核心时态与语态 被动语态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪外版）

高中沪外版 核心时态与语态语法全解 语法精讲 被动语态系统讲解 核心时态与语态 考频分析 沪外版高中英语中，被动语态是核心时态与语态模块的重点语法点，考频占语法总量的15%左右， 贯穿试卷主要题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-2题、书面表达核心考察，直 接影响句子结构的规范性与表达的准确性。在语境理解类题目中，被动语态的时态搭配、主谓一致 及语境应用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。被动语态的构成：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、 情态动词的被动语态结构 ·主动语态与被动语态的转换：不同时态下主动句变被动句的方法，含双宾语、复合宾语的主动句转 换规则 ·被动语态的语境应用：不能用被动语态的动词（如happen、occur等），被动语态在科技文、新闻报 道中的使用场景，以及与by短语的搭配关系 知识点一：被动语态的构成及用法 1.基本构成 1.be动词+过去分词(be动词随时态/人称变化，过去分词不变) 。一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词→例句：English is spoken by many people, 。一般过去时：was/were+过去分词→例句：The letter was written yesterday. 。一般将来时：will be+过去分词→例句：The project will be completed next month. 。现在完成时：have/has been+过去分词→例句：The work has been finished. 2.使用场景 1.强调动作承受者/动作本身（而非执行者） 高中沪外版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 ·执行者不明时：My bike was stolen last night.. 。需凸显承受者时：This book was written by Mo Yan.. ●礼貌表达或客观陈述：Visitors are requested not to take photos here. 3.特殊结构 1.情态动词+be+过去分词（表被动含义的情态语气） 。常见情态动词：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词 ●例句：(I)The pr'oblem can be solved easily..(2)Children should be protected well.. 知识点二：被动语态的特殊用法与易错点 1.情态动词的被动语态 结构：主语+情态动词(can/may/must/.should等)+be+动词过去分词 例句： l.The work can be finished in two days.(can表示“能”，be+finished) 2.This book must be returned to the library on time.(must表示“必须”，be+returned) 3.Your homework should be handed in before Friday.(should表示“应该”，be+handed) 2.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 常见动词：see(看见)、hear(听见)、make(使)、let(让)、watch（观看) 主动结构：主语+感官/使役动词+宾语+动词原形（不带to) 被动结构：主语+be+感官/使役动词过去分词+to+动词原形 例句： l.主动：We saw him enter the room.→被动：He was seen to enter the room by us.(see变为seen, 还原to enter) 2.主动：The teacher made her read aloud.→被动：She was made to read aloud by the teacher.(make 变为made,还原toread) 3.不及物动词无被动语态 特点：不及物动词（如happen、appear、rise等）本身无被动，若与介词搭配成短语动词（如take care of、look after),可用于被动语态 例句： 1.错误：The accident was happened yesterday.(happen是不及物动词，无被动) 高中沪外版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 2.正确：The accident happened yesterday.(主动语态) 3.正确：The old man is taken care of by his daughter.(take care of是短语动词，有被动) 4.主动表被动的特殊情况 适用动词：need(需要)、want(需要)、require(需要)，后接doing表示“需要被…” 例句： l.The bike needs repairing.(=The bike needs to be repaired.自行车需要被修理) 2.This room requires cleaning.(=This room requires to be cleaned.房间需要被打扫) 5.被动语态的否定与疑问形式 1.否定结构：主语+be动词/情态动词/助动词+not+过去分词 例句：The letter is not written by her.(is后加not)/This task cannot be finished today.(can后加not) 2.疑问结构：be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语+过去分词 例句：Was the meeting held yesterday?(be动词提前)/Has the work been done?(助动词has提前) 知识点三：被动语态 1.一般现在时被动语态 1.基础结构（中考必背）： 主语+am/is/are+过去分词 (1)This book is written by a famous writer. (2)These flowers are watered every day. (3)English is spoken in many countries. 2.特殊句式（中考易错）： (I)主动句：People grow rice in the south.→a被动句：Rice is grown in the south. (2)主动句：They make cars in this factory.→被动句：Cars are made in this factory. 2.一般过去时被动语态 1.基础结构（中考必背）： 主语+was/were+过去分词 (1)The letter was sent yesterday. (2)The bridge was built last year. (3)They were invited to the party. 3 高中沪外版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 2.特殊句式（中考易错）： (I)主动句：He bought a new bike.→被动句：A new bike was bought by him. (2)主动句：We saw a film last night..→被动句：A film was seen by us last night.. 3.情态动词的被动语态 1.基础结构（中考核心）： 主语+情态动词(can/may/must/should)+be+过去分词 (1)This work must be finished on time. (2)The problem can be solved easily. (3)You should be told the truth 2.常见搭配（中考常考）： (1)The classroom should be cleaned every day. (2)Books may be borrowed from the library. 考法精析 考法一：被动语态基本构成及时态匹配 核心：根据时间状语或语境判断时态，选择正确的be动词+过去分词构成被动语态 真题1（语法填空）： The meeting-(hold)tomorrow morning.All teachers are required to attend. 答案：will be held 解析：由时间标志词“tomorrow morning”可知，动作发生在将来，用一般将来时被动语态，结构 为will be+过去分词，hold的过去分词为held。 真题2（单项选择)： Many new houses_in our city since last year. A.are built B.were built C.have been built D.will be built 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词“since last year”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时被动语态，结 构为have/has been+过去分词，主语houses为复数，助动词用have,build的过去分词为built。. 