across/through)the forest to find the hidden treasure. 10.(Because/So/But)it was raining heavily,we decided to stay at home. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,my friends and I planned a trip to the mountains.We agreed to meet(1)the school gate (2)7:30 a.m.I arrived early,but Mike didn't come(3)he missed the bus.(4)we were worried,we waited for him.Finally,he arrived at 8:00 a.m.,-(5)we started our journey immediately. On the way,we walked(6)a small river and then climbed(7)a hill.The view from the top was amazing! We took many photos and shared snacks.(8)it was getting dark,we decided to go back. _(9)Mike was tired,he still helped carry our bags.We got home safely at 7:00 p.m.I felt happy because 7 高中外研版 【语法专版】 基础词法全解 this trip taught me the importance of friendship.I will never forget the day(10)we spent together. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3B4.A5.B6B7.A8.C9.B10B 演练二：1.on2.in3.to4.because5.over6.except7.As soon as8.in9.through10.Because 演练三：1.at2.at3.because4.Although/Though5.s06.across7.up8.When9.Although/Though 10.that/which