考法二：被动语态与时态的综合运用 核心：结合时间状语或语境，判断被动动作发生的时间，选择正确时态的被动结构 真题1（语法填空）： The old temple_(build)since last year and it(complete)by the end of next month. 答案：has been being built will have been completed 4 高中沪外版 核心时态与语态语法全解 解析：第一空由时间标志词“since last year”及语境“一直在建造”可知，用现在完成进行时被动： 第二空由“by the end of next month”可知，用将来完成时被动。 真题2（单项选择)： A new bridge-over the river when I passed by last week. A.was built B.was being built C.has been built D.is being built 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词“when I passed by last week”可知，动作在过去某时正在进行，用过去进行时 被动。 考法三：被动语态的综合运用与转换 核心：结合时态、情态动词及主动被动转换规则，在语境中正确运用被动语态 真题1（单项选择）： The problem-by the teacher in class yesterday.We should listen carefully. A.was discussed B.is discussed C.will be discussed D.discusses 答案：A 解析：主语“the problem”是动作“discuss'”的承受者，需用被动语态：由时间标志词“yesterday” 可知用一般过去时，结构为“was+过去分词”，discuss的过去分词为discussed。 真题2（语法填空）： These old photos(take)by my father 10 years ago.They are very precious. 答案：were taken 解析：主语“these old photos”是动作“take”的承受者，用被动语态；由时间标志词“10 years ago” 可知用一般过去时，主语为复数，be动词用were,take的过去分词为taken。 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记”主谓”，被动必带be和done”: 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动”am/is/are”,一过被动was/were”: 进行被动要用being”,完成被动have/has/had been'”; 将来被动”will be',情态被动”情态+be”; 特殊结构要留意，主动形式表被动。 高中沪外版 核心时态与语态语法全解 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.Many important decisions_by the committee at yesterday's meeting. A.were made B.are made C.have been made D.will be made 2.A new shopping mall in the city center since last year and it_next month A.built will open B.has been built opens C.has been being built will be opened D.is being built will have opened 3.The children-to stay away from the dangerous area by the teacher just now. A.tell B.told C.were told D.are telling 4.It is suggested that the problem-at the next meeting. A.discusses B.is discussed C.be discussed D.will be discussed 5.The novelby a famous writer when I was in high school. A.was written B.is written C.has been written D.wrote 6.When I arrived at the station,the train-already_ A.has left B.was left C.had been left D.left 7.This kind of cloth_well andlong. A.washes lasts B.is washed is lasted C.washed lasted D.is washing is lasting 8.The old man was seen_into the hospital this morning. A.go B.to go C.going D.gone 9.The projectby the end of last year,but it was delayed due to bad weather. A.completes B.was completed C.had been completed D.would be completed 10.The room needs_before the guests arrive. A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.to cleaning 演练二：填空试题（用括号内单词的正确形式填空） 1.The letter_(write)by my brother yesterday afternoon. 2.English_(speak)in many countries around the world. 3.The problem_(can solve)with the help of modern technology. 4.By the time we arrived,the meeting_(already start). 5.The bridge_(build)now and it_(finish)next year. 6.The children_(tell)not to play with fire just now. 7.The book_(translate)into five languages since it was published. 8.It is important that the work_(do)on time. 6 高中沪外版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 9.The old house_(pull)down when we visited the village last month. 10.These flowers .(smell)sweet in spring. 演练三：语法填空试题 A new library-(build)in our school since last September.The construction work-(carry)out by a local company and it_(complete)by the end of this year.The library_(design)to hold over 100,000 books and_(visit)by more than 500 students every day once it opens. Last week,when I passed by the construction site,workers_(install)the windows.They told me that the main structure-(already finish)and the interior decoration-(begin)next week.It is said that the library -(equip)with modern facilities,such as self-service book machines and digital reading areas. Everyone in our school is looking forward to the new library.We believe it-(become)a popular place for students to study and read. 答案区 演练-：1.A2.C3.C4.C5.A6.C7.A8.B9.C10.C 演练二： 1.was written 2.is spoken 3.can be solved 4.had already started 5.is being built;will be finished 6.were told 7.has been translated 8.be done 9.was being pulled 10.smell 演练三： 1.has been being built 2.is being carried 3.will be completed 4.is designed 5.will be visited 6.were installing 7.had already been finished 7 高中沪外版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 8.will be begun 9.will be equipped 10.will become 8